Improving Global Quality of Life

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and assessment. Multi-material design of welded structures can be considered as a key technology for the future. Respective IIW Working Units have already responded to this development. Many of the high performance stainless steel, nickel base alloy and aluminium base alloy filler metals are sensitive to solidification cracking, liquation cracking and/or ductility dip cracking. Understanding of these various forms of “hot cracking” is still largely incomplete, which limits application of these alloys. The International Institute of Welding has provided, and continues to provide, a major resource for attacking these problems. The IIW pioneered both the measurement of diffusible hydrogen in welds and in understanding of the phenomenon of hydrogen induced cracking. Indeed, the international standard for measurement of diffusible hydrogen, ISO 3690, is a direct product of the collaboration of experts within IIW Commission II. Likewise, ISO TR 17844 Welding – Comparison of standardised methods for the avoidance of cold cracks provides guidance on selection of pre-heat temperatures for various conditions of restraint and various levels of diffusible hydrogen. The weld shrinkage restraint influences the cold cracking susceptibility of a joint by a respective stress increase and also changes the hot cracking tendency. A challenge for the IIW in future will be to transfer the knowledge about shrinkage restraint effects to respective weldability and cracking tests, in order to develop more realistic weldability testing procedures. This would represent a major step forward to reach the final goal of a consistent transfer of the results from laboratory weldability tests to real components and vice versa. 154 Improving Global Quality of Life Through Optimum Use and Innovation of Welding and Joining Technologies
10 Short, medium and longterm strategic agendas of the world of welding and joining technology 10.1 Objectives of Strategic Agendas (SAs)........................................................................156 10.2 Short-term Strategic Agendas ......................................................................................156 10.3 Medium-term Strategic Agenda ..................................................................................157 10.3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................157 10.3.2 Typical hot topics ............................................................................................................158 10.3.3 Co-operation, competition and help ...........................................................................158 10.3.4 Improve communication ...............................................................................................158 10.3.5 Global welding knowledge system ..............................................................................158 10.3.6 Conformity assessment or compliance .......................................................................158 10.3.7 Research and Development and Innovation .............................................................159 10.3.8 Education, training, qualifi cation and certifi cation (ETQ&C) ....................................159 10.3.9 Standards ........................................................................................................................159 10.3.10 OHS and environment ....................................................................................................159 10.4 Long-term Strategic Agenda ........................................................................................160 10.4.1 Essential infrastructure and resources ..........................................................................160 10.4.2 Laws and government ...................................................................................................160 10.5 Human Factors ................................................................................................................160 10.6 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................161 10.7 Improvement ...................................................................................................................161 Through Optimum Use and Innovation of Welding and Joining Technologies Improving Global Quality of Life 155
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Improving Global Quality of Life Th
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Foreword Dr Baldev Raj Mr Chris Sma
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In alphabetical order (Continued) D
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6.3 Job, skill, career and competen
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9.6.3 Welding processes and challen
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Executive summary “ Welding is an
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Editors’ Preface Improving Global
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Scope and objectives 1 an important
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Welding industry 2.in the world 2.1
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2.2 Today’s welding industry and
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2 Welding industry in the world IIW
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3.welding Signifi cance of and join
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3.3 Welding and joining in sustaina
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An example of the value of welding
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16 Improving Global Quality of Life
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4. Needs and challenges in welding
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Welding thick walled steel componen
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The trend towards light-weight desi
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Up-to-date, titanium alloys have be
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Needs for weight reduction in aircr
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Finally, testing of welds will be e
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As another most important item, the
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In order to make the developments i
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Reduction and/or elimination of dis
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5. Needs and challenges in welding
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The productivity in EB welding has
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The potential applications are for
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5.2 Higher automation, productivity
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In submerged arc welding one can re
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From a practical perspective, the n
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Acceptance levels are not included
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5.5 NDT and structural health monit
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IIW can help companies to get their
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6. Needs and challenges in health,
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welder against Cr6 is a very import
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is considerable national concern fo
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important in meeting needs with res
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7. Legal codes, rules and standardi
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In national or regional legal codes
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7.4.2 Optimum laws Laws applying in
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IIW needs to help ISO and others cl
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structures. It is unlikely in the s
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8. Needs and challenges for global
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infrastructure to develop multiple
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Table 8.1 Key actions and key activ
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9.7.1 Hot topics ..................
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New discoveries tend to be in deepw
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Proved reserves at end 2004 Trillio
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easily weldable, the life expectanc
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9.1.3 Hot topics Reducing negative
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Following these codes assures initi
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9.1.5 Hot topics Development and up
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9.1.8 Power - Renewable Rising fuel
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9.2.2 Production using joining tech
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still sometimes an unanswered quest
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2. To an increasing extent, joining
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Page 120 and 121: 9.3.2 Hot Topics The following issu
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Page 124 and 125: technology based on the existing pi
Page 126 and 127: general investment climate, includi
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Page 130 and 131: Globalisation: PEI is operating in
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Page 134 and 135: On the other hand, when looking at
Page 136 and 137: 9.7.2 Welding in the minerals proce
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Page 142 and 143: implementation of smart systems. In
Page 144 and 145: 9.9.2 Hot topics Raising and enforc
Page 146 and 147: 9.10.2 Welding industry role As des
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Page 150 and 151: 9.11.2 Hot topics In spite of these
Page 152 and 153: 9.13.2 Preheat Preheating is carrie
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Page 156 and 157: Portable power: In the Portable Pow
Page 158 and 159: the HRI report which accounted for
Page 160 and 161: 9.16.2 Joining live tissues and coa
Page 162 and 163: (material removal, welding, surface
Page 164 and 165: Furthermore, in the field of dissim
Page 166 and 167: 9.20 Small and medium enterprises
Page 170 and 171: 0. Short, medium and long-term stra
Page 172 and 173: 10.3.2 Typical hot topics In the me
Page 174 and 175: 10.4 Long-term strategic agenda IIW
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Page 178 and 179: [16] Mayr P et al., “Long-term cr
Page 180: IIW White Paper - Edition 2012 ISBN
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