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1486 A. Bodnariuc et al. / Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 1465–1488 medium elevation, beech was favoured at <strong>the</strong> expense <strong>of</strong> Picea during <strong>the</strong> recent recolonisation phases. Acknowledgements This research was supported by <strong>the</strong> Minist"ere Fran- -cais de l’Education Nationale, de la Recherche et de la Technologie ‘‘R!eseau Formation Recherche Pays Europe Centrale et Orientale–R!eseau Franco–Roumain’’ (Contract 4778836 A), Coordinator Dr. Ch. Causse, and by <strong>the</strong> Minist"ere Fran-cais des Affaires Etrang"eres (Grant no. 268230C). We express our gratitude to Dr. E. Silvestru (Emil Racovita Speological Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania), for his determining help during <strong>the</strong> field work; to Pr. L. Ghergari, for her support at <strong>the</strong> Babes-Bolyai University <strong>of</strong> Cluj Napoca; to Pr. Dr. C. Radulescu, Speological Institute <strong>of</strong> Bucharest for his support and his welcome; Dr. M. Bakalowicz and Dr. A. Mangin for <strong>the</strong>ir helpful comments on <strong>the</strong> field; to Dr. M. Thinon for determination <strong>of</strong> Picea charcoal, Ms D. Dejean for her help in bibliography. Thanks are due to M. Arnold, head <strong>of</strong> UMS 2004 Tandetron, L.S.C.E., Gif sur Yvette and to <strong>the</strong> L.S.C.E. Radiocarbon team, especially M. Paterne, N. Tisnerat, E. Kaltnecker, C. Noury and C. Hatt!e. We thank Dr K. Willis, Dr M. Magny and Pr<strong>of</strong>. J. Rose for <strong>the</strong>ir helpful comments on <strong>the</strong> manuscript. References Berglund, B.E., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M., 1986. Pollen analysis and pollen diagrams. In: Berglund, B.E. (Ed.), Handbook <strong>of</strong> <strong>Holocene</strong> Paleoecology and Paleohydrology. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 455–484. Bozilova, E., Smit, A., 1979. 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