2007 Annual Report - jamstec japan agency for marine-earth ...

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4Ecosystem Change Research Program This FY our efforts have been focused to develop original ecosystem models to elucidate ecosystem mechanisms as well as to predict ecosystem changes under the climatic changes in both terrestrial and marine environments. At present, ECRP is consist of three research groups as described below. 1Terrestrial Ecosystem Model Group Fig.10 Model domain used for chemical weather forecast system. Insert is the enlarged map of Domain 2. The black dot shows Kumagaya site. a. Carbon-nitrogen model is developed by improving a terrestrial ecosystem model Sim-CYCLE. In addition, a dynamic global vegetation model DGVM, regional high-resolution carbon budget model, and individual-based forest dynamics model is developed for the purpose of development of the integrated model. Soil displacement by water erosion was included into Sim- CYCLE, a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model, indicating that the process should exert an important effect on longterm carbon budget than expected Fig.1. The research outcomes including future projection based on projected climatic change and land-use change were published from Geophysical Research Letters Ito, 2007. Methane and nitrous oxide exchange schemes were gradually incorporated into Sim- CYCLE, so that regional scale evaluation of net greenhouse gas Fig.11 Comparison of near surface O 3 concentrations calculated by using the boundary layer scheme of a MYJ, b YSU, and c GFS, with d observation. 15 JST July 29, 2005 budget is plausibly quantified with adequate accuracy. As to climate-carbon cycle interaction, simulation results using the coupled AGCM-Sim-CYCLE model were presented to several international conferences and submitted as a full article, focusing on its temporal-scale dependency Kato et al., in Fig.12 Comparison of average wind direction distributions calculated by using the boundary layer scheme of a MYJ, b YSU, and c GFS, with d observation. 14 JST July 28-August 23, 2005. Fig.1 Impacts of soil erosion on the global carbon budget
evision. Also, carbon budget of East Asian terrestrial ecosystems estimated by the 1-km mesh model was published on the basis of GERF-S1 project Ito, in press. We continued development of a model simulating major processes of atmosphere-land surface greenhouse gas exchange. In particular, methane production under anaerobic conditions such as wetlands and paddy fields would be newly introduced. As to the high-resolution model, simulation area would be expanded to Southeast Asia and southern Siberia to cover the Asia region. We have applied the model to an east Siberian larch forest by incorporating empirical rules for allometry, allocation, and phenology observed at a larch forest Sato et al., submitted. After calibration, the model reconstructed the post-fire succession patterns of forest structure and carbon cycling Fig.2. It also reconstructed seasonal changes of carbon, water and energy cycling in a mature larch forest. When the model was applied to the entire larch-dominated region in eastern Siberia, simulated result was comparable for latitudinal gradient of aboveground biomass. . Fig. 2 Application of the SEIB-DGVM to Siberian larch forest Major processes of terrestrial nitrogen cycle were introduced into Sim-CYCLE, and fully coupled with carbon cycle. And, a methane production scheme was applied to wetlands and paddy fields to establish a greenhouse gas exchange model. A nitrous oxide emission scheme was also included into our global model, so that we could perform preliminary simulations for three major greenhouse gases. This model allows us to evaluate net greenhouse gas budget of terrestrial biosphere and provides us deeper insights on ecosystem functions under global warming. A paper on site-scale validation of the model was submitted Inatomi et al., submitted. 2 Marine Ecosystem Model Group a. Marine Ecosystem Simulation in a high resolution OGCM Using a high resolution ocean general circulation model combined with a simple ecosystem model Nutrient- Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus, or NPZD type, with a horizontal resolution of 0.1 degrees, we have diagnosed the variability of chlorophyll maximum in the meso-scale eddies in the subtropical-subarctic transition region and Kuroshio Extension region. We have also published a study on the variability of surface chlorophyll influenced by the meso-scale eddies such as the Costarica Dome in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean using the high-resolution model and satellite observation data . To investigate the dependency of the results in tracer simulations on the model grid resolution, an experiment of CFC-11 with a 0.5 degrees model has been performed. b.Explore impacts of global climatic changes on vegetation distribution and functions using SEIB-DGVM, an individual-based dynamic global vegetation model. Using the SEIB-DGVM, we examined transient changes in vegetation distribution and factions for the next 100 years in prep. For vegetation responses, there was a significant time lag that differed