Improving Global Quality of Life

9
Needs and challenges
of major industry sectors
for future applications
9.1 Energy sector .................................................................................................................................... 83
9.1.1 Energy consumption and power generation ............................................................................... 84
9.1.2 Power – Fossil ..................................................................................................................................... 86
9.1.3 Hot topics .......................................................................................................................................... 90
9.1.4 Power – Nuclear ................................................................................................................................ 90
9.1.5 Hot topics .......................................................................................................................................... 94
9.1.6 Power - Hydro .................................................................................................................................... 94
9.1.7 Hot topics .......................................................................................................................................... 95
9.1.8 Power - Renewable .......................................................................................................................... 96
9.1.9 Hot topics .......................................................................................................................................... 97
9.2 Manufacturing sector ...................................................................................................................... 97
9.2.1 Joining technology in the production process - Actual status and trends ............................... 97
9.2.2 Production using joining technology and economic viability .................................................... 98
9.2.3 Visions for joining technology optimised for processes .............................................................. 102
9.2.4 Production using joining technology and research ................................................................... 103
9.2.5 Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 103
9.3 Oil and gas sector .......................................................................................................................... 103
9.3.1 Offshore and onshore – Oil and gas ............................................................................................ 104
9.3.2 Hot Topics ........................................................................................................................................ 106
9.3.3 Hyperbaric welding ........................................................................................................................ 106
9.3.4 Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 107
9.4 Pipeline sector ................................................................................................................................ 107
9.4.1 Background..................................................................................................................................... 107
9.4.2 Technology trends .......................................................................................................................... 108
9.4.3 Natural and CO 2
gas pipelines ..................................................................................................... 109
9.4.4 Testing of pipes ............................................................................................................................... 110
9.4.5 Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 111
9.4.6 Emerging technologies .................................................................................................................. 111
9.5 Pressure equipment sector ............................................................................................................ 111
9.5.1 Future of the industry ..................................................................................................................... 112
9.5.2 Residual stress estimates for fi tness for service (FFS) ................................................................... 114
9.5.3 Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 115
9.6 Automotive sector .......................................................................................................................... 116
9.6.1 Industry trends ................................................................................................................................. 117
9.6.2 Materials development ................................................................................................................. 119
9.6.3 Welding processes and challenges ............................................................................................. 119
9.6.4 Hot topics ........................................................................................................................................ 120
9.7 Mining, minerals and materials processing sector ...................................................................... 120
Through Optimum Use and Innovation of Welding and Joining Technologies
Improving Global Quality of Life
81