Improving Global Quality of Life

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[16] Mayr P et al., “Long-term creep behaviour of E911 heat resistant 9% Cr steel weldments fabricated with filler metals of different creep strength”, in 8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures, San Antonio, PVP2007-26713, ASME, 2007. [17] Kondo M et al., “Suppressing type IV failure via modification of HAZ microstructures using high boron content in 9Cr heat resistant steel welded joints”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2006 11(2) 216-223. [18] Mayr P and Cerjak H, “The HAZ of boron alloyed creep resistant 9% chromium steels and their susceptibility to Type IV cracking”, in 5th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants, EPRI, Marco Island, October 2007. [19] DebRoy T, Zhao H, Zhang W and Roy G G, 6th Int. Seminar “Numerical Analysis of Weldability“, Graz - Seggau, Austria, 1-3 Oct 2001. [20] Colegrove P, Shercliff H, Robson J, Kamp N, Sullivan A and Williams S, 8th International Seminar “Numerical Analysis of Weldability“, Graz - Seggau, Austria, 25-27 Sept 2006. [21] Pavlyk V, Mokrov O and Dilthey U, 8th International Seminar “Numerical Analysis of Weldability“, Graz - Seggau, Austria, 25-27 Sept 2006. [22] Kozeschnik E and Buchmayr B, “MatCalc - A simulation tool for multicomponent thermodynamics, diffusion and phase transformations”, in Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena 5, Editors. H. Cerjak and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, IOM Communications, London, book 738, 2001, 349-361. [23] “MD&D: A Global Market Perspective”, Medtech Insight, April 2006. Volume 8 (No. 4). [24] Dunn, B., “Market Opportunities in Outsourcing”, in Medical Product Outsourcing. July/August 2007. [25] “No Bones About It: Growth Remains”, Orthopedic Design & Technology, July/ August 2007. [26] Peters, D., “Global Market for Electronics Slated for High Growth Through 2012 According to BCC Research”. Yahoo! Finance, 2007. [27] “NanoMarket Sees Disposable Electronics at $26.2 billion by 2015”. Surface Mount Technology, 2007. [28] “$26.2 Bn Disposable Electronics Market 2015”. Evertiq New Media AB., 2007. [29] Cerjak H, “Basic Aspects of Weldability of Engineering Materials” in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference, “Trends in Welding Research” 15-19 April 2002, Pine Mountain, p 542. [30] Cerjak H, Enzinger N (editors), Proceedings of “High Strength Steels for Hydropower Plants”, 5-6 July 2005, Graz. [31] Smallbone C, “Welding in the world and the future”, Indian Welding Journal 2011. [32] Smallbone C, “The OzWeld Technology Support Centres Network: A Unique Model for Technology Innovation by Industry” in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference, “Trends in Welding Research” 15-19 April 2002, Pine Mountain. 164 Improving Global Quality of Life Through Optimum Use and Innovation of Welding and Joining Technologies
IIW INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WELDING Australia Hungary Morocco Singapore Austria India Netherlands Slovakia Belgium Indonesia New Zealand Slovenia Brazil Iran Nigeria South Africa Bulgaria Israel Norway Spain Canada Italy Pakistan Sweden Croatia Japan P. R. China Switzerland Czech Republic Kazakhstan Peru Thailand Denmark Lebanon Poland Tunisia Egypt Libya Portugal Turkey Finland Lithuania Republic of Korea Ukraine France Macedonia (FYRM) Romania United Kingdom Germany Malaysia Russian Federation USA Greece Mexico Serbia Vietnam www.iiwelding.org 165
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Improving Global Quality of Life Th
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Foreword Dr Baldev Raj Mr Chris Sma
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In alphabetical order (Continued) D
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6.3 Job, skill, career and competen
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9.6.3 Welding processes and challen
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Executive summary “ Welding is an
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Editors’ Preface Improving Global
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Scope and objectives 1 an important
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Welding industry 2.in the world 2.1
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2.2 Today’s welding industry and
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2 Welding industry in the world IIW
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3.welding Signifi cance of and join
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3.3 Welding and joining in sustaina
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An example of the value of welding
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16 Improving Global Quality of Life
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4. Needs and challenges in welding
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Welding thick walled steel componen
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The trend towards light-weight desi
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Up-to-date, titanium alloys have be
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Needs for weight reduction in aircr
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Finally, testing of welds will be e
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As another most important item, the
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In order to make the developments i
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Reduction and/or elimination of dis
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5. Needs and challenges in welding
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The productivity in EB welding has
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The potential applications are for
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5.2 Higher automation, productivity
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In submerged arc welding one can re
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From a practical perspective, the n
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Acceptance levels are not included
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5.5 NDT and structural health monit
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IIW can help companies to get their
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6. Needs and challenges in health,
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welder against Cr6 is a very import
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is considerable national concern fo
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important in meeting needs with res
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7. Legal codes, rules and standardi
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In national or regional legal codes
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7.4.2 Optimum laws Laws applying in
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IIW needs to help ISO and others cl
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structures. It is unlikely in the s
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8. Needs and challenges for global
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infrastructure to develop multiple
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Table 8.1 Key actions and key activ
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9.7.1 Hot topics ..................
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New discoveries tend to be in deepw
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Proved reserves at end 2004 Trillio
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easily weldable, the life expectanc
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9.1.3 Hot topics Reducing negative
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Following these codes assures initi
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9.1.5 Hot topics Development and up
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9.1.8 Power - Renewable Rising fuel
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9.2.2 Production using joining tech
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still sometimes an unanswered quest
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2. To an increasing extent, joining
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nature and not specifically related
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9.3.2 Hot Topics The following issu
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industry have resulted in the need
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technology based on the existing pi
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general investment climate, includi
Page 128 and 129: 10 000 Eq. SS range, MPa 1000 100 1
Page 130 and 131: Globalisation: PEI is operating in
Page 132 and 133: At the same time as automakers are
Page 134 and 135: On the other hand, when looking at
Page 136 and 137: 9.7.2 Welding in the minerals proce
Page 138 and 139: Finland Poland Rest of the world Cr
Page 140 and 141: This situation is unsatisfactory an
Page 142 and 143: implementation of smart systems. In
Page 144 and 145: 9.9.2 Hot topics Raising and enforc
Page 146 and 147: 9.10.2 Welding industry role As des
Page 148 and 149: While items and directions may vary
Page 150 and 151: 9.11.2 Hot topics In spite of these
Page 152 and 153: 9.13.2 Preheat Preheating is carrie
Page 154 and 155: The electronic products industry se
Page 156 and 157: Portable power: In the Portable Pow
Page 158 and 159: the HRI report which accounted for
Page 160 and 161: 9.16.2 Joining live tissues and coa
Page 162 and 163: (material removal, welding, surface
Page 164 and 165: Furthermore, in the field of dissim
Page 166 and 167: 9.20 Small and medium enterprises
Page 168 and 169: and assessment. Multi-material desi
Page 170 and 171: 0. Short, medium and long-term stra
Page 172 and 173: 10.3.2 Typical hot topics In the me
Page 174 and 175: 10.4 Long-term strategic agenda IIW
Page 176 and 177: 162 Improving Global Quality of Lif
Page 180: IIW White Paper - Edition 2012 ISBN
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