Norway's list of Art 13 Health Claims internett - Mattilsynet

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
References
Example of wording
MICRONUTRIENTS
VITAMINS
All vitamins and minerals Multivitamin supplementation to sustain vitality while aging Only for dietary supplements in form of multivitamin/ mineral textbook 1) Fairfield, K.M. and Fletcher, R.H. (2002) Vitamins for
chronic disease prevention in adults. JAMA 287, 3116-3126;
2) Fletcher, R.H. and Fairfield, K.M. (2002) Vitamins for
chronic disease prevention in adults. JAMA 287, 3127-3129;
3) Institute of Medicine (1997) Dietary reference intakes
for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and
Fluoride. Institute of medicine. National Academic Press,
Washington D.C.; 4) Institute of Medicine (1998) Dietary
Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6
Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline.
National Academy Press, Washington D.C.; 5) Institute of
Medicine (2000) Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C,
Vitamins and minerals are essential to sutstain physical and
mental vitality while ageing
vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids. National Academic Press,
Washington D.C.; 6) Institute of Medicine (2001) Dietary
reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic,
boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese,
molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and.... National
Academic Press, Washington D.C.
All vitamins and minerals Vitamins and minerals during pregnancy and lactation only for multivitamins/ minerals with at least 400 µg folic acid studies Czeizel AE. Periconceptional folic acid containing multivitaminMultivitamin/mineral supplement with folic acid is
supplementation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol recommended to meet the increased needs during pregnancy
1998;78:151-61. Black RE, Micronutrients in pregnancy, B J and lactation
Nutr, 85, Suppl 2, S193-S197, 2001
All vitamins, minerals and trace-elements
General situations and conditions compromising the
physiological vitamin and mineral status
Only for dietary supplements in form of multivitamin/ mineral textbook, studies
1) K.-H. Bässler, I. Golly, D. Loew and K. Pietrzik. Vitamin- Supplementation with vitamins and minerals is recommended
Lexikon. Urban & Fisher Verlag München - Jena 2002; 2) W. in the case of:
Bayer and K. Schmidt. Vitamine in Prävention und Therapie. - lack of appetite, unbalanced food and poor diet
Hippolrates Verlag Stuttgart 1991
- physical and mental efforts (stress)
- during convalescence and recovery from illnes
All vitamins, minerals and trace-elements Multivitamins and weight management Only for dietary supplements in form of multivitamin/ mineral textbook, Studies 1) K.-H. Bässler, I. Golly, D. Loew and K. Pietrzik. Vitamin- Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended for
Lexikon. Urban & Fisher Verlag München - Jena 2002; 2) W. people on a diet
Bayer and K. Schmidt. Vitamine in Prävention und Therapie.
Hippolrates Verlag Stuttgart 1991 3) Carbajal, A.; Nunez, C.;
and Moreiras, O. (1996) Energy intake as a determinant factor
of vitamin status in healthy young women. Internat J Vit Nutr
Res 66, 227-231 4) Manore, M.M. (1996) Chronic dieting in
active women: what are the health consequences? Women’s
Health Issues 6(6), 332-341 5) US Department of Agriculture
(2001) White Paper: popular Weight Loss Diets, Executive
Summary, January 10, 2001 (downloaded from
http://www.nutrition.gov) 6) Van Dale, D.; Schrijver, J. and
Saris, W.H. (1990) Changes in vitamin status in plasma during
dieting and exercise. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 60(1), 67-74
All vitamins, minerals and trace-elements The role of vitamins and minerals in growth and development Only for dietary supplements in form of multivitamin/ mineral textbook, studies 1) Heird W.C. (1999) Nutrional requirements during infancy. Vitamins and minerals are essential for the normal physical and
In Shils M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): mental development
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition.
Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp 839-855; 2) Heird W.C.
(2001) Nutritional requirements during infancy. In: Bowman,
B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge in Nutrition, 8th
edition. Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 38, pp 416-425);
3) Heald F. P. and Gong E. J. (1999) Diet, Nutrition, and
Adolescence. In Shils M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross,
A.C. (eds): Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th
edition. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp 857-866;
Vitamin A: Beta Carotene Anitoxidants and aging Studies 1/ Stahl W et al. Physical quenching of singlet oxygen
and cis-trans isomerization of carotenoids. Ann N Y
Acad Sci 1993; 691: 10-9.
2/ Eichler O et al. Divergent optimum levels of lycopene,
beta-carotene and lutein protecting against UVB
irradiation in human fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol.
2002 May; 75(5): 503-6. (from CIAA list)
Antioxidant vitamins and minerals act against age-accelerating
free radicals
Vitamin A The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc
National Academic Press, Washington, 2001
1 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Vitamin A The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies See reference list company 2 Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
defenses
Vitamin A
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least textbook, studies See reference list company 2 Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status 100 % RDA
Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is required for growth and bone development,
vision, reproduction, and for differentiation and
maintenance of epithelial tissue. Retinol is also required
as a cofactor in the glycosylation of glycoproteins.
Vitamin A may enhance the function of the immune
system.
• Nordic Council of Ministers Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004, 4th ed.: 229 • Vitamin A is essential for the sight and the eye’s
conjunctiva.
• Vitamin A is important for skin and mucous membrane.
• Vitamin A reinforces the body’s immune system.
B-vitamins Metabolism Authoritative bodies Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004. 4th ed.
Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Nord 2004:13.
Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2004.
B-vitamins
...necessary for energy metabolism and neural
development and function.
• B-vitamins are important for metabolism
Must at least be a source of B-vitamins as per annex to General textbooks B-vitamins are needed to utilise energy from food
Regulatin 1924/2006 for B1, B2, Niacin and B 6 B-vitamins helps keeping the nervous system work
properly
B vitamins (Riboflavin (B2), Niacin, Pyridoxine (B6), vitamin Supplementation with vitamins and minerals and stress related Only for combinations of noted water-soluble vitamins, with at Studies See reference list company 2 Supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, calcium,
B12, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, Folic Acid), vitamin C, calcium symptoms
magnesium and zinc
least 100% RDA, plus minerals and zinc
magnesium and zinc helps to reduce the risk for stress related
symptoms / helps to manage stress
B vitamins and Antioxidant Micronutrients (Vitamins C, E,
selenium and zinc)
Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine
for multivitamin/ minerals with the combination of the noted
micronutrients
Studies
1) Ball, L.J. and Birge, S.J. (2002) Prevention of brain aging Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommendedin the
and dementia. Clin. Ger. Med. 18, 485-503; 2) Ferrari, C.K.B. case of age related memory decine
and Torres, E.A.F.S. (2003) Biochemical pharmacology of
functional foods and prevention of chronic diseases of aging.
Biomed. Pharmacother. 57, 251-260
Biotin The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism /
transformation of food into physiological energy
Authoritative body JHCI, NHPD B-vitamins and vitamin C are essential for the energy
metabolism / the transfomation of food into energy
Biotin
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. Institute of medicine. inadequate micro-nutrient status
National Academic Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A.
(1999a) Vitamins, in Sports Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky
I. ed, CRC Press 3) Bässler, K.H. (1992) Vitaminbedarf
unter besonderen physiologischen und pathologischen
bedingungen, VitaMinSpur 4, 176-180 4) Marcus, R. and
Coulston, A.M. (1996b) Water-soluble vitamins. In:
Hardman, J.G.; Limbird, L.E.; Molinoff, P.B.; Ruddon,
R.W. and Goodman Gilman, A. eds. Goodman and
Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics,
ninth edition. McGraw-Hill Inc., pp 1555-1572 5) Depeint,
F.; Bruce, W.R.; Shangari, N.; Mehta, R. and O’Brien,
P.J. (2006a) Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of
the B-vitamin family on mitochondrial energy
metabolism. Chemico-Biol. Inter. (in press)
Biotin The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 2003
Biotin
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Biotin In Dietary Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, essential for mental function and performance
Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid,
Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press,
Washington D.C, chapter 11, pp 374-389 2) Huskisson
et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 3) Mock, D.M. (1999) Biotin In: Shils,
M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds):
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition.
Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp 459-466 4) Mock, D.M.
(2001) Biotin In Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick,
D.B., Machlin, L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3rd ed,
revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York,
chapter 11, pp 397-426 4) 8753. 5) Zempleni, J (2001)
Biotin In Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present
knowledge in Nutrition, 8th edition. Washington, DC, ILSI
Press, chapter 23, pp 241-252
2 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

Biotin
Food or Food
Component
NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
References
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.; Suter, M. and
Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral multivitamin
combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc on
psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers: a
double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225 3) Benton, D.; Fordy, J. and Haller, J.
(1995a) The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on
cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacol. 117(3), 298-305 4)
Benton, D.; Haller, J. and Fordy, J. (1995a) Vitamin
supplementation for 1 year improves mood.
Neuropsychobiology 3, 98-105
Example of wording
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
Folate necessary for neural tybe development > 60 µg/100 g (= 15% of 400 µg) General textbooks Folate is necessary for normal development of the
foetus
Folate + Vitamin B12 necessary to maintain normal levels of homocystein >30 µg/100 g Meta-analysis See reference list company 7 necessary to maintain normal levels of homocystein
Folic Acid The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism /
transformation of food into physiological energy
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Folate In Dietary Reference B-vitamins and vitamin C are essential for the energy
Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, metabolism / the transfomation of food into energy
Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National
Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 8, pp 196-305 2)
Herbert, V. (1999) Folic acid In Shils, M.E.; Olson, J.A.;
Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern Nutrition in Health
and Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp
433-446 3) Brody, T. and Shane, B. (2001) Folic acid In
Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick, D.B., Machlin, L.J.
(eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3rd ed, revised and expanded.
Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, chapter 12, pp 427-462 4)
Bailey, L.B.; Moyers, S. and Gregory, J.F. III (2001) Folate In
Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge in
Nutrition, 8th edition. Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 21,
pp 214-229 5) Driskell, J. A. (1999a) Vitamins, in Sports
Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press
Folic Acid
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Folate In Dietary Reference Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, essential for mental function and performance
Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National
Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 8, pp 196-305 2)
Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 3) Herbert, V. (1999) Folic acid In Shils,
M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern
Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore;
Williams & Wilkins, pp 433-446 4) Brody, T. and Shane, B.
(2001) Folic acid In Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick,
D.B., Machlin, L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3rd ed,
revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, chapter
12, pp 427-462 5) Bailey, L.B.; Moyers, S. and Gregory, J.F.
III (2001) Folate In Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present
knowledge in Nutrition, 8th edition. Washington, DC, ILSI
Press, chapter 21, pp 214-229 6) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins
and Brain Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and
Prasad, C. (eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, 207-233
Folic Acid
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins and Brain
Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and Prasad, C.
(eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 207-
233 3) Heseker, H.; Kübler, W.; Pudel, V. and Westenhöfer, J
(1995) Interaction of vitamins with mental performance. Bibl
Nutr Dieta. Basel: Karger 52, 43-55 4) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.;
Suter, M. and Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral
multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc
on psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers:
a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225 5) Benton, D.; Fordy, J. and Haller, J.
(1995a) The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on
cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacol. 117(3), 298-305 6)
Benton, D.; Haller, J. and Fordy, J. (1995a) Vitamin
supplementation for 1 year improves mood.
Neuropsychobiology 3, 98-105
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
3 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Folic Acid Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine studies 1) Corrada M, Kawas C, Hallfrisch J, Muller D, Brookmeyer R Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended in the
(2005) Reduced Risk of Adlzheimer's Disease with High Folatecase of age related memory decine
Intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.
Alzheimer's and Dementia 1, 11-18 2) Durga, J.; van Boxtel,
M.P.J.; Schouten, E.G.; Kok, F.J; Jolles, J.; Katan, M.B.
and Verhoef, P. (2006) Effect of 3-year folic acid
supplementation on cognitive function in older adults. A
randomized controlled trial Lancet (in press) 3) Hassing,
L.; Wahlin, A.; Winblad, D. and Bäckman, L. (1999)
Further evidence on the effects of vitamin B12 and folate
levels on episodic memory functioning: a population
based study on healthy very old adults. Biology
Psychiatry 45, 1472-1480 4) Mattson, M.P.; Kruman, I.I.
and Duan, W. (2002) Folic acid and homocysteine in
age-related disease. Ageing Research Reviews 1, 95-
111 5) Lindeman, R.D.; Romero, L.J.; Koehler, K.M.;
Liang, H.C.; La Rue, A.; Baumgartner, R.N. and Garry,
P.J. (2000) Serum vitamin B12, C and folate
concentrations in the New Mexico Elder Health Survey:
correlations with cognitive and affective functions. J. Am.
Folic Acid
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Folate In Dietary Reference Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National inadequate micro-nutrient status
Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 8, pp 196-305 2)
Herbert, V. (1999) Folic acid In Shils, M.E.; Olson, J.A.;
Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern Nutrition in Health
and Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp
433-446 3) Brody, T. and Shane, B. (2001) Folic acid In
Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick, D.B., Machlin, L.J.
(eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3rd ed, revised and expanded.
Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, chapter 12, pp 427-462 4)
Bailey, L.B.; Moyers, S. and Gregory, J.F. III (2001) Folate In
Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge in
Nutrition, 8th edition. Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 21,
pp 214-229 5) Driskell, J. A. (1999a) Vitamins, in Sports
Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press
Folic Acid The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 2005
Folic Acid The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies 1) Courtemanche C, Huang AC, Elson-Schwab I, Kerry N, Ng Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
BY, Ames BN: Folate deficiency and ionizing radiation cause Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
DNA breaks in primary human lymphocytes: a comparison. defenses
FASEB J 2004a;18:209-232 2) Courtemanche C, Elson-
Schwab I, Mashiyama ST, Kerry N, Ames BN: Folated
deficiency inhibits the proliferation of primary human CD8 + T
lymphocytes in vitro. J Immunol 2004b;173:3186-3192.
3) Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin,
niacin, vitamin B 6, folate, vitamin B 12, pantothenic acid,
biotin, and choline. A report of the Panel on Folate, other
B Vitamins, and Choline, Standing Committee on the
Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes; Food
and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National
Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1998; chapter 8:
Folate, pp 196-305 4) Dhur A, Galan P, Hercberg S:
Folate status and the immune system. Progr Food Nutr
Sci 1991;15:43-60 5) Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD:
Nutrients and their role to host resistance to infection. J
Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-32.
4 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Folic Acid
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least textbook, studies
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status 100 % RDA
References
Example of wording
1) Courtemanche C, Huang AC, Elson-Schwab I, Kerry N, Ng Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
BY, Ames BN: Folate deficiency and ionizing radiation cause Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
DNA breaks in primary human lymphocytes: a comparison. infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
FASEB J 2004a;18:209-232 2) Courtemanche C, Elson-
Schwab I, Mashiyama ST, Kerry N, Ames BN: Folated
deficiency inhibits the proliferation of primary human CD8 + T
lymphocytes in vitro. J Immunol 2004b;173:3186-3192.
3) Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin,
niacin, vitamin B 6, folate, vitamin B 12, pantothenic acid,
biotin, and choline. A report of the Panel on Folate, other
B Vitamins, and Choline, Standing Committee on the
Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes; Food
and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National
Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1998; chapter 8:
Folate, pp 196-305 4) Dhur A, Galan P, Hercberg S:
Folate status and the immune system. Progr Food Nutr
Sci 1991;15:43-60 5) Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD:
Nutrients and their role to host resistance to infection. J
Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-32.
Folic Acid B vitamins and heart health Only for products with at least 100 % RDA studies B-Vitamin Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration Oxford, United Folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 help to maintain a healthy heart
Kingdom, Homocysteine-lowering trials for prevention of
cardiovascular events: A review of the design and power of the
large randomized trials Am Heart J 2006;151:282-7/
Homocysteine lowering trialsist’s Collaboration. Lowering
blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: metaanalysis
of randomized trials. BMJ 1998, 316-8
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Hess OM. Effect of
homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12,
and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous
coronary intervention. The Swiss Heart Study: A Randomized
Controlled Trial. JAMA: 288(8): 973-979, 2002.
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Eberli FR, et al.
Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy on restenosis after
percutanous coronary intervention for narrowings in small
coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 91:1265-9
Peterson JC, Spence JD. Vitamins and progression of
atherosclerosis in hyper-homocyst(e)inaemia. Lancet: 351: 263
1998.
Hackam DG, Peterson JC, Spence JD. What level of plasma
homocyst(e)ine should be treated? Effects of vitamin therapy on
Woo KS, Chook P, Chan LLT, Cheung ASP, Fung WH et al. L
Title LM, Cummings PM, Giddens K, Genest JJ, Nassar BA. E
Willems FF, Aengevaeren WRM, Boers GHJ, Blom HJ, Verheu
Folic Acid B vitamins and homocysteine Only for products with at least 100 % RDA textbook B-Vitamin Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration Oxford, United Folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 reduce elevated homocysteine
Kingdom, Homocysteine-lowering trials for prevention of levels
cardiovascular events: A review of the design and power of the
large randomized trials Am Heart J 2006;151:282-7/
Homocysteine lowering trialsist’s Collaboration. Lowering
blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: metaanalysis
of randomized trials. BMJ 1998, 316-8
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Hess OM. Effect of
homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12,
and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous
coronary intervention. The Swiss Heart Study: A Randomized
Controlled Trial. JAMA: 288(8): 973-979, 2002.
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Eberli FR, et al.
Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy on restenosis after
percutanous coronary intervention for narrowings in small
coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 91:1265-9
Peterson JC, Spence JD. Vitamins and progression of
atherosclerosis in hyper-homocyst(e)inaemia. Lancet: 351: 263
1998.
Hackam DG, Peterson JC, Spence JD. What level of plasma
homocyst(e)ine should be treated? Effects of vitamin therapy on
Woo KS, Chook P, Chan LLT, Cheung ASP, Fung WH et al. L
Title LM, Cummings PM, Giddens K, Genest JJ, Nassar BA. E
Willems FF, Aengevaeren WRM, Boers GHJ, Blom HJ, Verheu
5 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Folic Acid Folic acid and neural tube defects only for products with at least 600 µg folic acid studies Czeizel AE. Periconceptional folic acid containing
multivitamin supplementation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol
Reprod Biol 1998;78:151-61. Czeizel AE. Primary
prevention of neural-tube defects and some other major
congenital abnormalities. Paediatr Drugs 2000;2(6):437-
49.
To prevent NTD (neural tube defects)
Folic Acid Vitamins and minerals during pregnancy and lactation only for combinations with at least 14 mg Iron and 400 µg
Folic Acid
studies See reference list company 2 Folic acid and iron supplementation during pregnancy and
lactation is recommended to prevent anemia
Folic Acid and B12 Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine for the combination studies 1) Duthie, S.J.; Whalley, L.J.; Collins, A.R.; Leaper, S.; Berger Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended in the
K. and Deary, I.J. (2002) Homocysteine, B vitamin status, and case of age related memory decine
cognitive function in the elderly. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75, 908-
913 2) Ellinson, M.; Thomas, J. and Patterson, A. (2004) A
critical evaluation of the relationship between serum vitamin B,
folate and total homocysteine with cognitive impairment in the
elderly. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 17(4), 371-383 3) Meertens, L. and
Solano, L. (2005) Vitamin B12, folic acid and mental function
in the elderly. Invest. Clin. 46(1), 53-63 4) Miller, J.W.; Green,
R.; Ramos, M.I.; Allen, L.H.; Mungas, D.M.; Jagust, W.J. and
Haan, M.N. (2003) Homocysteine and cognitive function in the
Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 78
441-447 5) Quadri, P.; Fragiacomo, C.; Pezzati, R.; Zanda, E.;
Forloni, G.; Tettamanti, M. And Lucca, U. (2004)
Homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 in mild cognitive
impairment, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia. Am. J.
Clin. Nutr. 80, 114-122 6) Wahlin, A.; Hill, R.D.; Winblad, B.
and Bäckman, L. (1996) Effects of serum vitamin B12 and fola
Niacin The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism /
transformation of food into physiological energ
Niacin
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
authoritative body CH, CEDAP, NHPD, JHCI B-vitamins and vitamin C are essential for the energy
metabolism / the transfomation of food into energ
textbook; studies
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. Institute of medicine. inadequate micro-nutrient status
National Academic Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A.
(1999a) Vitamins, in Sports Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky I.
ed, CRC Press 3) Bässler, K.H. (1992) Vitaminbedarf unter
besonderen physiologischen und pathologischen bedingungen,
VitaMinSpur 4, 176-180 4) Marcus, R. and Coulston, A.M.
(1996b) Water-soluble vitamins. In: Hardman, J.G.; Limbird,
L.E.; Molinoff, P.B.; Ruddon, R.W. and Goodman Gilman, A.
eds. Goodman and Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics, ninth edition. McGraw-Hill Inc., pp 1555-1572 5)
Depeint, F.; Bruce, W.R.; Shangari, N.; Mehta, R. and O’Brien
P.J. (2006a) Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of the B-
vitamin family on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Chemico-
Biol. Inter. (in press) 6) Lukaski, H.C. (2004) Vitamin and
mineral status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition 20,
632-644
Niacin The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 2000
Niacin
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Niacin In Dietary Reference Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, essential for mental function and performance
Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National
Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 6, pp 123-149 2)
Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 3) Cervantes-Laurean, D.; McElvaney,
N.G. and Moss, J. (1999) Niacin. In Shils, M.E., Olson,
J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern Nutrition in
Health and Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore; Williams &
Wilkins, pp 401-411 4) Kirkland, J.B. and Rawling, J.M.
(2001) Niacin In Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick,
D.B., Machlin, L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3 rd ed,
revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York,
chapter 6, pp 213-254 5) 6) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins
and Brain Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B.
and Prasad, C. (eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, 207-233
6 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Niacin
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
References
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins and Brain
Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and Prasad, C.
(eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 207-
233 3) Heseker, H.; Kübler, W.; Pudel, V. and Westenhöfer, J
(1995) Interaction of vitamins with mental performance. Bibl
Nutr Dieta. Basel: Karger 52, 43-55 4) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.;
Suter, M. and Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral
multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc
on psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers:
a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225 5) Benton, D.; Fordy, J. and Haller, J.
(1995a) The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on
cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacol. 117(3), 298-305 6)
Benton, D.; Haller, J. and Fordy, J. (1995a) Vitamin
supplementation for 1 year improves mood.
Neuropsychobiology 3, 98-105
Example of wording
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
Pantothenic Acid The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism /
transformation of food into physiological energ
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
authoritative body NHPD, JHCI, CH B-vitamins and vitamin C are essential for the energy
metabolism / the transfomation of food into energ
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. Institute of medicine. inadequate micro-nutrient status
National Academic Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A.
(1999a) Vitamins, in Sports Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky
I. ed, CRC Press 3) Bässler, K.H. (1992) Vitaminbedarf
unter besonderen physiologischen und pathologischen
bedingungen, VitaMinSpur 4, 176-180 4) Marcus, R. and
Coulston, A.M. (1996b) Water-soluble vitamins. In:
Hardman, J.G.; Limbird, L.E.; Molinoff, P.B.; Ruddon,
R.W. and Goodman Gilman, A. eds. Goodman and
Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics,
ninth edition. McGraw-Hill Inc., pp 1555-1572 5) Depeint,
F.; Bruce, W.R.; Shangari, N.; Mehta, R. and O’Brien,
P.J. (2006a) Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of
the B-vitamin family on mitochondrial energy
metabolism. Chemico-Biol. Inter. (in press)
Pantothenic Acid The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 2004
Pantothenic Acid
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Pantothenic Acid In Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, essential for mental function and performance
Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic
Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press,
Washington D.C, chapter 10, pp 357-373 2) Huskisson
et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 3) 8649.Plesofsky-Vig, N. (1999)
Pantothenic acid In Shils, M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M.
and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern Nutrition in Health and
Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp
423-432 4) Plesofsky N.S. (2001) Pantothenic Acid In
Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick, D.B., Machlin,
L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3rd ed, revised and
expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, chapter 9, pp
317-337 5) Miller, J.W.; Rogers, L.M. and Rucker, R.B.
(2001) Panthotenic Acid In Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M.
(eds): Present knowledge in Nutrition, 8 th edition.
Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 24, pp 253-260
Pantothenic Acid
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
Pyridoxine (B6) The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism /
transformation of food into physiological energy
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.; Suter, M. and
Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral multivitamin
combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc on
psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers: a
double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
authoritative body CEDAP, NHPD, FNFC B-vitamins and vitamin C are essential for the energy
metabolism / the transfomation of food into energy
7 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Pyridoxine (B6)
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
textbook; studies
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
References
Example of wording
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. Institute of medicine. inadequate micro-nutrient status
National Academic Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A.
(1999a) Vitamins, in Sports Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky I.
ed, CRC Press 3) Bässler, K.H. (1992) Vitaminbedarf unter
besonderen physiologischen und pathologischen bedingungen,
VitaMinSpur 4, 176-180 4) Marcus, R. and Coulston, A.M.
(1996b) Water-soluble vitamins. In: Hardman, J.G.; Limbird,
L.E.; Molinoff, P.B.; Ruddon, R.W. and Goodman Gilman, A.
eds. Goodman and Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics, ninth edition. McGraw-Hill Inc., pp 1555-1572 5)
Depeint, F.; Bruce, W.R.; Shangari, N.; Mehta, R. and O’Brien
P.J. (2006b) Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of B
vitamins on the one-carbon transfer pathways. Chemico-Biol.
Inter. (in press) 6) Lukaski, H.C. (2004) Vitamin and mineral
status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition 20, 632-644
7) Manore, M.M. (2000) Effects of physical activity on thiamin
Pyridoxine (B6) The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 2001
Pyridoxine (B6)
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Vitamin B6 In Dietary Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, essential for mental function and performance
Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid,
Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press,
Washington D.C, chapter 7, pp 150-195 2) Huskisson et al
(2006) The Journal of International Medical Research (in
press) 3) Leklem, J.E. (1999) Vitamin B6 In: Shils, M.E.;
Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern
Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore;
Williams & Wilkins, pp 413-421 4) Leklem, J.E. (2001)
Vitamin B6 in Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick,
D.B., Machlin, L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3 rd ed,
revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York,
chapter 10, pp 339-396 5) McCormick, D.B. (2001)
Vitamin B-6 In Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds):
Present knowledge in Nutrition, 8 th edition. Washington,
DC, ILSI Press, chapter 20, pp 207-213 6) Haller, J.
(2005) Vitamins and Brain Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.;
Kanarek, R.B. and Prasad, C. (eds.) Nutritional
Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 207-233
Pyridoxine (B6)
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins and Brain
Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and Prasad, C.
(eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 207-
233 3) Heseker, H.; Kübler, W.; Pudel, V. and Westenhöfer, J
(1995) Interaction of vitamins with mental performance. Bibl
Nutr Dieta. Basel: Karger 52, 43-55 4) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.;
Suter, M. and Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral
multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc
on psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers:
a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225 5) Benton, D.; Fordy, J. and Haller, J.
(1995a) The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on
cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacol. 117(3), 298-305 6)
Benton, D.; Haller, J. and Fordy, J. (1995a) Vitamin
supplementation for 1 year improves mood.
Neuropsychobiology 3, 98-105
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
Vitamin B6 Age specific requirements of vitamins and minerals Only for products with age specific RDA's textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 1999
The specific requirements for vitamins and minerals are
changing with age
8 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Vitamin B6 The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies 1) Chandra RK and Sudhakaran L: Regulation of immune Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
responses by vitamin B6. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990;585:404- Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
423 2) Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacindefenses
vitamin B 6, folate, vitamin B 12, pantothenic acid, biotin,
and choline. A report of the Panel on Folate, other B
Vitamins, and Choline, Standing Committee on the
Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes; Food
and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National
Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1998; chapter 7:
Vitamin B 6, pp 150-195 3) Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley
PD: Nutrients and their role to host resistance to
infection. J Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-32 4) Kwak HK,
Hansen CM, Leklem JE, Hardin K, Shultz TD: Improved
vitamin B-6 status is positively related to lymphocyte
proliferation in young women consuming a controlled
diet. J Nutr 2002;132:3308-3313 5) Meydani SN, Ribaya-
Mercado JD, Russell RM, Sahyoun N, Morrow FD,
Gershoff SN: Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs interleukin 2
production and lymphocyte proliferation in elderly adults.
Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1275-1280 6) Meydani SN, Han S
Vitamin B6
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least
100 % RDA
textbook, studies
1) Chandra RK and Sudhakaran L: Regulation of immune Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
responses by vitamin B6. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990;585:404- Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
423 2) Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacininfection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
vitamin B 6, folate, vitamin B 12, pantothenic acid, biotin,
and choline. A report of the Panel on Folate, other B
Vitamins, and Choline, Standing Committee on the
Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes; Food
and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National
Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1998; chapter 7:
Vitamin B 6, pp 150-195 3) Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley
PD: Nutrients and their role to host resistance to
infection. J Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-32 4) Kwak HK,
Hansen CM, Leklem JE, Hardin K, Shultz TD: Improved
vitamin B-6 status is positively related to lymphocyte
proliferation in young women consuming a controlled
diet. J Nutr 2002;132:3308-3313 5) Meydani SN, Ribaya-
Mercado JD, Russell RM, Sahyoun N, Morrow FD,
Gershoff SN: Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs interleukin 2
production and lymphocyte proliferation in elderly adults.
Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1275-1280 6) Meydani SN, Han S
Vitamin B6 B vitamins and heart health Only for products with at least 100 % RDA studies 1) B-Vitamin Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration Oxford, Folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 help to maintain a healthy heart
United Kingdom, Homocysteine-lowering trials for prevention
of
cardiovascular events: A review of the design and power of the
large randomized trials Am Heart J 2006;151:282-7/
Homocysteine lowering trialsist’s Collaboration. Lowering
blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: metaanalysis
of randomized trials. BMJ 1998, 316-8
2) Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Hess OM. Effect o
homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12,
and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous
coronary intervention. The Swiss Heart Study: A Randomized
Controlled Trial. JAMA: 288(8): 973-979, 2002.
3) Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Eberli FR, et al.
Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy on restenosis after
percutanous coronary intervention for narrowings in small
coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 91:1265-9
Peterson JC, Spence JD. Vitamins and progression of
atherosclerosis in hyper-homocyst(e)inaemia. Lancet: 351: 263
1998.
4) Hackam DG, Peterson JC, Spence JD. What level of plasma
homocyst(e)ine should be treated? Effects of vitamin therapy on
5)Woo KS, Chook P, Chan LLT, Cheung ASP, Fung WH et al.
5) Title LM, Cummings PM, Giddens K, Genest JJ, Nassar BA
6) Willems FF, Aengevaeren WRM, Boers GHJ, Blom HJ, Ver
9 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Vitamin B6 B vitamins and homocysteine Only for products with at least 100 % RDA textbook B-Vitamin Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration Oxford, United Folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 reduce elevated homocysteine
Kingdom, Homocysteine-lowering trials for prevention of levels
cardiovascular events: A review of the design and power of the
large randomized trials Am Heart J 2006;151:282-7/
Homocysteine lowering trialsist’s Collaboration. Lowering
blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: metaanalysis
of randomized trials. BMJ 1998, 316-8
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Hess OM. Effect of
homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12,
and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous
coronary intervention. The Swiss Heart Study: A Randomized
Controlled Trial. JAMA: 288(8): 973-979, 2002.
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Eberli FR, et al.
Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy on restenosis after
percutanous coronary intervention for narrowings in small
coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 91:1265-9
Peterson JC, Spence JD. Vitamins and progression of
atherosclerosis in hyper-homocyst(e)inaemia. Lancet: 351: 263
1998.
Hackam DG, Peterson JC, Spence JD. What level of plasma
homocyst(e)ine should be treated? Effects of vitamin therapy on
Woo KS, Chook P, Chan LLT, Cheung ASP, Fung WH et al. L
Title LM, Cummings PM, Giddens K, Genest JJ, Nassar BA. E
Willems FF, Aengevaeren WRM, Boers GHJ, Blom HJ, Verheu
Vitamin B6 B12 Folic Acid Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine for the combination of the noted B vitamins studies 1) Bryan, J.; Calvaresi, E. And Hughes, D. (2002) Short-term Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended in the
folate, vitamin B12 or vitamin B6 supplementation slightly case of age related memory decine
affects memory performance but not mood in women of various
ages. J. Nutr. 132, 1345-1356 2) Calvaresi, E. and Bryan, J.
(2001) B vitamins, cognition, and aging: a review. J. Gereontol
Psychol. Sci. 56B(6), P327-P339 3) Riggs, K.M.; Spiro, A.
3rd; Tucker, K. and Rush, D. (1996) Relations of vitamin B-12
vitamin B-6, folate, and homocysteine to cognitive performance
in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 63(3), 306-314
4) Troen, A. and Rosenberg I. (2005) Homocysteine and
cognitive function. Semin. Vasc. Med. 5(2), 209-214 5)
Tucker, K.L.; Qiao, N.; Scott, T.; Rosenberg, I. and Spiro, A.
3rd. (2005) High homocysteine and low B vitamins predict
cognitive decline in aging men: the Veterans Affairs Normative
Aging Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82(3), 627-635
Riboflavin (B2) The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism /
transformation of food into physiological energ
Riboflavin (B2)
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
authoritative body CH, CEDAP, JHCI, NHPD B-vitamins and vitamin C are essential for the energy
metabolism / the transfomation of food into energ
textbook; studies
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. Institute of medicine. inadequate micro-nutrient status
National Academic Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A.
(1999a) Vitamins, in Sports Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky I.
ed, CRC Press 3) Bässler, K.H. (1992) Vitaminbedarf unter
besonderen physiologischen und pathologischen bedingungen,
VitaMinSpur 4, 176-180 4) Marcus, R. and Coulston, A.M.
(1996b) Water-soluble vitamins. In: Hardman, J.G.; Limbird,
L.E.; Molinoff, P.B.; Ruddon, R.W. and Goodman Gilman, A.
eds. Goodman and Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics, ninth edition. McGraw-Hill Inc., pp 1555-1572 5)
Depeint, F.; Bruce, W.R.; Shangari, N.; Mehta, R. and O’Brien
P.J. (2006a) Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of the B-
vitamin family on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Chemico-
Biol. Inter. (in press) 6) Lukaski, H.C. (2004) Vitamin and
mineral status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition 20,
632-644 7) Manore, M.M. (2000) Effects of physical activity on
Riboflavin (B2) The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 1999
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
10 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Riboflavin (B2)
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
textbook
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
References
Example of wording
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Riboflavin In Dietary ReferenceWater-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, essential for mental function and performance
Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National
Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 5, pp 87-122 2)
Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 3) McCormick, D.B. (1999) Riboflavin
In Shils, M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, AC.
(eds): Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th
edition. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp 391-399 4)
RIvlin, R.S. and Pinto, J.T. (2001) Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
In Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick, D.B., Machlin,
L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3 rd ed, revised and
expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, chapter 7, pp
255-273 5) Rivlin, R.S. (2001) Riboflavin In Bowman,
B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge in Nutrition,
8 th edition. Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 18, pp
191-198
Riboflavin (B2)
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins and Brain
Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and Prasad, C.
(eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 207-
233 3) Heseker, H.; Kübler, W.; Pudel, V. and Westenhöfer, J
(1995) Interaction of vitamins with mental performance. Bibl
Nutr Dieta. Basel: Karger 52, 43-55 4) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.;
Suter, M. and Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral
multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc
on psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers:
a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225 5) Benton, D.; Fordy, J. and Haller, J.
(1995a) The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on
cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacol. 117(3), 298-305 6)
Benton, D.; Haller, J. and Fordy, J. (1995a) Vitamin
supplementation for 1 year improves mood.
Neuropsychobiology 3, 98-105
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
Thiamin (B1) The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism /
transformation of food into physiological energ
Thiamin (B1)
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook and studies BCC claim documentation existing B-vitamins and vitamin C are essential for the energy
metabolism / the transfomation of food into energ
textbook; studies
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. Institute of medicine. inadequate micro-nutrient status
National Academic Press, Washington D.C. 2) Bässler, K.H.
(1992) Vitaminbedarf unter besonderen physiologischen
und pathologischen bedingungen, VitaMinSpur 4, 176-
180 3) Driskell, J. A. (1999a) Vitamins, in Sports
Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press 4)
Marcus, R. and Coulston, A.M. (1996b) Water-soluble
vitamins. In: Hardman, J.G.; Limbird, L.E.; Molinoff, P.B.;
Ruddon, R.W. and Goodman Gilman, A. eds. Goodman
and Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics, ninth edition. McGraw-Hill Inc., pp 1555-
1572 5) Depeint, F.; Bruce, W.R.; Shangari, N.; Mehta,
R. and O’Brien, P.J. (2006a) Mitochondrial function and
toxicity: role of the B-vitamin family on mitochondrial
energy metabolism. Chemico-Biol. Inter. (in press) 6)
Lukaski, H.C. (2004) Vitamin and mineral status: effects
on physical performance. Nutrition 20, 632-644 7)
Manore, M.M. (2000) Effects of physical activity on thiami
Thiamin (B1) The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 1998
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
11 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Thiamin (B1)
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
textbook
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
References
Example of wording
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Thiamin In Dietary Reference Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, essential for mental function and performance
Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National
Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 4, pp 58-86 2)
Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 3) Tanphaichitr, V. (1999) Thiamin In
Shils M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds):
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition.
Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp 381-389 4) Tanphaichitr,
V. (2001) Thiamine In Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick,
D.B., Machlin, L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3rd ed,
revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, chapter
8, pp 275-316 5) Bates, C.J. (2001) Thiamine In Bowman,
B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge in Nutrition, 8th
edition. Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 17, pp 184-190
6) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins and Brain Function. In:
Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and Prasad, C. (eds.)
Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 207-233
Thiamin (B1)
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins and Brain
Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and Prasad, C.
(eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 207-
233 3) Heseker, H.; Kübler, W.; Pudel, V. and Westenhöfer, J
(1995) Interaction of vitamins with mental performance. Bibl
Nutr Dieta. Basel: Karger 52, 43-55 4) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.;
Suter, M. and Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral
multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc
on psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers:
a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225 5) Benton, D.; Fordy, J. and Haller, J.
(1995a) The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on
cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacol. 117(3), 298-305 6)
Benton, D.; Haller, J. and Fordy, J. (1995a) Vitamin
supplementation for 1 year improves mood.
Neuropsychobiology 3, 98-105
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
Vitamin B12 The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism /
transformation of food into physiological energy
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Vitamin B12 In Dietary B-vitamins and vitamin C are essential for the energy
Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, metabolism / the transfomation of food into energy
Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid,
Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press,
Washington D.C, chapter 9, pp 306-356 2) Weir, D.G.
and Scott, J.M. (1999) Vitamin B12 “cobalamin”. In: Shils
M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C (eds):
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition.
Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp 447-458 3) Beck, W.S.
(2001) Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) in Rucker, R.B.; Suttie,
J.W.; McCormick, D.B., Machlin, L.J. (eds): Handbook of
vitamins; 3 rd ed, revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker
Inc, New York, chapter 13, pp 463-512 4) Stabler, S.P.
(2001) Vitamin B-12 In Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M.
(eds): Present knowledge in Nutrition, 8 th edition.
Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 22, pp 230-240 5)
Driskell, J. A. (1999a) Vitamins, in Sports Nutrition, pp 49
83, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press
12 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Vitamin B12
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
textbook
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
References
Example of wording
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Vitamin B12 In Dietary Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. inadequate micro-nutrient status
National Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 9, pp 306-
356 2) Driskell, J. A. (1999a) Vitamins, in Sports Nutrition,
pp 49-83, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press 3) Bässler, K.H. (1992)
Vitaminbedarf unter besonderen physiologischen und
pathologischen bedingungen, VitaMinSpur 4, 176-180 4)
Marcus, R. and Coulston, A.M. (1996b) Water-soluble
vitamins. In: Hardman, J.G.; Limbird, L.E.; Molinoff, P.B.;
Ruddon, R.W. and Goodman Gilman, A. eds. Goodman
and Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics, ninth edition. McGraw-Hill Inc., pp 1555-
1572 5) Depeint, F.; Bruce, W.R.; Shangari, N.; Mehta,
R. and O’Brien, P.J. (2006b) Mitochondrial function and
toxicity: role of B vitamins on the one-carbon transfer
pathways. Chemico-Biol. Inter. (in press) 6) Lukaski,
H.C. (2004) Vitamin and mineral status: effects on
physical performance. Nutrition 20, 632-644
Vitamin B12 The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 2002
Vitamin B12
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
1) Institute of Medicine (1998) Vitamin B12 In Dietary Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, essential for mental function and performance
Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid,
Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press,
Washington D.C, chapter 9, pp 306-356 2) Huskisson et al
(2006) The Journal of International Medical Research (in
press) 3) Weir, D.G. and Scott, J.M. (1999) Vitamin B12
“cobalamin”. In: Shils M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and
Ross, A.C (eds): Modern Nutrition in Health and
Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp
447-458 4) Beck, W.S. (2001) Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
in Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick, D.B., Machlin,
L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3 rd ed, revised and
expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, chapter 13, pp
463-512 5) Stabler, S.P. (2001) Vitamin B-12 In
Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge
in Nutrition, 8 th edition. Washington, DC, ILSI Press,
chapter 22, pp 230-240 6) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins and
Brain Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and
Prasad, C. (eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press,
Boca Raton, 207-233
Vitamin B12
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins and Brain
Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and Prasad, C.
(eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 207-
233 3) Heseker, H.; Kübler, W.; Pudel, V. and Westenhöfer, J
(1995) Interaction of vitamins with mental performance. Bibl
Nutr Dieta. Basel: Karger 52, 43-55 4) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.;
Suter, M. and Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral
multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc
on psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers:
a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225 5) Benton, D.; Fordy, J. and Haller, J.
(1995a) The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on
cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacol. 117(3), 298-305 6)
Benton, D.; Haller, J. and Fordy, J. (1995a) Vitamin
supplementation for 1 year improves mood.
Neuropsychobiology 3, 98-105
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
Vitamin B12 Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine studies 1) Johnson. M.A.; Hawthorne, N.A.; Brackett, W.R.; Fischer, Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended in the
J.G.; Gunter, E.W.; Allen, R.H. and Stabler, S.P. (2003) case of age related memory decine
Hyperhomocysteinemia and vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly
using Title IIIc nutrition services. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77, 211-
220
Vitamin B12 Age specific requirements of vitamins and minerals Only for products with age specific RDA's textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academic
Press, Washington, 1998
The specific requirements for vitamins and minerals are
changing with age
13 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
References
Vitamin B12 The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies ) Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin,
vitamin B 6, folate, vitamin B 12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and
choline. A report of the Panel on Folate, other B Vitamins, and defenses
Choline, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of
Dietary Reference Intakes; Food and Nutrition Board, Institute
of Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.,
1998; chapter 9: Vitamin B 12, pp 306-356 2) Field CJ,
Johnson IR, Schley PD: Nutrients and their role to host
resistance to infection. J Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-32 3)
Tamura J, Kubota K, Murakami H, Sawamura M, Matsushima
T, Tamura T, Saitoh T, Kurabayshi H, Naruse T:
Immunomodulation by vitamin B 12: augmentation of CD8 + T
lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B 12-
deficient patients by methyl-B 12 treatment. Clin Exp Immunol
1999;116:28-32 4) Animal data: Funada U, Wada M, Kawata
T, Mori K, Tamai H, Kawanishi T, Kunou A, Tanaka N,
Tadokoro T, Maekawa A: Changes in CD4+CD8-/CD4-CD8+
ratio and humoral immune functions in vitamin B 12 deficient rats
Example of wording
Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
Vitamin B12
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least
100 % RDA
textbook, studies
) Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin,
vitamin B 6, folate, vitamin B 12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and
Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
choline. A report of the Panel on Folate, other B Vitamins, and infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Choline, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of
Dietary Reference Intakes; Food and Nutrition Board, Institute
of Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.,
1998; chapter 9: Vitamin B 12, pp 306-356 2) Field CJ,
Johnson IR, Schley PD: Nutrients and their role to host
resistance to infection. J Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-32 3)
Tamura J, Kubota K, Murakami H, Sawamura M, Matsushima
T, Tamura T, Saitoh T, Kurabayshi H, Naruse T:
Immunomodulation by vitamin B 12: augmentation of CD8 + T
lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B 12-
deficient patients by methyl-B 12 treatment. Clin Exp Immunol
1999;116:28-32 4) Animal data: Funada U, Wada M, Kawata
T, Mori K, Tamai H, Kawanishi T, Kunou A, Tanaka N,
Tadokoro T, Maekawa A: Changes in CD4+CD8-/CD4-CD8+
ratio and humoral immune functions in vitamin B 12 deficient rats
Vitamin B12 B vitamins and heart health Only for products with at least 100 % RDA studies B-Vitamin Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration Oxford, United Folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 help to maintain a healthy heart
Kingdom, Homocysteine-lowering trials for prevention of
cardiovascular events: A review of the design and power of the
large randomized trials Am Heart J 2006;151:282-7/
Homocysteine lowering trialsist’s Collaboration. Lowering
blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: metaanalysis
of randomized trials. BMJ 1998, 316-8
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Hess OM. Effect of
homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12,
and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous
coronary intervention. The Swiss Heart Study: A Randomized
Controlled Trial. JAMA: 288(8): 973-979, 2002.
