Improving Global Quality of Life
Improving Global Quality of Life
Improving Global Quality of Life
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9. Needs and challenges <strong>of</strong> major industry sectors<br />
for future applications ...................................................................................................81<br />
9.1 Energy sector ..............................................................................................................83<br />
9.1.1 Energy consumption and power generation .........................................................84<br />
9.1.2 Power – Fossil ...............................................................................................................86<br />
9.1.3 Hot topics ....................................................................................................................90<br />
9.1.4 Power – Nuclear .........................................................................................................90<br />
9.1.5 Hot topics ....................................................................................................................94<br />
9.1.6 Power - Hydro ..............................................................................................................94<br />
9.1.7 Hot topics ....................................................................................................................95<br />
9.1.8 Power - Renewable ....................................................................................................96<br />
9.1.9 Hot topics ....................................................................................................................97<br />
9.2 Manufacturing sector ................................................................................................97<br />
9.2.1 Joining technology in the production process - Actual status and trends .........97<br />
9.2.2 Production using joining technology and economic viability ..............................98<br />
9.2.3 Visions for joining technology optimised for processes ........................................102<br />
9.2.4 Production using joining technology and research .............................................103<br />
9.2.5 Hot topics ..................................................................................................................103<br />
9.3 Oil and gas sector ....................................................................................................103<br />
9.3.1 Offshore and Onshore – Oil and gas .....................................................................104<br />
9.3.2 Hot Topics ..................................................................................................................106<br />
9.3.3 Hyperbaric welding .................................................................................................106<br />
9.3.4 Hot topics ..................................................................................................................107<br />
9.4 Pipeline sector ..........................................................................................................107<br />
9.4.1 Background ..............................................................................................................107<br />
9.4.2 Technology trends ....................................................................................................108<br />
9.4.3 Natural and CO 2<br />
gas pipelines ...............................................................................109<br />
9.4.4 Testing <strong>of</strong> pipes .........................................................................................................110<br />
9.4.5 Hot topics ..................................................................................................................111<br />
9.4.6 Emerging technologies............................................................................................111<br />
9.5 Pressure equipment sector ......................................................................................111<br />
9.5.1 Future <strong>of</strong> the industry ...............................................................................................112<br />
9.5.2 Residual stress estimates for fi tness for service (FFS) .............................................114<br />
9.5.3 Hot topics ..................................................................................................................115<br />
9.6 Automotive sector ....................................................................................................116<br />
9.6.1 Industry trends ..........................................................................................................117<br />
9.6.2 Materials development ...........................................................................................119<br />
Through Optimum Use and Innovation <strong>of</strong> Welding and Joining Technologies<br />
<strong>Improving</strong> <strong>Global</strong> <strong>Quality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong><br />
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