Improving Global Quality of Life
Improving Global Quality of Life
Improving Global Quality of Life
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New discoveries tend to be in deepwater (>300 m) harsh environments (both climate and product-wise)<br />
Transportation <strong>of</strong> fuels will become <strong>of</strong> increasing strategic importance. These challenges for exploitation<br />
necessitate the wide-spread use <strong>of</strong> new materials, both in terms <strong>of</strong> strength to weight ratio and corrosion<br />
resistance. With novel materials, or materials combinations, comes the requirement for reliable, enduring<br />
and cost-effective joining methods as the key enabling technologies for their successful introduction.<br />
IIW’s position as a worldwide expert network contributes significantly to the dissemination <strong>of</strong> relevant<br />
know-how and experience. Of particular relevance are: new developments in high-productivity arc welding,<br />
especially for pipelines; repair technologies; advanced manufacturing concepts; power beam and hybrid<br />
processes; and dissimilar materials joining. In addition to the needs and challenges for joining processes,<br />
there is the requirement for the safe through-life performance <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fshore structures. Hence, in this sector,<br />
improved weldability and life-long structural integrity <strong>of</strong> new high strength materials and welded advanced<br />
structures operating in extreme service conditions will continue to be key issues in future applications.<br />
9.1.1 Energy consumption and power generation<br />
The Exxon forecasts <strong>of</strong> the energy consumption per energy source (Figure 9.2) and region (Figure 9.3) and as<br />
well the development <strong>of</strong> light vehicle fleet (Figure 9.4) show a very high growth in Asia and specially in China.<br />
The economic drivers such as gross domestic product and population are the main ones.<br />
Oil and gas remain predominant<br />
Total energy Other energy Wind & solar<br />
MBDOE<br />
350<br />
80<br />
MBDOE<br />
4<br />
Average Growth / Yr<br />
2000 - 2030<br />
300<br />
1.6%<br />
11.1%<br />
60<br />
3<br />
250<br />
1.6%<br />
Wind & Solar<br />
200<br />
1.8%<br />
40<br />
2<br />
Other<br />
1.3%<br />
150<br />
Coal 1.8%<br />
Biomass,<br />
100<br />
12.4%<br />
20 MSW<br />
Gas<br />
1.9% 1<br />
50<br />
Hydro<br />
Oil 1.4%<br />
1.4%<br />
Wind<br />
9.5%<br />
Nuclear<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Solar<br />
1980 2005 2030 1980 2005 2030 1980 2005 2030<br />
Figure 9.2 Forecast <strong>of</strong> the energy consumption per energy source<br />
(Note: MBDOE stands for million barrels per day <strong>of</strong> oil equivalents)<br />
(Reproduced courtesy: ExxonMobil)<br />
1<br />
9<br />
S<br />
The energy demand will increase 50% by 2030. 80% <strong>of</strong> energy demand growth is forecast to be in non-OECD<br />
countries. Oil, gas and coal will remain predominant energy sources with roughly an 80% share <strong>of</strong> total<br />
energy. Wind power has a high annual growth 11.1% and it is attracting a lot <strong>of</strong> interest and very ambitious<br />
investments plans are set. There are experts, however, judging these as unrealistic. Instead, there are beliefs<br />
that investment in nuclear power will be more acceptable even with the recent problems in Japan. This will<br />
definitely result in increased demand for R&D in materials and processes to meet the stricter requirements<br />
for quality and safety.<br />
84 <strong>Improving</strong> <strong>Global</strong> <strong>Quality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong> Through Optimum Use and Innovation <strong>of</strong> Welding and Joining Technologies