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Eberli FR, et al.
Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy on restenosis after
percutanous coronary intervention for narrowings in small
coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 91:1265-9
Peterson JC, Spence JD. Vitamins and progression of
atherosclerosis in hyper-homocyst(e)inaemia. Lancet: 351: 263
1998.
Hackam DG, Peterson JC, Spence JD. What level of plasma
homocyst(e)ine should be treated? Effects of vitamin therapy on
Woo KS, Chook P, Chan LLT, Cheung ASP, Fung WH et al. L
Title LM, Cummings PM, Giddens K, Genest JJ, Nassar BA. E
Willems FF, Aengevaeren WRM, Boers GHJ, Blom HJ, Verheu
14 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Vitamin B12 B vitamins and homocysteine Only for products with at least 100 % RDA textbook B-Vitamin Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration Oxford, United Folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 reduce elevated homocysteine
Kingdom, Homocysteine-lowering trials for prevention of levels
cardiovascular events: A review of the design and power of the
large randomized trials Am Heart J 2006;151:282-7/
Homocysteine lowering trialsist’s Collaboration. Lowering
blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: metaanalysis
of randomized trials. BMJ 1998, 316-8
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Hess OM. Effect of
homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12,
and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous
coronary intervention. The Swiss Heart Study: A Randomized
Controlled Trial. JAMA: 288(8): 973-979, 2002.
Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Eberli FR, et al.
Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy on restenosis after
percutanous coronary intervention for narrowings in small
coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 91:1265-9
Peterson JC, Spence JD. Vitamins and progression of
atherosclerosis in hyper-homocyst(e)inaemia. Lancet: 351: 263
1998.
Hackam DG, Peterson JC, Spence JD. What level of plasma
homocyst(e)ine should be treated? Effects of vitamin therapy on
Woo KS, Chook P, Chan LLT, Cheung ASP, Fung WH et al. L
Title LM, Cummings PM, Giddens K, Genest JJ, Nassar BA. E
Willems FF, Aengevaeren WRM, Boers GHJ, Blom HJ, Verheu
Vitamin C Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron. Reference book Brunton LL et al, editors. Goodman & Gilman’s The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 2006; 11th
ed.:1448
Vitamin C is important for the uptake of iron in the body.
Vitamin C Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen. • Nordic Council of Ministers
• Reference book
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004, 4th ed.: 307
Sweetman SC, editor. Martindale. The Complete Drug
Reference 2007; 35th ed.: 1821.
Vitamin C is important for the production and
maintenance of the body’s connective tissue.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C
Vitamin C has an effect on the frequency of the common
cold.
Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant. The vitamin readily
scavenges reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen
species, in addition to singlet oxygen and hypochlorite.
Ascorbic acid regenerates other antioxidants, such as
vitamin E.
• Randomized controlled trial
• Review
• Nordic Council of Ministers
• Review
Sasazuki S et al. Effect of vitamin C on common cold:
randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006
Jan;60(1):9-17.
Douglas R et al. Vitamin C for preventing and treating
the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2007;(3):CD000980.
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004, 4th ed.: 307
Carr AC et al. Toward a new recommended dietary
allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health
effects in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69: 1086-107.
Vitamin C helps against the common cold.
• Vitamin C is an important antioxidant which protects the
cells against free radicals.
• Vitamin C strengthens the immune system.
• Vitamin C is important for the recirculation of vitamin E
and is therefore important for the antioxidant defence.
Vitamin C necessary for normal development of connective tissues > 9 mg/100 g General textbooks vitamin C is necessary to build and maintain normal
bone, teeth, carilage, gums and skin.
Vitamin C works as an antioxidant in body fluids > 9 mg/100 g General textbooks Vitamin C works as an antioxidant to protect the cells of
the body
15 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Vitamin C The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism /
textbook
transformation of food into physiological energy
References
Example of wording
1) Tsao C.S. An overview of ascorbic acid chemistry and B-vitamins and vitamin C are essential for the energy
biochemistry. In: Vitamin C in Health and Disease (Packer L., metabolism / the transfomation of food into energy
Fuchs J., eds) Marcel Dekker, New York (1997) pp 25-58; 2)
Institute of Medicine (2000) Vitamin C In Dietary reference
intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids.
National Academic Press, Washington D.C, chapter 5, pp 95-
185; 3) Jacob, R.A. (1999) Vitamin C In Shils, M.E.; Olson,
J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern Nutrition in
Health and Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore; Williams &
Wilkins, pp 467-483; 4) Johnston, C.S.; Steinberg, F.M. and
Rucker, R.B. (2001) Vitamin C In Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.;
McCormick, D.B., Machlin, L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins;
3rd ed, revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York,
chapter 15, pp 529-554; 5) Johnston, C.S. (2001) Vitamin C In
Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge in
Nutrition, 8th edition. Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 16,
pp 175-183 5); 6) Driskell, J. A. (1999a) Vitamins, in Sports
Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press
Vitamin C
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook; studies
1) Institute of Medicine (2000) Vitamin C In Dietary reference Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids. vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
National Academic Press, Washington D.C, chapter 5, pp 95- inadequate micro-nutrient status
185 2) Jacob, R.A. (1999) Vitamin C In Shils, M.E.; Olson,
J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern Nutrition in
Health and Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore; Williams &
Wilkins, pp 467-483 3) Johnston, C.S.; Steinberg, F.M. and
Rucker, R.B. (2001) Vitamin C In Rucker, R.B.; Suttie, J.W.;
McCormick, D.B., Machlin, L.J. (eds): Handbook of vitamins;
3rd ed, revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York,
chapter 15, pp 529-554 4) Johnston, C.S. (2001) Vitamin C In
Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge in
Nutrition, 8th edition. Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 16,
pp 175-183 5) 5) Driskell, J. A. (1999a) Vitamins, in Sports
Nutrition, pp 49-83, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press; 6) Tsao C.S.
An overview of ascorbic acid chemistry and biochemistry. In:
Vitamin C in Health and Disease (Packer L., Fuchs J., eds)
Marcel Dekker, New York (1997) pp 25-58 7) Bässler, K.H. (
Vitamin C
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (2000) Vitamin C In Dietary reference Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids. essential for mental function and performance
National Academic Press, Washington D.C, chapter 5, pp 95-
185 2) 2) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International
Medical Research (in press) 3) Jacob, R.A. (1999) Vitamin C
In Shils, M.E.; Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds):
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition.
Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp 467-483 4) Johnston, C.S.;
Steinberg, F.M. and Rucker, R.B. (2001) Vitamin C In Rucker,
R.B.; Suttie, J.W.; McCormick, D.B., Machlin, L.J. (eds):
Handbook of vitamins; 3rd ed, revised and expanded. Marcel
Dekker Inc, New York, chapter 15, pp 529-554 5) Johnston,
C.S. (2001) Vitamin C In Bowman, B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds):
Present knowledge in Nutrition, 8th edition. Washington, DC,
ILSI Press, chapter 16, pp 175-183 6) Haller, J. (2005)
Vitamins and Brain Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek,
R.B. and Prasad, C. (eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, 207-233
16 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Vitamin C
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
References
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Haller, J. (2005) Vitamins and Brain
Function. In: Lieberman, H.R.; Kanarek, R.B. and Prasad, C.
(eds.) Nutritional Neuroscience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 207-
233 3) Heseker, H.; Kübler, W.; Pudel, V. and Westenhöfer, J
(1995) Interaction of vitamins with mental performance. Bibl
Nutr Dieta. Basel: Karger 52, 43-55 4) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.;
Suter, M. and Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral
multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc
on psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers:
a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225 5) Benton, D.; Fordy, J. and Haller, J.
(1995a) The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on
cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacol. 117(3), 298-305 6)
Benton, D.; Haller, J. and Fordy, J. (1995a) Vitamin
supplementation for 1 year improves mood.
Neuropsychobiology 3, 98-105
Example of wording
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
Vitamin C Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine studies 1) Gale, C.R.; Martyn, C.N. and Cooper, C. (1996) Cognitive
impairment and mortality in a cohort of elderly people. BMJ
312, 608-611 2) Whalley, L.J.; Staff, R.T.; Murray, A.D.;
Duthie, S.J.; Collins, A.R.; Lemmon, H.A.; Starr, J.M. and
Deary, I.J. (2003) Plasma vitamin C, cholesterol and
homocysteine are associated with grey matter volume
determined by MRI in non-demented old people. Neurosci.
Lett. 341, 173-176 3) Berr, C. (2000) Cognitive impairment
and oxidative stress in the elderly: results of epidemiological
studies. BioFactors 13, 205-209
Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended in the
case of age related memory decine
Vitamins C and E Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine studies 1) Engelhart, M.J.; Geerlings, M.J.; Ruitenberg, A.; van
Swieten, J.C.; Hofman, A.; Witteman, J.C.M. and Breteler,
M.M.B. (2002) Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of
Alzheimer disease. JAMA 287, 3223-3229 2) Grundman, M.
and Delaney, P. (2002) Antioxidant strategies for Alzheimer’s
disease. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 61, 191-202 3) Ortega, R.M.;
Requejo, A.M.; Andrés, P.; Lopez-Sobaler, A.M.; Quintas,
M.E.; Redondo, M.R.; Navia, B. and Rivas, T. (1997) Dietary
Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended in the
case of age related memory decine
intake and cognitive function in a group of elderly people. Am.
J. Clin. Nutr. 66, 803-809
Vitamin C The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids. National Academic
Press, Washington, 2000
Vitamin C Anitoxidants and aging textbook 1) Engelhart, M.J.; Geerlings, M.J.; Ruitenberg, A.; van
Swieten, J.C.; Hofman, A.; Witteman, J.C.M. and Breteler,
M.M.B. (2002) Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of
Alzheimer disease. JAMA 287, 3223-3229 2) Grundman, M.
and Delaney, P. (2002) Antioxidant strategies for Alzheimer’s
disease. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 61, 191-202 3) Ortega, R.M.;
Requejo, A.M.; Andrés, P.; Lopez-Sobaler, A.M.; Quintas,
M.E.; Redondo, M.R.; Navia, B. and Rivas, T. (1997) Dietary
Antioxidant vitamins and mineals act agains age-accelerating
free radicals
intake and cognitive function in a group of elderly people. Am.
J. Clin. Nutr. 66, 803-809
17 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Vitamin C
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
evidence
The role of vitamin C and zinc in strengthening immunity Only for at least 0.5 g vitamin C, 10 mg zinc textbook, studies 1) Anderson R: Vitamin C; in Hughes DA, Darlington LG, Vitamin C and zinc strengthen the immune
Bendich A (eds): Diet and human immune function. Humana system/natural defenses
Press, Totowa, NJ, chapter 7; 2004, pp 133-148 2) Hemila H,
Chalker E, D´Souza RRD, Douglas RM, Treacy B: Vitamin C
for preventing and treating the common cold. The Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, issue 4. 3) Heuser G,
Vojdani A: Enhancement of natural killer cell activity and T
and B cell function by buffered vitamin C in patients exposed to
toxic chemicals; the role of protein kinase-C.
Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1997;19:291-312 4)
Hughes DA: Antioxidant vitamins and immune function; in
Calder PC, Field CJ, Gill HS (eds): Nutrition and immune
function. CABI 2002, pp 171-191 5) Jacob RA, Kelley DS,
Pianalto FS, Swendseid ME, Henning SM, Zhang JZ, Ames
BN, Fraga Cg, Peters JH: Immunocompetence and oxidant
defense during ascorbate depletion of healthy men. Am J Clin
Nutr 1991;54:1302S-1309S 6) Johnston CS: Complement
component C1q unaltered by ascorbate supplementation in
healthy men and women. J Nutr Biochem 1991;2:499-501 7)
Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, Welch RW, Washko P
Vitamin C The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies 1) Anderson R: Vitamin C; in Hughes DA, Darlington LG, Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
Bendich A (eds): Diet and human immune function. Humana Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
Press, Totowa, NJ, chapter 7; 2004, pp 133-148 2) Hemila H, defenses
Chalker E, D´Souza RRD, Douglas RM, Treacy B: Vitamin C
for preventing and treating the common cold. The Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, issue 4. 3) Heuser G,
Vojdani A: Enhancement of natural killer cell activity and T
and B cell function by buffered vitamin C in patients exposed to
toxic chemicals; the role of protein kinase-C.
Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1997;19:291-312 4)
Hughes DA: Antioxidant vitamins and immune function; in
Calder PC, Field CJ, Gill HS (eds): Nutrition and immune
function. CABI 2002, pp 171-191 5) Jacob RA, Kelley DS,
Pianalto FS, Swendseid ME, Henning SM, Zhang JZ, Ames
BN, Fraga Cg, Peters JH: Immunocompetence and oxidant
defense during ascorbate depletion of healthy men. Am J Clin
Nutr 1991;54:1302S-1309S 6) Johnston CS: Complement
component C1q unaltered by ascorbate supplementation in
healthy men and women. J Nutr Biochem 1991;2:499-501 7)
Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, Welch RW, Washko P
Vitamin C
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least
100 % RDA
textbook, studies
1) Anderson R: Vitamin C; in Hughes DA, Darlington LG, Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
Bendich A (eds): Diet and human immune function. Humana Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
Press, Totowa, NJ, chapter 7; 2004, pp 133-148 2) Hemila H, infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Chalker E, D´Souza RRD, Douglas RM, Treacy B: Vitamin C
for preventing and treating the common cold. The Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, issue 4. 3) Heuser G,
Vojdani A: Enhancement of natural killer cell activity and T
and B cell function by buffered vitamin C in patients exposed to
toxic chemicals; the role of protein kinase-C.
Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1997;19:291-312 4)
Hughes DA: Antioxidant vitamins and immune function; in
Calder PC, Field CJ, Gill HS (eds): Nutrition and immune
function. CABI 2002, pp 171-191 5) Jacob RA, Kelley DS,
Pianalto FS, Swendseid ME, Henning SM, Zhang JZ, Ames
BN, Fraga Cg, Peters JH: Immunocompetence and oxidant
defense during ascorbate depletion of healthy men. Am J Clin
Nutr 1991;54:1302S-1309S 6) Johnston CS: Complement
component C1q unaltered by ascorbate supplementation in
healthy men and women. J Nutr Biochem 1991;2:499-501 7)
Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, Welch RW, Washko P
Vitamin D The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 1997
Vitamin D Age specific requirements of vitamins and minerals Only for products with age specific RDA's textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 1997
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
The specific requirements for vitamins and minerals are
changing with age
18 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Vitamin D The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies 1) Cantorna MT, Zhu Y, Froicu M, Wittke A: Vitamin D status Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3, and the immune system. Am J Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
Clin Nutr 2004;80:1717S-1720S 2) Collins ED, Norman defenses
AW: Vitamin D; in Rucker RB, Suttie JW, McCormick
DB, Machlin LJ (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3 rd ed,
revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York,
chapter 2, 2001, pp 51-113 3) DeLuca HF, Cantorna
MT: Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB
J 2001;15:2579-2585 4) Dietary Reference Intakes for
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and
fluoride. A report of the Panel on Micronutrients,
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of
Dietary Reference Intakes; Food and Nutrition Board,
Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press,
Washington, D.C., 1997; chapter 7: Vitamin D, pp 250-
287 5) DiMonaco M: Osteoporosis, nutrition and the
immune system; in Hughes DA, Darlington LG, Bendich
A (eds): Diet and human immune function. Humana
Press, Totowa, NJ, chapter 15, 2004, pp 287-301 6)
Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD: Nutrients and their role
to host resistance to infection. J Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-3
Vitamin D
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least
100 % RDA
textbook, studies
1) Cantorna MT, Zhu Y, Froicu M, Wittke A: Vitamin D status Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3, and the immune system. Am J Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
Clin Nutr 2004;80:1717S-1720S 2) Collins ED, Norman infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
AW: Vitamin D; in Rucker RB, Suttie JW, McCormick
DB, Machlin LJ (eds): Handbook of vitamins; 3 rd ed,
revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York,
chapter 2, 2001, pp 51-113 3) DeLuca HF, Cantorna
MT: Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB
J 2001;15:2579-2585 4) Dietary Reference Intakes for
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and
fluoride. A report of the Panel on Micronutrients,
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of
Dietary Reference Intakes; Food and Nutrition Board,
Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press,
Washington, D.C., 1997; chapter 7: Vitamin D, pp 250-
287 5) DiMonaco M: Osteoporosis, nutrition and the
immune system; in Hughes DA, Darlington LG, Bendich
A (eds): Diet and human immune function. Humana
Press, Totowa, NJ, chapter 15, 2004, pp 287-301 6)
Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD: Nutrients and their role
to host resistance to infection. J Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-3
Vitamin D Vitamin D in bone health textbook CEDAP, CH, NHPD, DK, SNF, JHCI/ NIH Consensus
Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis,
and Therapy. Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and
Therapy. JAMA. 2001;285:785-795. S. Boonen, D.
Calcium supplement with vitamin D helps to build and
maintain strong bones
Vanderschueren, P. Haentjens, P. Lips. Calcium and vitamin D
in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis - a clinical
update. J Int Med 2006; 259; 539-552.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator and plays a role
in cell proliferation.
• Review
Sutton AL, Macdonald PN. Vitamin D: more than a "bone-a-fide" hormone. Mol Endocrinol 2003;17: 777-91. • Vitamin D is important for the immune Vitamin D is important for normal cell division.
system.
• Review
Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007;
357: 266-81.
Vitamin D Bone health • Authoritative bodies
• Reviews
Vitamin D Muscle growth, development and function • Metaanalysis
• Reviews
• Individual studies
See reference list Vitamin D company 16
See reference list Vitamin D company 16
• Vitamin D helps build strong bones
• Vitamin D is important for the microarchitecture of
bones
•Vitamin D helps build and maintain strong muscles
Vitamin D Absorption of calcium • Authoritative bodies See reference list Vitamin D company 16 • Vitamin D is necessary for absorption and utilisation of
calcium
Vitamin D necessary for building strong bones and teeth >0,75 µg/100 g General textbooks Vitamin D is necessary for normal development and
maintaining of strong bones and teeth
Vitamin D necessary for absorption of calsium and phosphorous >0,75 µg/100 g General textbooks Vitamin D is necessary for absorption of calsium and
phosphorous
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is an important lipid soluble antioxidant.
Vitamin E prevents the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty
acids. It reacts with free radicals, which are the cause of
oxidative damage to cell membranes, without the
formation of another free radical in the process.
• Nordic Council of Ministers
• Reference book
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004, 4th ed.: 251
Sweetman SC, editor. Martindale. The Complete Drug
Reference 2007; 35th ed.: 1829.
• Vitamin E is an important antioxidant, which influence
the body’s defence against free radicals.
Vitamin E works as an antioxidant in cell membranes >1,5 mg/100 g General textbooks Vitamin E works as an antioxidant to protect the
cellmembranes of the body
19 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Vitamin E The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids. National Academic
Press, Washington, 2001
Vitamin E Age specific requirements of vitamins and minerals Only for products with age specific RDA's textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, The specific requirements for vitamins and minerals are
Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids. National Academic changing with age
Press, Washington, 2000
Vitamin E Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine studies 1) Gray, S.L.; Hanlon ,J.T.; Landerman, L.R.; Artz, M.; Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended in the
Schmader, K.E. and Fillenbaum, G.G. (2003) Is antioxidant usecase of age related memory decine
protective of cognitive function in the community-dwelling
elderly? Am. J. Geriatr. Pharmacother. 1(1), 3-10 2) Ortega,
R.M.; Requejo, A.M.; Lopez-Sobaler, A.M.; Andrés, P.; Navia
B.; Perea, J.M. and Robles, F. (2002) Cognitive function in
elderly people is influenced by vitamin E status. J. Nutr. 132,
2065-2068 3) Meydani, M. (2002) Nutrition interventions in
ageing and age-associated disease. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 61, 165-
171 4) Morris, M.C.; Evans, D.A.; Bienias, J.L.; Tangney, C.C.
and Wilson, R.S. (2002) Vitamin E and cognitive decline in
older persons. Arch. Neurol. 59(7), 1125-1132 5) Morris,
M.C.; Evans, D.A.; Bienias, J.L.; Tangney, C.C.; Bennet, D.A.;
Aggarwal, N.; Wilson, R.S. and Scherr, P.A. (2002) Dietary
intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of incident
Alzheimer Disease in a biracial community study. JAMA 287,
3230-3237 6) Pepin, J.L.; Myressiotis, S. and Ceulemans, S.
(2003) Prevention of dementia: is it feasible? Rev. Med. Liege
58(4), 220-224 (in French)
Vitamin E Anitoxidants and aging textbook 1) Engelhart, M.J.; Geerlings, M.J.; Ruitenberg, A.; van
Swieten, J.C.; Hofman, A.; Witteman, J.C.M. and Breteler,
M.M.B. (2002) Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of
Alzheimer disease. JAMA 287, 3223-3229 2) Grundman, M.
and Delaney, P. (2002) Antioxidant strategies for Alzheimer’s
disease. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 61, 191-202 3) Ortega, R.M.;
Requejo, A.M.; Andrés, P.; Lopez-Sobaler, A.M.; Quintas,
M.E.; Redondo, M.R.; Navia, B. and Rivas, T. (1997) Dietary
Antioxidant vitamins and mineals act agains age-accelerating
free radicals
intake and cognitive function in a group of elderly people. Am.
J. Clin. Nutr. 66, 803-809
Vitamin E The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies 1) Baessler KH, Golly I, Loew D, Pietrzik K (eds): Vitamin-
Lexikon fuer Aerzte, Apotheker und
Ernaehrungswissenschaftler. 3 rd ed, Urban & Fischer
Verlag, Muenchen-Jena, 2002 2) Bogden JD, Louria DB:
Nutrition and immunity in the elderly; in Hughes DA,
Darlington LG, Bendich A (eds): Diet and human
immune function. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, chapter
5, 2004, pp 79-101 3) Dietary Reference Intakes for
vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. A report
of the Panel on Antioxidants and Related compounds,
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of
Dietary Reference Intakes; Food and Nutrition Board,
Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press,
Washington, D.C., 2000; chapter 6: Vitamin E, pp 186-
283 4) Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD: Nutrients and
their role to host resistance to infection. J Leukoc Biol
2002;71:16-32 5) Han SN, Meydani SN: Vitamin E; in
Hughes DA, Darlington LG, Bendich A (eds): Diet and
human immune function. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ,
chapter 8, 2004, pp 149-164. 6) Meydani SN, Meydani
Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
defenses
M, Blumberg JB, Leka LS, Siber G, Loszewski R, Thomps
20 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Vitamin E
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least textbook, studies
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status 100 % RDA
References
Example of wording
1) Baessler KH, Golly I, Loew D, Pietrzik K (eds): Vitamin- Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
Lexikon fuer Aerzte, Apotheker und
Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
Ernaehrungswissenschaftler. 3 rd ed, Urban & Fischer infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Verlag, Muenchen-Jena, 2002 2) Bogden JD, Louria DB:
Nutrition and immunity in the elderly; in Hughes DA,
Darlington LG, Bendich A (eds): Diet and human
immune function. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, chapter
5, 2004, pp 79-101 3) Dietary Reference Intakes for
vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. A report
of the Panel on Antioxidants and Related compounds,
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of
Dietary Reference Intakes; Food and Nutrition Board,
Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press,
Washington, D.C., 2000; chapter 6: Vitamin E, pp 186-
283 4) Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD: Nutrients and
their role to host resistance to infection. J Leukoc Biol
2002;71:16-32 5) Han SN, Meydani SN: Vitamin E; in
Hughes DA, Darlington LG, Bendich A (eds): Diet and
human immune function. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ,
chapter 8, 2004, pp 149-164. 6) Meydani SN, Meydani
M, Blumberg JB, Leka LS, Siber G, Loszewski R, Thomps
Vitamin K The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc
National Academic Press, Washington, 2002
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is an essential cofactor in the hepatic synthesis
of prothrombin and other blood clotting factors and in the
function of proteins such as osteocalcin which is
important for bone development.
• Reference book
• Nordic council of Ministers
• Meta analysis
• Review
• Prospective study
• Observational study
Also see reference list Vitamin K company 14
Brunton LL et al, editors. Goodman & Gilman’s The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 2006; 11th
ed.:1484
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004, 4th ed.: 261
Weber P. Management of osteoporosis: is there a role
for vitamin K? Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1997; 67(5): 350-6
Askim M. Vitamin K i norsk kosthold og beinskjørhet.
Tidskr Nor Lægeforen 2001; 121(22): 2614-6
Feskanich D et al. Vitamin K intake and hip fractures in
women: a prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69: 74
9
• Vitamin K is essential for the blood coagulation ability.
• Vitamin K is important for the skeleton to bind calcium.
• Vitamin K is essential for bone formation.
• Vitamin K strengthens the bone structure.
• Vitamin K strengthens the skeleton.
Booth SL et al. Vitamin K inntak and bone density
mineral in women and men. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:
512-6
Vitamin K necessary for coagulation of blood must be added to the list of vitamins in the annex General textbooks Vitamin K is needed to stop bleeding
Vitamin K normal bone formation must be added to the list of vitamins in the annex General textbooks Vitamin helps to build strong bones.
Vitamin K2, MK7 Antioxidant Ca. 60 micrograms Cell studies Also see reference list company 19
Li J et al. Neurosci. 2003, 23, 5816 Novel role of
vitaminK in preventing oxidative injury to developing
oligodendrocytes and neurones.
J Nutr. 2004 Nov; 134 (11): 3100-5 Dietary intake of
menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of
coronary heart disease: The rotterdam Study.
(Antioxidants are important to build a strong immune
system. Antioxidants also protects cells from oxidation of
fat). Antioksidanter er viktige for å oppnå et sterkt
immunforsvar. De beskytter også cellene mot harskning
av fett.
Vitamin K2, MK7 Cardiovascular health Min. 60 micrograms Clinical trials Also see reference list company 19
Schurgers LJ et al. Z. Kardiol.2001, 90 (suppl. 3), 57.
Vitamin K2, MK7 Osteoporosis Ca. 60 micrograms Clinical trials Balton-Smith C et al. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 2001, 45, 246.
Bram LA et al. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2003, 73, 21.
Booth SL et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000, 71, 1201.
Vitamin K2 hjelper til med å naturlig opprettholde
balansen i blodårene i forhold til blant annet kalsium
Vitamin K2 hjelper til med å bygge sterke ben og tenner
(Vit K2 helps build strong bones and teeth).
MINERALS
21 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Calcium
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Calcium reduces mild symptoms of premenstrual
• Randomized controlled study
syndrome (PMS).
• Randomized controlled study
References
Also see reference list Calcium company 14
Thys-Jacobs S et al: Calcium carbonate and the
premenstrual syndrome: effects on premenstrual and
menstrual symptoms (Premenstrual Syndrome Study
Group). Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179(2):444-452.
Example of wording
Calcium can help against symptoms of PMS.
Thys-Jacobs S, Ceccarelli S, Bierman A et al: Calcium
supplementation in premenstrual syndrome: a
randomized crossover trial. J Gen Intern Med 1989;
4:183-189.
Calcium Bone health/bone strength, structure of teeth • Authoritative body
• Textbook
• Reviews
See reference list Calcium company 16
• Calcium is essential for the structure of bones/healthy
bones
• Calcium is needed to build and maintain strong/healthy
bones
• Calcium is necessary for adequate bone density
• Calcium maintains strong bones through life
• Calcium is of special importance for women’s health
• Calcium is needed for development of teeth
Calcium Blood pressure • Scientific body
• Expert Review
• Meta-analyses
Calcium Weight management • Reviews
• indivdual studies
See reference list Calcium company 16
See reference list Calcium company 16
• Calcium is beneficial for blood pressure
• Calcium helps to keep a healthy blood pressure
• Calcium contributes to weight control
• Calcium modulates energy metabolism
• Calcium aids weight loss
Calsium main building block of bones and teeth > 120 mg/100 g General textbooks Calsium helps to build and maintain strong bones and
teeth
Calsium necessary for normal muscle function > 120 mg/100 g General textbooks Calsium is necessary for normal muscle function
Calsium necessary for normal transmission of nerve signals > 120 mg/100 g General textbooks Calsium is necessary for normal function of the
nervesystem
Calcium
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (1997) Dietary reference intakes for
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride.
