Authenticity of Kartarpuri Bir - Global Sikh Studies

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who came to know of it, it was restored to that family. In the narration of the event of the return of the Bir to Dhirmafias, the story teller has introduced an element of a miracle by saying that the Sikhs placed the Bir in the bed of the river from where the Dhirma!ias lifted it unharmed by moisture. The position will be explained later while dealing with criticism on the point. Again, tradition and historical writings are clear that during the time of the ninth and the tenth Gurus, the Adi-Granth was with the successors of Dhirmal. For, many copies of the Adi- Granth in which the Bani (hymns) of the ninth Guru has been recorded in the time of the ninth and the tenth Gurus show that those had been corrected with the Granth of the fifth Guru. For example, in the Granth at Dehradun, it has been recorded that certain hymns were not there in the Granth of the 5th Guru. 23 Further, the very fact that the 10th Guru, when he wanted to prepare at Anandpur the Damdami Bir, first approached the family of Dhirmal for lending the Granth, shows that the original Adi-Granth, wherever it might have been earlier, was, at that time, decidedly with that family. 24 Again, it has been stated that Baba Deep Singh spent many days at Kartarpur in order to authenticate a copy or copies of the Adi- Granth by comparison with the original Adi-Granth with that family. 25 It is, thus, not in doubt that all through that and the subsequent period, this Adi-Granth at Kartarpur remained the Granth of reference for confirming the authenticity of the Bani of the Gurus and the Bbagats. And, it remained in the custody of the Sodhis at Kartarpur. After 1708 A.D., the demise of the 10th Guru at Nanded, the Sikhs passed through extremely difficult and unsettled times. In that period, the question of the change of the custody of the Adi-Granth could not arise. Considering the power and influence of Ranjit Singh and the respect that this original scripture commanded among the Sikhs, it was natural that he should have procured this Granth for himself 8
and kept it with him as a national treasure of the Sikhs. At the time of the British conquest of the Punjab, this Bir passed into the hands of the Indian Government. Thereafter, this Bir became the subject of a Civil Suit and for obvious reasons it was restored to the Sodhis of Kartarpur, descendants of Dhirmal. Therefore, its custody first with the Sodhis of Kartarpur, then with Ranjit Singh, and again with the Kartarpur family, is an important and basic piece of evidence. Because, the presence and recovery of a manuscript, document, or book from its natural and proper custody and environment is a relevant and weighty factor in showing its authenticity. II 1. Claim of Originality undisputed We are not aware of any other copy of the Adi-Granth on behalf of which any claim of originality has ever been made. Accordingly, the only Bir about which a claim of its being original has been made is the Kartarpuri Bir, and, this claim is undisputed. In India where there is an unfortunate tradition of making false claims about the location of sacred places, scriptures, documents, manuscripts, etc., the singular absence of any claim of originality for any other Bir is a very remarkable fact to show that the authenticity of the Kartarpuri Bir has never been in doubt. 2. Internal Evidence We now proceed to state and consider the internal evidence exhibited by the Kartarpuri Bir about its originality. Here we might indicate the available material on the subject as also the method of writing the Kartarpuri Bir adopted by the scribe, evidently under the instructions of the author or the compiler. Not many persons have made a detailed 9
Page 1 and 2: CHAPTER 1 Introductory Sikhism is a
Page 3 and 4: and analyse all the available mater
Page 5 and 6: Parkash (1801 A.D.) the reply of Bh
Page 7: authentic scripture of the Sikhs co
Page 11 and 12: 11 with the quotation of the first
Page 13 and 14: 13 Kartarpuri Bir, though he had no
Page 15 and 16: 15 There is no handwritten Bir the
Page 17 and 18: 17 5. There is another set of corre
Page 19 and 20: 19 mistakes which in their characte
Page 21 and 22: 21 been scored out or cancelled by
Page 23 and 24: 23 that the last words end where ve
Page 25 and 26: 25 been wrongly numbered as 333, 34
Page 27 and 28: 27 in the copy all the 1 to 60 Saba
Page 29 and 30: 29 It is important to understand th
Page 31 and 32: 31 contention was that the Kartarpu
Page 33 and 34: 33 pretension on the part of any on
Page 35 and 36: 35 Salok is not in the Mohan Pothie
Page 37 and 38: 37 Singh writes that the Kartarpuri
Page 39 and 40: 39 ever have been contemplated, tha
Page 41 and 42: 41 including these two verses was n
Page 43 and 44: 43 on very cogent grounds rejected
Page 45 and 46: 45 scriptural or doctrinal deviatio
Page 47 and 48: 47 Banno Granth had been tempered w
Page 49 and 50: 49 original is without any factual
Page 51 and 52: 51 was shaved. This feature is in o
Page 53 and 54: 53 can be accomodated on about 465
Page 55 and 56: 55 5. This Bir was written in Sarna
Page 57 and 58: 57 Granth having been copied on way
Page 59 and 60:
59 by the fifth Guru, and it is a C
Page 61 and 62:
61 changing it to 1659. Apart from
Page 63 and 64:
63 In his paper he records that in
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65 suggestion, for the first time r
Page 67 and 68:
67 Pritam Singh when faced with the
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69 need to be allowed and “the al
Page 71 and 72:
71 On the main issue we have come t
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73 the Kartarpuri and the Banno Bir
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75 available since 1981. If it had
Page 77 and 78:
77 of the three authors or critics
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58 ibid, pp. 119-121, 135 59 ibid,
Page 81 and 82:
81 APPENDIX A Dr. W. H. Mcleod has
Page 83 and 84:
83 Mira Bai’s hymn, as already st
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85 done only for the utilization of
Page 87 and 88:
87 The work was in the tradition of
Page 89 and 90:
89 about the nature of the mystic e
Page 91 and 92:
91 Sikhism every other religious pr
Page 93 and 94:
love. Because in the religious envi
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95 life there is aggression or inju
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97 causes, but also prescribed that
Page 99 and 100:
99 ALDOUS (with emphasis) : Exactly
Page 101 and 102:
101 Centuries earlier a Muslim sain
Page 103 and 104:
103 Sikh Gurus God was Love. For th
Page 105 and 106:
105 for all living, but in the purp
Page 107 and 108:
107 rationality has been called a c
Page 109 and 110:
109 constituted the unstable spirit
Page 111 and 112:
111 The situation is similar in Afr
Page 113 and 114:
113 17 ibid, pp. 26, 1091-92 18 ibi
Page 115 and 116:
Essays on Authenticity of Kartarpur
Page 117:
ESSAYS ON THE AUTHENTICITY OF KARTA
Page 121 and 122:
PREFACE I am extremely grateful to
Page 123:
its essentials. In laying down thei
Page 126:
covered the scriptural and doctrina
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