Improving Global Quality of Life

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6.3 Job, skill, career and competence developments ................................................56 6.4 Communication and information technologies .....................................................57 6.4.1 Training, education, qualifi cation and certifi cation ...............................................57 6.4.2 Use of IT and communication technologies ...........................................................59 6.5 Strategies to meet challenges in human and material resources, demographic developments ...................................................................................60 7. Needs and challenges in legal codes, rules and standardisation .........61 7.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................62 7.2 Background ................................................................................................................62 7.3 Currentposition with laws, standards and technical knowledge .........................63 7.3.1 Laws .............................................................................................................................63 7.3.2 Standards ....................................................................................................................63 7.3.3 IIW source of technical knowledge .........................................................................64 7.3.4 IIW help for developing nations ................................................................................65 7.4 Needs in laws, standards and technical information .............................................65 7.4.1 Welding Industry involvement ...................................................................................65 7.4.2 Optimum laws .............................................................................................................66 7.4.3 Conformity assessment ..............................................................................................66 7.4.4 Material standards and grouping ............................................................................67 7.4.5 Welding industry roles ................................................................................................68 7.4.6 Up-to-date consistent laws, regulations, codes of practice and standards .......68 7.4.7 Management systems ...............................................................................................68 7.4.8 Non-conformances ....................................................................................................69 7.4.9 Strategies for unifi ed standards ................................................................................69 7.4.10 Challenges in laws, standards and technical information ....................................70 7.4.11 Strategies to meet needs &challenges in laws, standards & technical information ................................................................................................71 8. Needs and challenges for global communication ........................................73 8.1 International networks and IIW .................................................................................74 8.2 Technology diffusion strategies to meet challenges to be “world centre” of knowledge, innovation and best practice in welding and joining ..................75 8.2.1 IIW Member Societies ................................................................................................75 8.2.2 Key Actions and Activities in Technology Diffusion .................................................76 8.2.3 IIW WeldCare Programme ........................................................................................78 VIII Improving Global Quality of Life Through Optimum Use and Innovation of Welding and Joining Technologies
9. Needs and challenges of major industry sectors for future applications ...................................................................................................81 9.1 Energy sector ..............................................................................................................83 9.1.1 Energy consumption and power generation .........................................................84 9.1.2 Power – Fossil ...............................................................................................................86 9.1.3 Hot topics ....................................................................................................................90 9.1.4 Power – Nuclear .........................................................................................................90 9.1.5 Hot topics ....................................................................................................................94 9.1.6 Power - Hydro ..............................................................................................................94 9.1.7 Hot topics ....................................................................................................................95 9.1.8 Power - Renewable ....................................................................................................96 9.1.9 Hot topics ....................................................................................................................97 9.2 Manufacturing sector ................................................................................................97 9.2.1 Joining technology in the production process - Actual status and trends .........97 9.2.2 Production using joining technology and economic viability ..............................98 9.2.3 Visions for joining technology optimised for processes ........................................102 9.2.4 Production using joining technology and research .............................................103 9.2.5 Hot topics ..................................................................................................................103 9.3 Oil and gas sector ....................................................................................................103 9.3.1 Offshore and Onshore – Oil and gas .....................................................................104 9.3.2 Hot Topics ..................................................................................................................106 9.3.3 Hyperbaric welding .................................................................................................106 9.3.4 Hot topics ..................................................................................................................107 9.4 Pipeline sector ..........................................................................................................107 9.4.1 Background ..............................................................................................................107 9.4.2 Technology trends ....................................................................................................108 9.4.3 Natural and CO 2 gas pipelines ...............................................................................109 9.4.4 Testing of pipes .........................................................................................................110 9.4.5 Hot topics ..................................................................................................................111 9.4.6 Emerging technologies............................................................................................111 9.5 Pressure equipment sector ......................................................................................111 9.5.1 Future of the industry ...............................................................................................112 9.5.2 Residual stress estimates for fi tness for service (FFS) .............................................114 9.5.3 Hot topics ..................................................................................................................115 9.6 Automotive sector ....................................................................................................116 9.6.1 Industry trends ..........................................................................................................117 9.6.2 Materials development ...........................................................................................119 Through Optimum Use and Innovation of Welding and Joining Technologies Improving Global Quality of Life IX