Institute of medicine. National Academic Press, Washington
D.C., 2) Driskell, J. A. (1999b) Minerals, in Sports
Nutrition, pp 85-117, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press
Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
inadequate micro-nutrient status
Calcium The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 1998
Calcium
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
1) Institute of Medicine (1997) Calcium In Dietary reference Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and essential for mental function and performance
Fluoride. Institute of medicine. National Academic Press,
Washington D.C., chapter 4, pp 71-143 2) Huskisson et al
(2006) The Journal of International Medical Research (in
press) 3) Bronner, F. (1997) Calcium in O´Dell BL, Sunde RA
(eds): Handbook of nutritionally essential mineral elements.
Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 13-61 4) Weaver, C.M. and
Heaney, R.P. (1999) Calcium in In Shils, M.E.; Olson, J.A.;
Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern Nutrition in Health
and Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, pp
141-155 5) Weaver, C.M (2001) Calcium In Bowman, B.A.,
Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge in Nutrition, 8th edition
Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 26, pp 273-280
Calcium
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International Medical
Research (in press) 2) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.; Suter, M. and
Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an oral multivitamin
combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc on
psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers: a
double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology
(Berl) 150(2), 220-225
Calcium Age specific requirements of vitamins and minerals Only for products with age specific RDA's textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 1998
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
The specific requirements for vitamins and minerals are
changing with age
22 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Calcium Influence of calcium on blood pressure Only with at least 200 mg Calcium authoritative body (qualivied healthclaim by the FDA) R Jorde, KH Bønaa, Calcium from dairy products, vitamin D Calcium may help to keep the blood pressure in the normal
intake, and blood pressure: the Tromsø study, Am J Clin Nutr, range
Vol. 71, No. 6, 1530-1535, 2000/ GD Miller, DD DiRienzo,
ME Reusser, DA McCarron, Benefits of Dairy Product
Consumption on Blood Pressure in Humans: A Summary of the
Biomedical Literature, J Am Col Nutr, Vol. 19, No. 90002,
147S-164S (2000) / Allender PS, Cutler JA, Follmann D,
Cappuccio FP, Pryer J, Elliott P. Dietary calcium and blood
pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ann
Intern Med. 1996 May 1;124(9):825-31.
Calcium Calcium in bone health only with at least 250 mg Calcium textbook CEDAP, CH, NHPD, DK, SNF, JHCI/ NIH Consensus
Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis,
and Therapy. Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and
Therapy. JAMA. 2001;285:785-795. S. Boonen, D.
Calcium supplement with vitamin D helps to build and
maintain strong bones
Vanderschueren, P. Haentjens, P. Lips. Calcium and vitamin D
in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis - a clinical
update. J Int Med 2006; 259; 539-552.
Choline Choline and development Only for products with at least 20 mg textbook 1) Garrow, T. (2001) Choline and carnitine; in Bowman BA, Choline is essential for normal development, particular of brain
Russel RM (eds): Present knowledge in Nutrition, 8 th edition. and nervous system
Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 25, pp 261-270 2)
Institute of medicine (1998) Choline in Dietary Reference
Intakes for thiamine, riboflavine, niacin, vitamin B6,
folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline,
pp 390-422, Washington DC: National Academy Press
3) Ladd, S.L.; Sommer, S.A.; LaBerge, S. and Toscano,
W. (1993) Effect of phosphatidylcholine on explicit
memory. Clin Neuropharmacol, 16(6), 540-549 4)
Sitaram, N.; Weingartner, H.; Caine, E.D. and Gillin, J.C.
(1978) Choline: Selective enhancement of serial
learning and encoding of low imagery words in man. Life
Sci. 22(17), 1555-1560 5) Zeisel, S.H.; da Costa, K.A.;
Franklin, P.D.; Alexander, E.A.; Lamont, J.T.; Sheard,
N.F. and Beiser, A. (1991) Choline, an essential nutrient
for humans. FASEB J: 5, 2093-2098 6) Zeisel, S.H.
(1997) Choline: essential for brain development and
function. Adv. Pediatr. 44, 263-295 7) Zeisel, S.H. (1999)
Choline and phosphatidylcholine in Modern Nutrition in He
Chromium Metabolism Minimum 15% of reference value Text book
Review
Garrow et al., 2000 (p204-205)
Shils et al., 1999 (p279-280)
Broadhurst & Domenico, 2006
• Chrome is necessary for utilizing energy giving
nutrients.
• Chrome is necessary for normal energy metabolism
• Chrome is necessary for normal metabolism of
carbohydrates
Chromium
Chromium is a cofactor for insulin. Chromium influences
carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism via its effect
on insulin action.
• Nordic Council of Ministers
• Reference book
• Database
Also see reference list Chromium company 14
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004, 4th ed.: 409
Sweetman SC, editor. Martindale. The Complete Drug
Reference 2007; 35th ed.: 1774.
• Chromium can act stabilizing on the blood sugar level.
• Chromium influences the regulation of sugar
metabolism in the body.
• Randomized controlled trial
DRUGDEX® System (electronic version). AltMedDex
evaluations. Chromium. Micromedex Database 1974-
2006. (28.08.2007).
Anderson RA et al: Elevated intakes of supplemental
chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in
individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1997; 46:1786-
91
23 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Chromium (III)
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
textbook
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
References
Example of wording
1) Institute of Medicine (2001) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, inadequate micro-nutrient status
vanadium, and.... Institute of medicine. National Academic
Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A. (1999b) Minerals, in
Sports Nutrition, pp 85-117, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press 3)
Anderson, R.A.; Polanski, M.M. and Bryden, N.A. (1984)
Strenous running: acute effects on chromium, copper, zinc and
selected clinical variables in urine and serum of male runners.
Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 6, 327-336 4) Offenbacher, E.G.; Pi-
Sunyer, F.X. and Stoecker, B.J. (1997) Chromium, pp 389-411
in Handbook of nutritionally essential mineral elements,
O’Dell, B.L. and Sunde, R.A. eds., Marcel Dekker Inc. 5)
Jeejeebhoy, K.N. (1999) The role of chromium in
nutrition and therapeutics and as a potential toxin Nutr.
Rev. 57(11), 329-335
Chromium (III) The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 1998
Copper
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
1) Institute of Medicine (2001) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, inadequate micro-nutrient status
vanadium, and.... Institute of medicine. National Academic
Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A. (1999b) Minerals, in
Sports Nutrition, pp 85-117, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press 3)
Lukaski, H.C. (2004) Vitamin and mineral status: effects on
physical performance. Nutrition 20, 632-644 4) Anderson,
R.A.; Polanski, M.M. and Bryden, N.A. (1984) Strenous
running: acute effects on chromium, copper, zinc and selected
clinical variables in urine and serum of male runners. Biol.
Trace Elem. Res. 6, 327-336 5) Harris, E.D. (1997) Copper,
pp 231-273 in Handbook of nutritionally essential mineral
elements, O’Dell, B.L. and Sunde, R.A. eds., Marcel Dekker
Inc.
Copper The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 1997
Copper The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies 1) Bonham M, O´Connor JM, Hannigan BM, Strain JJ: The Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
immune system as a physiological indicator of marginal copper Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
status? Br J Nutr 2002;87:393-403 2) Dietary Reference defenses
Intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium,
copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon,
vanadium, and zinc. A report of the Panel on Micronutrients,
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary
Reference Intakes; Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of
Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2001;
chapter 7: Copper, pp 224-257 3) Field CJ, Johnson IR,
Schley PD: Nutrients and their role to host resistance to
infection. J Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-32 4) Hopkins RG,
Failla ML: Transcriptional regulation of the interleukin-2
gene expression is impaired by copper deficiency in
Jurkat human T lymphocytes. J Nutr 1999;129:596-601
5) Kelly DS, Daudu PA, Taylor PC, Mackey BE,
Turnlund JR: Effects of low-copper diets on human
immune response. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:412-416 6)
Percival SS. Copper and immunity. Am J Clin Nutr
1998;67:1064S-1085S 7) Prohaska JR, Failla ML: Coppe
24 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Copper
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least textbook, studies
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status 100 % RDA
References
Example of wording
1) Bonham M, O´Connor JM, Hannigan BM, Strain JJ: The Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
immune system as a physiological indicator of marginal copper Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
status? Br J Nutr 2002;87:393-403 2) Dietary Reference infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium,
copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon,
vanadium, and zinc. A report of the Panel on Micronutrients,
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary
Reference Intakes; Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of
Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2001;
chapter 7: Copper, pp 224-257 3) Field CJ, Johnson IR,
Schley PD: Nutrients and their role to host resistance to
infection. J Leukoc Biol 2002;71:16-32 4) Hopkins RG,
Failla ML: Transcriptional regulation of the interleukin-2
gene expression is impaired by copper deficiency in
Jurkat human T lymphocytes. J Nutr 1999;129:596-601
5) Kelly DS, Daudu PA, Taylor PC, Mackey BE,
Turnlund JR: Effects of low-copper diets on human
immune response. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:412-416 6)
Percival SS. Copper and immunity. Am J Clin Nutr
1998;67:1064S-1085S 7) Prohaska JR, Failla ML: Coppe
25 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Fluoride
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Fluoride complex-binds to calcium in the skeleton and
• Nordic council of Ministers
tooth tissues. Fluoride interacts with the balance
• Reference book
between enamel demineralisation and remineralisation.
• Database
References
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004, 4th ed.: 421
Sweetman SC, editor. Martindale. The Complete Drug
Reference 2007; 35th ed.: 1800.
Example of wording
Fluoride helps build strong teeth
Fluoride work against decayed teeth.
DRUGDEX® System (electronic version). Drug
evaluations. Fluoride. Micromedex Database 1974-2007.
(28.08.2007).
Fluoride The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 1997
Iodine Thyroide hormones and energy production Minimum 15% of reference value Text book
Authorative
Iodine Energy metabolism • Authoritative body
• Textbook
Iodine Cognitive development • Authoritative body
• Scientific body
• Textbook
• Reviews
Garrow et al., 2000 (p621)
Shils et al., 1999 (p253)
WHO & FAO, 2004 (chap 16)
See reference list Iodine company 16
See reference list Iodine company 16
Iodine The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 2002
Iron
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook; studies
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
• Iodine is an important part of the hormones that control
the energy conversion in the body
• Iodine is necessary for normal conversion of the energy
providing nutrients
• Iodine is needed for normal energy metabolism
• Iodine is essential for mental development
• Iodine plays a role in mental performance
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
1) Institute of Medicine (2001) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, inadequate micro-nutrient status
vanadium, and.... Institute of medicine. National Academic
Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A. (1999b) Minerals,
in Sports Nutrition, pp 85-117, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press
3) Lukaski, H.C. (2004) Vitamin and mineral status:
effects on physical performance. Nutrition 20, 632-644
4) McDonald, R. and Keen, C.L. (1988) Iron, zinc and
magnesium nutrition and athletic performance Sports
Medicine 5, 171-184
Iron The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 1999
Iron Age specific requirements of vitamins and minerals Only for products with age specific RDA's textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for
Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and
Fluoride. National Academic Press, Washington, 1997
Iron The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies 1) Ahluwalia N, Sun J, Krause, Mastro A, Handte G: Immune
function is impaired in iron-deficient. Home-bound, older
women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:516-521 2) Berger J, Dyck
JL, Galan P, Aplogan A, Schneider D, Traissac P, Hercberg S:
Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cellmediated
immunity, and incidence of infection in 6-36 month
old Togolese children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:29-35 3) Brock
JH, Mulero V: Cellular and molecular aspects of iron and
immune function. Proc Nutr Soc 2000;59:537-540 4)
Cunningham-Rundles S, Giardina PJ, Grady RW,
Califano C, McKenzie P, DeSousa M: Effect of
transfusional iron overload on immune response. J Infect
Dis 2000;182:S115-S121 6) Dietary Reference Intakes
for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium,
copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel,
silicon, vanadium, and zinc. A report of the Panel on
Micronutrients, Standing Committee on the Scientific
Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes; Food and
Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy
Press, Washington, D.C., 2001; chapter 9: Iron, pp 290-3
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
The specific requirements for vitamins and minerals are
changing with age
Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
defenses
26 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Iron
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least textbook, studies
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status 100 % RDA
References
1) Ahluwalia N, Sun J, Krause, Mastro A, Handte G: Immune
function is impaired in iron-deficient. Home-bound, older
women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:516-521 2) Berger J, Dyck
JL, Galan P, Aplogan A, Schneider D, Traissac P, Hercberg S:
Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cellmediated
immunity, and incidence of infection in 6-36 month
old Togolese children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:29-35 3) Brock
JH, Mulero V: Cellular and molecular aspects of iron and
immune function. Proc Nutr Soc 2000;59:537-540 4)
Cunningham-Rundles S, Giardina PJ, Grady RW,
Califano C, McKenzie P, DeSousa M: Effect of
transfusional iron overload on immune response. J Infect
Dis 2000;182:S115-S121 6) Dietary Reference Intakes
for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium,
copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel,
silicon, vanadium, and zinc. A report of the Panel on
Micronutrients, Standing Committee on the Scientific
Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes; Food and
Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy
Press, Washington, D.C., 2001; chapter 9: Iron, pp 290-3
Example of wording
Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Iron Vitamins and minerals during pregnancy and lactation only for combinations with at least 14 mg Iron and 400 µg
Folic Acid
Iron Red blood cells and oxygen transport to tissue Minimum 15% of reference value Text book
studies
Blot I, Diallo D, Tchernia G. Iron deficiency in pregnancy: Folic acid and iron supplementation during pregnancy and
effects on the newborn. Curr Opin Hematol 1999; 6: 65-70. lactation is recommended to prevent anemia
Bothwell TH. Iron requirements in pregnancy and strategies to
meet them. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72 (suppl): 257 S-264S.
Bruinse HW, Van den Berg H. Changes of some vitamin levels
during and after normal pregnancy. Europ J Obst Gyn Repr
Biol 1995; 61: 31-37.
Dhur A, Hercberg S. Prevalence of iron deficiency in France
and Southern Europe. In "Nutrition in the prevention of
disease". Somogyi JC, Hejda S, Eds., Bibl Nutr Dieta, Karger
Publ, Basel 1989; 44: 106-113.
Ek J, Magnus EM. Plasma and red blood cell folate during
normal pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1981, 60: 247
251.
Hallberg L, Hultén L. Iron requirements, iron balance and iron
deficiency in menstruating and pregnant women. In: Hallberg L
Asp N-G, eds. Iron nutrition in health and disease. London:
John Libby, 1996: 165-182.