depending on the migration scenario used: a more rapid migration scenario facilitated invasion of the forest biome and incremental increases in net primary production and biomass. This result motivated us to explore more sophisticated and reliable ways of modeling migration toward developing the next generation of dynamic global vegetation models.To enable analysis of interaction between terrestrial surface and atmosphere, we have developed communication program for integrating the SEIB-DGVM to an AOGCM Atmospheric Ocean General Circulation Model. In the fiscal year 2008, we are going to initiate 'on-line simulations' using this integrated earthsystem-model. b.Study of marine ecosystem responses to climate change b-1. International cooperative study on the long-term changes in marine ecosystem processes. We participated in the SCOR Working Group project
Page 1 and 2: JAMSTEC 2007 Annual Report Japan Ag
Page 3 and 4: Contents Chapter 1. Outline of Japa
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 1. Outline of Japan Agency
Page 7 and 8: the ocean and improved. (Details of
Page 9 and 10: ties of the Nankai trough drilling
Page 11 and 12: sively transferred to the Kochi Cor
Page 13 and 14: publications, including the JAMSTEC
Page 15 and 16: (3) Cooperation under the Intergove
Page 17 and 18: Korea Korea Ocean Research & Develo
Page 19 and 20: (/day) () [FWEP] Fig. 2 Regions cov
Page 21 and 22: level of the delayed-mode quality c
Page 23 and 24: (2)Hydrological Cycle Observational
Page 25 and 26: Arctic Ocean Climate System Group R
Page 27 and 28: al., 2007). In the western subarcti
Page 29 and 30: ()Ocean General Circulation Observa
Page 31 and 32: 1.1.2 Global environmental predicti
Page 33 and 34: when sea surface water in the regio
Page 35 and 36: SST front is restored effectively w
Page 37 and 38: global warming experiments for the
Page 39 and 40: ed that if the number of irrigation
Page 41 and 42: is important to simulate this heavy
Page 43 and 44: On the contrary, ozone concentratio
Page 45: The comparison for carbon flux anom
Page 49 and 50: Oscillation PDO to the marine ecosy
Page 51 and 52: feedback, thereby it amplifies clim
Page 53 and 54: cate such a rapid cooling involved
Page 55 and 56: ture of cloud systems by global clo
Page 57 and 58: ~ 40 km ~ 20 km ~ 10 km Fig.5 The s
Page 59 and 60: Progress has been made for the deve
Page 61 and 62: longer and hence more enhanced air-
Page 63 and 64: processes of mesoscale eddies in th
Page 65 and 66: the Earth's history because of the
Page 67 and 68: (2) Research Program for Geochemica
Page 69 and 70: straints have been obtained. (1) Is
Page 71 and 72: and Metals National Corp.) (Fig. 2)
Page 73 and 74: study. However, it is extremely dif
Page 75 and 76: dynamics is characterized by strong
Page 77 and 78: 2007; Ohkouchi et al., 2008; Kashiy
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 3 Installation of magnetometer
Page 81 and 82: the input of the slab component to
Page 83 and 84: 1.1.4 Marine Biology and Research o
Page 85 and 86: Core Number of Number of enzyme-pro
Page 87 and 88: Depth (cmbsf) 0 0% 100% (28) 5 (31)
Page 89 and 90: otary joint has to be developed bec
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Page 93 and 94: Development of cable extension tech
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it was suggested (Fig.3) that it is
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Fig.12 The two-stage approach for p
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1.3 Various research and developmen
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5 Development of full-depth ocean d
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(1)The International Arctic Researc
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mate system and so improve paramete
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1.3.3 Progress in the Integrated Oc
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2Promotion of research and developm
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Utilization of intellectual propert
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vessels during the annual survey wo
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vessels during the annual survey wo
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adoption of the major project propo
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c) Support vessel "YOKOSUKA" (herea
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esearch submersibles and remotely o
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temperature/depth sensor, which we
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cal assistances such as programming
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Fig. 1 Test drilling sites On-board
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images from deep sea researches. Ap
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. Promotion of efficient operations
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Process Re-Engineering" is being pe
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and the like of various buildings w
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