Page 1 and 2: Improving Global Quality of Life Th
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Dr Baldev Raj Mr Chris Sma
Page 5 and 6: In alphabetical order (Continued) D
Page 10 and 11: 9.6.3 Welding processes and challen
Page 12 and 13: Executive summary “ Welding is an
Page 14 and 15: Editors’ Preface Improving Global
Page 16 and 17: Scope and objectives 1 an important
Page 18 and 19: Welding industry 2.in the world 2.1
Page 20 and 21: 2.2 Today’s welding industry and
Page 22 and 23: 2 Welding industry in the world IIW
Page 24 and 25: 3.welding Signifi cance of and join
Page 26 and 27: 3.3 Welding and joining in sustaina
Page 28 and 29: An example of the value of welding
Page 30 and 31: 16 Improving Global Quality of Life
Page 32 and 33: 4. Needs and challenges in welding
Page 34 and 35: Welding thick walled steel componen
Page 36 and 37: The trend towards light-weight desi
Page 38 and 39: Up-to-date, titanium alloys have be
Page 40 and 41: Needs for weight reduction in aircr
Page 42 and 43: Finally, testing of welds will be e
Page 44 and 45: As another most important item, the
Page 46 and 47: In order to make the developments i
Page 48 and 49: Reduction and/or elimination of dis
Page 50 and 51: 5. Needs and challenges in welding
Page 52 and 53: The productivity in EB welding has
Page 54 and 55: The potential applications are for
Page 56 and 57: 5.2 Higher automation, productivity
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In submerged arc welding one can re
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From a practical perspective, the n
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Acceptance levels are not included
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5.5 NDT and structural health monit
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IIW can help companies to get their
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6. Needs and challenges in health,
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welder against Cr6 is a very import
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is considerable national concern fo
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important in meeting needs with res
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7. Legal codes, rules and standardi
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In national or regional legal codes
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7.4.2 Optimum laws Laws applying in
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IIW needs to help ISO and others cl
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structures. It is unlikely in the s
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72 Improving Global Quality of Life
Page 88 and 89:
8. Needs and challenges for global
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infrastructure to develop multiple
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Table 8.1 Key actions and key activ
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80 Improving Global Quality of Life
Page 96 and 97:
9.7.1 Hot topics ..................
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New discoveries tend to be in deepw
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Proved reserves at end 2004 Trillio
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easily weldable, the life expectanc
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9.1.3 Hot topics Reducing negative
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Following these codes assures initi
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9.1.5 Hot topics Development and up
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9.1.8 Power - Renewable Rising fuel
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9.2.2 Production using joining tech
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still sometimes an unanswered quest
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2. To an increasing extent, joining
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nature and not specifically related
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9.3.2 Hot Topics The following issu
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industry have resulted in the need
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technology based on the existing pi
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general investment climate, includi
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10 000 Eq. SS range, MPa 1000 100 1
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Globalisation: PEI is operating in
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At the same time as automakers are
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On the other hand, when looking at
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9.7.2 Welding in the minerals proce
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Finland Poland Rest of the world Cr
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This situation is unsatisfactory an
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implementation of smart systems. In
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9.9.2 Hot topics Raising and enforc
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9.10.2 Welding industry role As des
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While items and directions may vary
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9.11.2 Hot topics In spite of these
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9.13.2 Preheat Preheating is carrie
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The electronic products industry se
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Portable power: In the Portable Pow
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the HRI report which accounted for
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9.16.2 Joining live tissues and coa
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(material removal, welding, surface
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Furthermore, in the field of dissim
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9.20 Small and medium enterprises
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and assessment. Multi-material desi
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0. Short, medium and long-term stra
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10.3.2 Typical hot topics In the me
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10.4 Long-term strategic agenda IIW
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162 Improving Global Quality of Lif
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[16] Mayr P et al., “Long-term cr
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IIW White Paper - Edition 2012 ISBN
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Improving Global Quality of Life

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