Halliday HL, McMaster D. Does iron supplementation reduce
zinc bioavailability in preterm infants? In "Vitamins and
minerals in pregnancy and lactation." Berger H. Ed., Nestlé Nu
Haste FM, Anderson HR, Brooke OG, Bland JM, Peacock JL. T
Haste FM, Brooke OG, Anderson HR, Bland JM. The effect of
Hercberg S, Preziozi P, Galan P, Cherouvrier F, Dupin H. Eval
Hindmarsh PC, Geary MPP, Rodeck CH, Jackson MR and Kin
Kadyrov M, Kosanke G, Kingdom J, Kaufmann P. Increased fe
Kilpatrick S., Laros R. Maternal Hematologic Disorders in Mat
Lecerf JM, Debeugny-Lercerf B, Fantino M, Isorez D, Marecau
Mahomed K. Iron and folate supplementation in pregnancy. Co
Mahomed K. Folate supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane D
Mahomed K. Iron supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Da
Martinez O Roe DA Effect of oral contraceptives on blood fol
Garrow et al., 2000 (p177-178)
• Iron is part of the red blood cells and is therefore
Shils et al., 1999 (p193-194)
important for the transport of oxygen in the body
Authorative
WHO & FAO, 2004 (chap 13 )
Iron necessary for transport of oxygen in the body > 2,1 µg/100 g General textbooks Irion is necessary for transport of oxygen in the body
Iron necessary for normal cognitive and mental development > 2,1 µg/100 g General textbooks Iron is necessary for normal cognitive and mental
development
Iron/hemeiron Increases/build iron stores • Scientific Body • Individual studies See reference list Iron company 5 An Iron/hemeiron supplement build/increases iron stores
safely
Magnesium General health Minimum 15% of reference value Text book 1
Garrow et al., 2000 (p173)
Shils et al., 1999 (p169-170)
• Magnesium constitutes a part of enzymes and plays an
important role in diverse biological processes
Magnesium
Magnesium reduces mild symptoms of premenstrual
syndrome (PMS).
Authoritative
• Randomized double-blind, placebo controlled study.
• Randomized controlled trial
WHO, 1999 (chap 11)
Expert Group, 2003 (p287-292)
See reference list Magnesium company 14
Walker AF et al: Magnesium supplementation alleviates
premenstrual symptoms of fluid retention. J Womens
Health 1998;7:1157-65.
Magnesium can help against symptoms of PMS.
Facchinetti F et al: Oral magnesium successfully
relieves premenstrual mood changes. Obstet Gynecol
1991; 78:177-81.
27 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Magnesium Magnesium reduces leg cramps. Randomized controlled study Roffe C, Sills S, Crome P, Jones P. Randomised, crossover,
placebo controlled trial of magnesium citrate in the
Magnesium can help against mild leg cramps.
treatment of chronic persistent leg cramps. Med Sci
Monit 2002 May;8(5):CR326-CR330.
Dahle LO et al: The effect of oral magnesium
substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J
Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173:175-180.
Magnesium necessary for building strong bones and teeth Magnesium helps to build and maintain strong bones
and teeth
Magnesium necessary for normal muscle function Magnesium is necessary for normal muscle function
Magnesium necessary for normal transmission of nerve signals Magnesium is necessary for normal function of the
nervesystem
Magnesium
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook; studies
1) Institute of Medicine (1997) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride. vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
Institute of medicine. National Academic Press, Washington inadequate micro-nutrient status
D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A. (1999b) Minerals, in Sports
Nutrition, pp 85-117, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press 3)
Lukaski, H.C. (2004) Vitamin and mineral status: effects
on physical performance. Nutrition 20, 632-644 4)
Lukaski, H.C. and Nielsen, F.H. (2002) Dietary
magnesium depletion affects metabolic response during
submaximal exercise in postmenopausal women. J.
Nutr. 132, 930-935 5) McDonald, R. and Keen, C.L.
(1988) Iron, zinc and magnesium nutrition and athletic
performance Sports Medicine 5, 171-184
Magnesium The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 2000
Magnesium
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
1) Institute of Medicine (1997) Magnesium In Dietary Water-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium and zinc are
reference intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, essential for mental function and performance
Vitamin D and Fluoride. Institute of medicine. National
Academic Press, Washington D.C., chapter 6, pp 190-
249 2) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of
International Medical Research (in press) 3) Fleet, J.C.
and Cashman, K.D. (2001) Magnesium In Bowman,
B.A., Russel, R.M. (eds): Present knowledge in Nutrition,
8th edition. Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 28, pp
272-301 4) Shils, M.E. (1997) Magnesium in O´Dell BL,
Sunde RA (eds): Handbook of nutritionally essential
mineral elements. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 117-
152 5) Shils, M.E. (1999) Magnesium In Shils, M.E.;
Olson, J.A.; Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. (eds): Modern
Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition. Baltimore;
Williams & Wilkins, pp 169-192
Magnesium
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International
Medical Research (in press) 2) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.;
Suter, M. and Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an
oral multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium,
and zinc on psychological well-being in healthy young
male volunteers: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 150(2), 220-225
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
Manganese
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (2001) Dietary reference intakes
for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium,
copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel,
silicon, vanadium, and.... Institute of medicine. National
Academic Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A.
(1999b) Minerals, in Sports Nutrition, pp 85-117,
Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press
Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
inadequate micro-nutrient status
Manganese The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 2000
Manganese Anitoxidants and aging Authoritative body JHCI, WHO Antioxidant vitamins and mineals act against age-accelerating
free radicals
Manganese
Protection of body tissue and cells from oxidative
damage
Minimum 15% of reference value
Text book
Authoritative
Shils et al., 1999 (p290)
WHO, 1999
Expert Group, 2003 (p213-218)
• Manganese protects body tissues and cells from
oxidative damage.
28 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Minerals in general General health Minimum 15% of reference value Authoritative British Nutrition Foundation, 2004. • Minerals are important to maintain a strong body
• Minerals are important to build a strong body
Phosphorus
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (1997) Dietary reference intakes for
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride.
Institute of medicine. National Academic Press, Washington
D.C., 2) Driskell, J. A. (1999b) Minerals, in Sports
Nutrition, pp 85-117, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press
Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
inadequate micro-nutrient status
Phosphorus The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 1999
Potassium Bone health • Authoritative body
• Review
• Individual studies
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
US Department of Health and Human Services; Dietary Potassium contributes in building and maintaining strong
Guidelines for Americans 2005. Human Services (HHS) bones
and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2005.
http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/docum
ent/default.htm
Nieves JW. Osteoporosis: the role of micronutrients.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 May;81(5):1232S-1239S.
- Palacios C. The role of nutrients in bone health, from A
to Z. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2006;46(8):621-8.
- Tucker KL, Dietary intake and bone status with aging.
Curr Pharm Des. 2003;9(32):2687-704.
- Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson
PW, Kiel DP. Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and
vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone
mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin
Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):727-36.
Potassium Blood pressure • Authoritative body
• Meta-analyses
• Individual studies
Authoritative body
- FDA Authoritative statement FDA Docket No. 00Q-
1582
Meta-Analysis
- Cappuccio FP et al. Does potassium supplementation
lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of published
trials. J Hypertens. 9: 465-473, 1991 (Meta-analysis)
- Geleijnse JM et al. Blood pressure response to
changes in sodium and potassium intake: a
metaregression analysis of randomised trials. J Hum
Hypertens. 17: 471-480, 2003 (Metaanalysis)
- Whelton PK et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood
pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled
clinical trials. J Am Med Assoc. 277: 1624-1632, 1997
(Meta-analysis)
Individual Studies
- He FJ et al. Effect of short term supplementation of
potassium chloride and potassium citrate on blood
pressure in hypertensive. Hypertension. 45: 571-574,
2005 (RCT)
Potassium helps promote healthy blood pressure
Selenium
Selenium
Protection of body tissue and cells from oxidative
damage
Selenium is an integral part of the enzyme system
glutathione peroxidase, which protects intracellular
structures against oxidative damage.
Minimum 15% of reference value
Text book
Authoritative
• Referencebook
• Nordic Council of Ministers
Garrow et al., 2000 (p200-201)
Shils et al., 1999 (p265-270)
WHO, 1999 (chap 10)
Expert Group, 2003 (p232-239)
Sweetman SC, editor. Martindale. The Complete Drug
Reference 2007; 35th ed.: 1799.
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004, 4th ed.: 397
• Selenium provides antioxidant protection that prevents
skin damage.
• Selenium protects body tissues and cells from oxidative
damage.
• Selenium is necessary for cell’s protection
• Selenium is a part of several enzymes that function as
antioxidants
• Selenium is necessary for cell’s protection
Selenium is an important antioxidant, which influence the
body’s defence against free radicals.
Selenium is important for the immune system.
Selenium necessary part of the antioxidative system of the body must be added to the list of vitamins in the annex General textbooks Selenium plays an important part of the antioxitave
system in the body, and thereby protects the cells of the
body.
Selenium The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids. National Academic
Press, Washington, 2000
29 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Selenium Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine studies 1) Berr, C.; Balansard, B.; Arnaud, J.; Roussel, A.M. and Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended in the
Alpérovitch, A. (2000) Cognitive decline is associated case of age related memory decine
with systemic oxidative stress: the EVA study. Etude du
viellissement artériel. J. Am. Ger. Soc. 48, 1285-1291 2)
Gray, S.L.; Hanlon ,J.T.; Landerman, L.R.; Artz, M.;
Schmader, K.E. and Fillenbaum, G.G. (2003) Is
antioxidant use protective of cognitive function in the
community-dwelling elderly? Am. J. Geriatr.
Pharmacother. 1(1), 3-10 General papers on selenium:
Foster, L.H. and Sumar, S. (1997) Selenium in health
and disease: a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 37(3),
211-228 and Rayman, M.P. (2000) The importance of
selenium to human health. Lancet 356, 233-241
Selenium Anitoxidants and aging Studies 1) Berr, C.; Balansard, B.; Arnaud, J.; Roussel, A.M. and
Alpérovitch, A. (2000) Cognitive decline is associated with
systemic oxidative stress: the EVA study. Etude du
viellissement artériel. J. Am. Ger. Soc. 48, 1285-1291 2) Gray,
Antioxidant vitamins and mineals act agains age-accelerating
free radicals
S.L.; Hanlon ,J.T.; Landerman, L.R.; Artz, M.; Schmader, K.E.
and Fillenbaum, G.G. (2003) Is antioxidant use protective of
cognitive function in the community-dwelling elderly? Am. J.
Geriatr. Pharmacother. 1(1), 3-10 General papers on selenium:
Foster, L.H. and Sumar, S. (1997) Selenium in health and
disease: a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 37(3), 211-228
and Rayman, M.P. (2000) The importance of selenium to
human health. Lancet 356, 233-241
Selenium The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies 1) Arthur JR, McKenzie R, Beckett GJ: Selenium in the Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
immune system. J Nutr 2003;1457S-1459S 2) Beck MA, Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
Levander OA, Handy J: Selenium deficiency and viral infectiondefenses
J Nutr 2003;133:1463S-1467S 3) Beckett GJ, Arthur JR,
Miller SM, McKenzie RC: Selenium; in Hughes DA,
Darlington LG, Bendich A (eds): Diet and human immune
function. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2004, chapter 12, pp 217-
240 4) Broome CS, McArdle F, Kyle JAM, Andrews F, Lowe
NM, Hart CA, Arthur JR, Jackson MJ: An increase in selenium
intake improves immune function and poliovirus handling in
adults with marginal selenium status. Am J Clin Nutr
2004;80:154-162 5) Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin C,
vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. A report of the Panel on
Antioxidants and Related compounds, Standing Committee on
the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes; Food
and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy
Press, Washington, D.C., 2000; chapter 7: Selenium, pp 284-
324. 6) Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD: Nutrients and
their role to host resistance to infection. J Leukoc Biol 200
Selenium
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least
100 % RDA
textbook, studies
1) Arthur JR, McKenzie R, Beckett GJ: Selenium in the Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
immune system. J Nutr 2003;1457S-1459S 2) Beck MA, Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
Levander OA, Handy J: Selenium deficiency and viral infection infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
J Nutr 2003;133:1463S-1467S 3) Beckett GJ, Arthur JR,
Miller SM, McKenzie RC: Selenium; in Hughes DA,
Darlington LG, Bendich A (eds): Diet and human immune
function. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2004, chapter 12, pp 217-
240 4) Broome CS, McArdle F, Kyle JAM, Andrews F, Lowe
NM, Hart CA, Arthur JR, Jackson MJ: An increase in selenium
intake improves immune function and poliovirus handling in
adults with marginal selenium status. Am J Clin Nutr
2004;80:154-162 5) Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin C,
vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. A report of the Panel on
Antioxidants and Related compounds, Standing Committee on
the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes; Food
and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy
Press, Washington, D.C., 2000; chapter 7: Selenium, pp 284-
324. 6) Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD: Nutrients and
their role to host resistance to infection. J Leukoc Biol 200
30 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Zinc
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reducefatigue and
textbook; studies
tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status
References
Example of wording
1) Institute of Medicine (2001) Dietary reference intakes for Supplementation with B-vitamins, iron, magnesium as well as
vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, vitamin C can reduce fatigue and tiredness in situations of
iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, inadequate micro-nutrient status
vanadium, and.... Institute of medicine. National Academic
Press, Washington D.C. 2) Driskell, J. A. (1999b) Minerals, in
Sports Nutrition, pp 85-117, Wolinsky I. ed, CRC Press 3)
Lukaski, H.C. (2004) Vitamin and mineral status: effects on
physical performance. Nutrition 20, 632-644 4) Córdova, A.
and Navas, F.J. (1998) Effect of training on zinc
metabolism: changes in serum and sweat zinc
concentrations in sportsmen. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 42, 274-
282 5) Anderson, R.A.; Polanski, M.M. and Bryden, N.A.
(1984) Strenous running: acute effects on chromium,
copper, zinc and selected clinical variables in urine and
serum of male runners. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 6, 327-
336 6) McDonald, R. and Keen, C.L. (1988) Iron, zinc
and magnesium nutrition and athletic performance
Sports Medicine 5, 171-184 7) Ganapathy, S. and Volpe,
S.L. (1999) Zinc, exercise, and thyroid hormone function
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 39(4), 369
Zinc The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium,
Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National
Academic Press, Washington, 2001
Zinc
The role of vitamins and minerals inmental performance
(where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain
and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration
learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)
textbook
1) Institute of Medicine (2001) Zinc In Dietary reference
intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron,
chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese,
molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and.... National
Academic Press, Washington D.C., chapter 12, pp 442-
501 2) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of
International Medical Research (in press) 3) King, J.C.
and Keen, C.L. (1999) Zinc. In: Shils, M.E.; Olson, J.A.;
Shike, M. and Ross, A.C. eds. Modern Nutrition in Health
and Disease, 9 th edition, Williams and Wilkins, pp 223-
239 4) Chesters J.K (1997) Zinc in O´Dell BL, Sunde RA
(eds): Handbook of nutritionally essential mineral
elements. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 185-230 5)
Dibley, M.J. (2001) Zinc In Bowman, B.A.; Russel, R.M.
