Liquefaction co-processing of coal shale oil at - Argonne National ...
Liquefaction co-processing of coal shale oil at - Argonne National ... Liquefaction co-processing of coal shale oil at - Argonne National ...
FIGURE 5 API GRAVITIES OF NARROW BOILING FRACTION OF HYDROTREATED ILLINOIS ITSL OIL Total Aromatics, 11 LV VO 0 Mldboillng Point -Bolllng Range of Fractlon io0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Boiling Point, ‘F FIGURE 6 EFFECT OF AROMATICS ON THE CETANE NUMBER OF DIESEL FUELS FROM HYDROTREATED COAL-DERIVED OILS 50- 30- A 0 liiinols ITSL Wyodak ITSL A Wyodak CTSL 0 Wyodak H-Coal A IlllnOIl H-Coal Solid Points = 2-Stage 25 I I I I I I 0 10 20 30 40 SO 60 Aromatic Contant, LV ah 2 93
INTEGRATED TWO-STAGE LIQUEFACTION: THE LEGACY AND THE UNFINISHED WORK INTRODUCTION ENEO C. MORONI U.S. Department of Energy, FE-34 GTN, Washington, D.C. 20545 The Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction (ITSL) concept has received considerable attention by many laboratories and has emerged as one of the most promising technology in direct coal liquefaction. DOE/Lummus/Cities Service, EPRI/Kerr McGee, the Wilsonville teams, Chevron and Exxon (1) have been in one way or another involved in processes conforming to the ITSL concept, each one with a somewhat different approach or processing scheme. Recently, HRI (2) has developed another staged liquefaction concept which recently has received DOE support for extended continuous bench-scale testi ny. Major achievements were obtained during the development of the ITSL process at Lummus, from May 1980 t o June 1985, which have changed substantially our approach to coal liquefaction techniques and inspired new thoughts in unraveling the mechanism of direct coal liquefaction at low severity opera- tions. These novel mechanistic considerations need to be supported with further studies using suitable model compounds, some of which have been recently proposed (3). Several papers have reported the early development of the ITSL process and related projects (4-8). This paper has the objective to divulge the most recent achievements of an evolved ITSL process, pointing out the unfinished work, and to expand the concept of the low-severity staged approach which resulted from the evolved ITSL process and emerged as the most desirable pathway for the direct production of marketable liquid fuels from coals: The ultimate objective is to interest the researchers dedicated to fundamentals of coal liquefaction toward the technological needs and the understanding of reaction mechanism, kinetics and thermodynamic limitations residing with the novel, low-severity staged coal liquefaction approach. THE ITSL LEGACY Major accomplishments obtained at low-severity operations in a 3/4 ton/day ITSL process development unit at Lummus and from related bench-scale studies in various laboratories, include: LOW severity produced extracts are low in heteroatoms and more easily bydrogenatabl e, consistently yielding excel 1 ent equi 1 i brium donor solvent (9). No high viscosity gel region is apparent over the 28D-35OoC temperature range for a slurry of bituminous coal and ITSL solvent, as was the case for slurries prepared with the same coal and other types of solvent (10). 294
- Page 91 and 92: SUMMARY e The major effect of close
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FIGURE 5<br />
API GRAVITIES OF NARROW BOILING<br />
FRACTION OF HYDROTREATED ILLINOIS ITSL OIL<br />
Total Arom<strong>at</strong>ics, 11 LV VO<br />
0 Mldb<strong>oil</strong>lng Point<br />
-Bolllng Range <strong>of</strong><br />
Fractlon<br />
io0 200 300 400 500 600 700 800<br />
B<strong>oil</strong>ing Point, ‘F<br />
FIGURE 6<br />
EFFECT OF AROMATICS ON THE<br />
CETANE NUMBER OF DIESEL<br />
FUELS FROM HYDROTREATED COAL-DERIVED OILS<br />
50-<br />
30-<br />
A<br />
0 liiinols ITSL<br />
Wyodak ITSL<br />
A Wyodak CTSL<br />
0 Wyodak H-Coal<br />
A IlllnOIl H-Coal<br />
Solid Points = 2-Stage<br />
25 I I I I I I<br />
0 10 20 30 40 SO 60<br />
Arom<strong>at</strong>ic Contant, LV ah<br />
2 93
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