Technical Paper by J.H. Greenwood - IGS - International ...
Technical Paper by J.H. Greenwood - IGS - International ... Technical Paper by J.H. Greenwood - IGS - International ...
GREENWOOD D Designing to Residual Strength Instead of Stress-Rupture Sustained load curves Mechanical damage Load, T Environmental Stress-rupture curve Log t (time) Figure 6. Residual strength curves due to sustained load, mechanical damage and environmental effects. Curve for T=T D Load, T T RD T D Design strength or applied load Log t (time) Design life, t d Figure 7. Combined residual strength curves for sustained load, mechanical damage and environmental effects; redefinition of T D such that T RD /T D =f m . 8 GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL S 1997, VOL. 4, NO. 1
GREENWOOD D Designing to Residual Strength Instead of Stress-Rupture ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper is an extended version of a discussion contribution made at IS Kyushu 1996. I thank D. Kingston, M. McCreath, W. Voskamp and P. Segrestin for helpful discussions and the Directors of ERA Technology for permission to publish this paper. REFERENCES BS 8006, 1995, “Code of Practice for Strengthened/Reinforced Soils and Other Fills”, British Standards Institution, London, UK, 170 p. Christensen, R.M., 1981, “Residual-Strength Determination in Polymeric Materials”, Journal of Rheology, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 529-536. Evans, A.G. and Wiederhorn, S.M., 1974, “Proof Testing of Ceramic Materials - An Analytical Basis for Failure Predictions”, International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 379-392. Horrocks, A.R., 1996, “The Effect of Stress on Geosynthetic Durability”, Geosynthetics: Applications, Design and Construction”, de Groot, M.B., den Hoedt, G. and Termaat, R.J., Editors, Balkema, pp. 629-636. Jewell, R.A. and Greenwood, J.H., 1988, “Long-Term Strength and Safety in Steep Soil Slopes Reinforced by Polymer Materials”, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.7, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 81-118. Paris, P.C. and Erdogan, F., 1963, “A Critical Analysis of Crack Propagation Laws”, Transactions of ASME Journal Basic Engineering, Vol. 85, pp. 528-534. Schardin-Liedtke, H., 1990, “Geotextiles for the Support of Steep Slopes: Approval Procedure”, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products, Balkema, Vol. 1, The Hague, The Netherlands, May 1990, pp. 79-85. Wagner, H.D., Schwartz, P. and Phoenix, S.L., 1986, “Lifetime Statistics for Single Kevlar 49 Filaments in Creep-Rupture”, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 1868-1878. NOTATIONS Basic SI units are given in parentheses. A = constant (Pa -n m 1-n/2 ) a = crack length (m) B = 2/((n - 2) AY 2 K n−2 IC )(Pa 2 s) f f = partial load factor (dimensionless) f m = partial material factor (dimensionless) f m11 = partial factors for variations in manufacturing (dimensionless) GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL S 1997, VOL. 4, NO. 1 9
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GREENWOOD D Designing to Residual Strength Instead of Stress-Rupture<br />
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS<br />
This paper is an extended version of a discussion contribution made at IS Kyushu<br />
1996. I thank D. Kingston, M. McCreath, W. Voskamp and P. Segrestin for helpful discussions<br />
and the Directors of ERA Technology for permission to publish this paper.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
BS 8006, 1995, “Code of Practice for Strengthened/Reinforced Soils and Other Fills”,<br />
British Standards Institution, London, UK, 170 p.<br />
Christensen, R.M., 1981, “Residual-Strength Determination in Polymeric Materials”,<br />
Journal of Rheology, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 529-536.<br />
Evans, A.G. and Wiederhorn, S.M., 1974, “Proof Testing of Ceramic Materials - An<br />
Analytical Basis for Failure Predictions”, <strong>International</strong> Journal of Fracture Mechanics,<br />
Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 379-392.<br />
Horrocks, A.R., 1996, “The Effect of Stress on Geosynthetic Durability”, Geosynthetics:<br />
Applications, Design and Construction”, de Groot, M.B., den Hoedt, G. and Termaat,<br />
R.J., Editors, Balkema, pp. 629-636.<br />
Jewell, R.A. and <strong>Greenwood</strong>, J.H., 1988, “Long-Term Strength and Safety in Steep Soil<br />
Slopes Reinforced <strong>by</strong> Polymer Materials”, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.7,<br />
Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 81-118.<br />
Paris, P.C. and Erdogan, F., 1963, “A Critical Analysis of Crack Propagation Laws”,<br />
Transactions of ASME Journal Basic Engineering, Vol. 85, pp. 528-534.<br />
Schardin-Liedtke, H., 1990, “Geotextiles for the Support of Steep Slopes: Approval<br />
Procedure”, Proceedings of the Fourth <strong>International</strong> Conference on Geotextiles,<br />
Geomembranes and Related Products, Balkema, Vol. 1, The Hague, The Netherlands,<br />
May 1990, pp. 79-85.<br />
Wagner, H.D., Schwartz, P. and Phoenix, S.L., 1986, “Lifetime Statistics for Single Kevlar<br />
49 Filaments in Creep-Rupture”, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 21, No. 6,<br />
pp. 1868-1878.<br />
NOTATIONS<br />
Basic SI units are given in parentheses.<br />
A = constant (Pa -n m 1-n/2 )<br />
a = crack length (m)<br />
B = 2/((n - 2) AY 2 K n−2<br />
IC )(Pa 2 s)<br />
f f = partial load factor (dimensionless)<br />
f m = partial material factor (dimensionless)<br />
f m11 = partial factors for variations in manufacturing (dimensionless)<br />
GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL S 1997, VOL. 4, NO. 1<br />
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