Improving Global Quality of Life
Improving Global Quality of Life
Improving Global Quality of Life
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5 Needs and challenges in welding and joining technologies<br />
Figure 5.5 Schematic showing the coupling<br />
<strong>of</strong> the laser beam with the tandem process<br />
(Reproduced courtesy: Fronius)<br />
Meyer Shipyard in Germany is the first in the world to have a panel line with 4 CO 2<br />
lasers each <strong>of</strong> 12 kW,<br />
welding large ship panels with up to 20 stiffeners <strong>of</strong> 20 meters long. The Laser Hybrid MIG Process produces<br />
about 50% <strong>of</strong> the welding seams. Lately, very promising test results with fibre lasers (Figure 5.6 and<br />
Figure 5.7) by Precitec KG in Germany have been realised. Currently, the high initial investment is the<br />
main obstacle against a laser installation. Additionally there are several types <strong>of</strong> laser sources CO 2-<br />
, YAG-,<br />
Direct Diode-, Disc- and Fibre-lasers to choose from. Many experts judge the Fibre laser to have the highest<br />
potential. Independent <strong>of</strong> laser type the market growth will be a two-digit figure during the coming years.<br />
(Reproduced courtesy: B. Pekkari)<br />
Figure 5.6 Laser weld, single pass, butt joint<br />
pipeline steel X70, t = 12 mm, laser power<br />
10.2 kW, Welding speed 2.2 m/min<br />
Figure 5.7 Laser hybrid weld, single pass,<br />
Al 6008, t = 8 mm extruded pr<strong>of</strong>ile, laser<br />
power 10.5 kW, Welding speed 8 m/min<br />
5.1.5 Friction Stir Welding (FSW)<br />
FSW process, which was invented in 1991 at TWI, is attracting increasing interest and hence many research<br />
institutes are conducting research in FSW with over 60 FSW installations recently installed. About the<br />
same number are running in regular production. The Swedish Al-company SAPA has 7 FSW installations.<br />
The research area is illustrated in Figure 5.8. TWI has invested in the largest FSW machine “POWERSTIR”<br />
in the world, in “PRECISION SPINDLE FSW MACHINE” and “ABB-FSW-ROBOT” to develop the process further.<br />
So far results achieved are:<br />
Single sided linear welds up to 75 mm section in 6082 T6<br />
Pipe girth welding up to 32 mm in Al-7000<br />
Run-<strong>of</strong>f tab technology<br />
Steel thickness <strong>of</strong> 6 mm, 10 meters welded with v=100 mm/min with one tool in USA<br />
Welded samples <strong>of</strong> Inconel 600 and Zircalloy 4<br />
Through Optimum Use and Innovation <strong>of</strong> Welding and Joining Technologies<br />
<strong>Improving</strong> <strong>Global</strong> <strong>Quality</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Life</strong><br />
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