(eds): Present knowledge in Nutrition, 8th edition.
Washington, DC, ILSI Press, chapter 31, pp 329-343
Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Zinc
The role of vitamins and minerals in sustaining mental
performance (where mental performance stands for those
aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects
like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as
resistance to stress)
Only for products with at least 100 % RDA of vitamins studies 1) Huskisson et al (2006) The Journal of International
Medical Research (in press) 2) Carroll, D.; Ring, C.;
Suter, M. and Willemsen, G. (2000) The effects of an
oral multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium,
and zinc on psychological well-being i
In situations of inadequate micronutrient status,
supplementation with water-soluble vitamins, minerals and zinc
can sustain mental performance (e.g. concentration, learning,
memory, reasoning)
Zinc Vitamin and mineral in age related memory decine studies 1) Burnet, F.M. (1981) A possible role of zinc in the
pathology of dementia. Lancet 1, 186-188 2)
Constantinidis, J. (1991) The hypothesis of zinc
deficiency in the pathogenesis of neurofibrillary tangles.
Med. Hypoth. 35(4), 319-323 3) Gray, S.L.; Hanlon ,J.T.;
Landerman, L.R.; Artz, M.; Schmader, K.E. and
Fillenbaum, G.G. (2003) Is antioxidant use protective of
cognitive function in the community-dwelling elderly?
Am. J. Geriatr. Pharmacother. 1(1), 3-10 4) Tully, C.L.;
Snowdon, D.A.; Markesbery, W.R. (1995) Serum zinc,
senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles: findings from
the Nun Study. Neuroreport 6(16), 2105-2108 5) Huang,
E.P. (1997) Metal ions and synaptic transmission: Think
zinc. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 94, 13386-13387 6)
Sandstead, H.H. (2000) Causes of iron and zinc
deficiencies and their effect on brain. J. Nutr. 130, 347S-
349S
Vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended in the
case of age related memory decine
31 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Zinc
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
evidence
The role of vitamin C and zinc in strengthening immunity Only for at least 0.5 g vitamin C, 10 mg zinc textbook, studies 1) Fraker PJ, King LE, Laakko T, Vollmer TL: The dynamic Vitamin C and zinc strengthen the immune
link between the integrity of the immune system and zinc statussystem/natural defenses
J Nutr 2000;130:1399S-1406S 2) Fraker PJ, King LE:
Reprogramming of the immune system during zinc deficiency.
Annu Rev Nutr 2004;24:277-298 3) Ibs KH, Rink L: Zinc; in
Hughes DA, Darlington LG, Bendich A (eds): Diet and human
immune function. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2004, chapter
13, pp 241-259 4) Ibs K-H, Rink L: Zinc-altered immune
function. J Nutr 2003;133:1452S-1456S) 5) Prasad AS:
Effects of zinc deficiency on immune functions. J Trace Elem
Exp Med 2000;13:1-30 6) Rink L, Gabriel P: Zinc and the
immune system. Proc Nutr Soc 2000:59:541-552 7) Shankar
AH, Prasad AS: Zinc and immune function: the biological basis
of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:447S
463S 8) Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH. Immuneenhancing
role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical
conditions. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):85-94 9) Institute of
Medicine (2001) Zinc In Dietary reference intakes for vitamin
A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, m
Zinc The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity textbook, studies 1) Fraker PJ, King LE, Laakko T, Vollmer TL: The Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid, Selenium, Zinc,
dynamic link between the integrity of the immune system Copper and Iron are important for the immune system/natural
and zinc status. J Nutr 2000;130:1399S-1406S 2) Fraker defenses
PJ, King LE: Reprogramming of the immune system
during zinc deficiency. Annu Rev Nutr 2004;24:277-298
3) Ibs KH, Rink L: Zinc; in Hughes DA, Darlington LG,
Bendich A (eds): Diet and human immune function.
Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2004, chapter 13, pp 241-
259 4) Ibs K-H, Rink L: Zinc-altered immune function. J
Nutr 2003;133:1452S-1456S) 5) Prasad AS: Effects of
zinc deficiency on immune functions. J Trace Elem Exp
Med 2000;13:1-30 6) Rink L, Gabriel P: Zinc and the
immune system. Proc Nutr Soc 2000:59:541-552 7)
Shankar AH, Prasad AS: Zinc and immune function: the
biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J
Clin Nutr 1998;68:447S-463S 8) Wintergerst ES,
Maggini S, Hornig DH. Immune-enhancing role of
vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions. Ann
Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):85-94 9) Institute of Medicine
(2001) Zinc In Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A,
vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron,
Zinc
The role of vitamins and minerals in restoring resistance to
infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Only for dietary supplements with vitamin-amounts of at least
100 % RDA
textbook, studies
1) Fraker PJ, King LE, Laakko T, Vollmer TL: The dynamic Supplementation with Vitamin C, E, A, D, B6, B12 folic acid,
link between the integrity of the immune system and zinc statusSelenium, Zinc, Copper and Iron can restore the resistance to
J Nutr 2000;130:1399S-1406S 2) Fraker PJ, King LE: infection in situations of inadequate micro-nutrient status
Reprogramming of the immune system during zinc deficiency.
Annu Rev Nutr 2004;24:277-298 3) Ibs KH, Rink L: Zinc; in
Hughes DA, Darlington LG, Bendich A (eds): Diet and human
immune function. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2004, chapter
13, pp 241-259 4) Ibs K-H, Rink L: Zinc-altered immune
function. J Nutr 2003;133:1452S-1456S) 5) Prasad AS:
Effects of zinc deficiency on immune functions. J Trace Elem
Exp Med 2000;13:1-30 6) Rink L, Gabriel P: Zinc and the
immune system. Proc Nutr Soc 2000:59:541-552 7) Shankar
AH, Prasad AS: Zinc and immune function: the biological basis
of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:447S
463S 8) Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH. Immuneenhancing
role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical
conditions. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):85-94 9) Institute of
Medicine (2001) Zinc In Dietary reference intakes for vitamin
A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, m
32 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Zinc Wound healing Minimum 15% of reference value Text book 1
Authoritative
Reviews
References
Garrow et al., 2000 (p192-194)
Shils et al., 1999 (p228-232)
Expert Group, 2003 (253-262)
WHO, 1999 (chap 12)
Lansdown et al., 2007.
Schwartz et al., 2005.
Example of wording
• Zinc is necessary for healing of the skin
• Zinc helps in wound healing
Zinc
Protection of body tissue and cells from oxidative
damage
Open intervention study
Clinical study
Minimum 15% of reference value Text book 1
Frias Soriano et al., 2004.
Merchant et al., 1977.
Garrow et al., 2000 (p192-194)
Shils et al., 1999 (p228-232)
• Zinc has an antioxidant effect.
• Zinc protects the cell membranes against free radicals.
Authoritative
WHO, 1999 (chap 12)
Expert Group, 2003 (253-262)
Zinc Stabilizes cell membranes Minimum 15% of reference value Text book 1
Reviews
Powell, 2000.
PGarrow d et 2007 al., 2000 (p192-194)
Shils et al., 1999 (p228-232)
• Zinc stabilizes cell membranes.
Authoritativ
Zinc Skin Minimum 15% of reference value Text book 1
Zinc
Zinc plays an important role in growth and is an
important antioxidant.
Authoritative
Review
• Review
• Randomized controlled trial
• Randomized controlled trial
• Randomized controlled trial
• Review
WHO, 1999 (chap 12)
Expert Group, 2003 (253-262)
Garrow et al., 2000 (p735-738)
WHO, 1999 (chap 12)
Lansdown et al., 2007.
Also see reference list Zink company 14
Wintergerst ES et al. Contribution of Selected Vitamins
and Trace Elements to Immune Function. Ann Nutr
Metab 2007; 51: 301-23.
Girodon F et al. Impact of trace elements and vitamin
supplementation on immunity and infections in
institutionalized elderly patients: a randomized controlled
trial. MIN. VIT. AOX. geriatric network. Arch Intern
Med1999;159:748-54.
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A
randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of high-dose
supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene,
and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and
vision loss: AREDS report No. 8. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;
119: 1417-36.
• Zinc constitutes a part of enzymes and proteins that are
important for the skin.
• Zinc provides antioxidant protection that prevents skin
damage.
• Zinc is important for the immune system.
• Zinc plays a role in the body’s antioxidant defence.
• Zink can work against harmful influence on the eye.
• Zinc is improtant for growth.
Newsome DA, Swartz M & Leone NC: Oral zinc in
macular degeneration. Arch Ophthamol 1988; 106:192-
198.
Hambidge M. Human zinc deficiency. J Nutr 2000; 130:
1344S-9S
Zink necessary part of the immune system > 2,25 mg/100 g General textbooks Zink plays an important part of the bodys immune
system
Zink necessary for wound healing > 2,25 mg/100 g General textbooks Zink is imprtant for wound healing
Zink Immune system • Authoritative body
• Scientific body
• Textbook
See reference list Zink company 16
• Zinc is necessary for the function of the immune
system
• Zinc helps to support a healthy immune system
Zink Skin and wound healing • Authoritative body
• Textbook
Zink Bone formation • Textbook
• Reviews
• Individual studies
JHCI – Joint Health Claims Initiative – Final Technical • Zinc is needed for healthy skin
Report – A List of Well Established Nutrient Function • Zinc aids in wound healing
Statements
http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/jhci_healthreport
.pdf
See reference list Zink company 16
• Zinc helps building and maintaining strong bones
33 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
MACRONUTRIENTS
PROTEIN
Milk protein Maintains and aids natural body functions • Authorative/Scientific bodies
• Review
References
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004. 4th ed.
Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Nord 2004:13.
Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2004.
- FAO/WHO/UNU. Energy and protein requirements.
WHO Techn Rep Series 724. WHO. Geneva, 1985.
Example of wording
Milk protein has high nutritional quality
- Cécile Bos, PhD, Claire Gaudichon, PhD and Daniel
Tomé, PhD. Nutritional and Physiological Criteria in the
Assessment of Milk Protein Quality for Humans. Journal
of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 19, No. 90002,
191S-205S (2000)
Protein Satiety • Reviews
• Individual studies
See reference list Protein company 16
• Foods/meals/diets rich in protein help you feel fuller for
longer to help manage your weight
• Protein promotes satiety
Protein Growth, development and maintenance of the body • Textbook See reference list Protein company 16 • Protein is essential for normal growth and development
• Proteins help to build and maintain a strong body
Protein Bone health • Review
• Individual studies (intervention studies/ clinical trials,
epidemiological studies, animal studies)
See reference list Protein company 16
• Protein contributes to the bone health
• Protein has beneficial effects on bone health
Protein
source of essential aminoacids which are necessary for
development and function of most tissues in the body
> 12 E% General textbooks Proteins are essential for normal growth and
development
Proteins are needed for transport of other nutrients in the
body
CARBOHYDRATES
AndoSan Carbohydrates: 92 g per 100 g, including β-
glucan
Innate immunity and infection The product must contain at least 0.1 g carbohydrate per • Human ex vivo study (C)
consumption per day
• Human ex vivo study, human cell study and mouse
studies (D)
• Human in vitro study (E)
• Human in vivo study (F)
See references C, D, E, F, G company 8
AndoSan supplementary diet along with a healthy
lifestyle can help improve the body's natural ability to
fight infections.
AndoSan Carbohydrates: 92 g per 100 g, including β-
glucan
Diabetes type II
The product must contain at least 0.1 g carbohydrate per • Mouse study (H)
consumption per day
• Mouse study (I)
• Mouse study
See references H, I company 8
AndoSan supplementary diet along with a healthy
lifestyle can help improve the body's natural ability to
regulate the blood sugar
AndoSan Carbohydrates: 92 g per 100 g, including β-
glucan
Inflammatory disorders The product must contain at least 0.15 g carbohydrate
per consumption per day
• Human in vitro study (J)
• Human in vitro study (K)
• Human study (L)
See references J, K, L company 8
AndoSan supplementary diet along with a healthy
lifestyle can help improve the body's natural ability to
prevent the immune system from overreacting and
attacking itself, as for example in rheumatoid arthritis
and Crohn's disease.
AndoSan Carbohydrates: 92 g per 100 g, including β-
glucan
Improved quality of life during chemotherapy The product must contain at least 0.1 g carbohydrate per • Human study (M)
consumption per day
• Anecdotes (N)
See references M, N company 8
AndoSan supplementary diet along with a healthy
lifestyle can help improve the body's natural ability to
rehabilitate when being exposed to physical activity and
demanding requirements.
AndoSan Carbohydrates: 92 g per 100 g, including β-
glucan
Improved restitution after sport The product must contain at least 0.1 g carbohydrate per • Human study (M)
consumption per day
• Anecdotes (N)
See references M, N company 8
AndoSan supplementary diet along with a healthy
lifestyle can help improve the body's natural ability to
rehabilitate when being exposed to physical activity.
AndoSan Carbohydrates: 92 g per 100 g, including β-
glucan
Antioxidant activity The product must contain at least 0.1 g carbohydrate per • Cell study (O)
consumption per day
• Chemical study (P)
See references O, P company 8
Antioxidants are important for building up a strong
immune defence system
AndoSan β-glucan: 3 g per 100 g
Blood cholesterol The product must contain at least 0,75g β-glucan per
consumption per day.
• Meta analysis Meta-analyse: A
• Authoritative bodies Myndigheter
• Randomised control study Randomisert konroll studie:
B
Also see references A-Q company 8 Brown L,
RosnerB, Willett WW and sacks FM. Cholesterollowerinf
effects of dietary fibre: a meta-analysis. Am J
Clin Nutr 1999. 69(1):30-42.
US Federal Register. 1997; 62(15): 3583-3601.
Kerckhoffs DA, Hornstra G and Mensink RP. Cholesterollowering
effect of β-glucan from oat bran in mildly
hypercholesterolaemic subjects may decrease when β-
glucan is incorporated into bread and cookies. Am J
CLin Nutr 2003;78(2):221-227.
AndoSan supplementary diet along with a healthy
lifestyle can help improve the body's natural ability to
regulate blood cholesterol
34 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Carbohydrates Source of energy Should be applied only to foods containing essential Authoritative/Scientific Body
amounts of carbohydrates.
References
FAO. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation:
carbohydrates in human nutrition, in FAO
food and nutrition paper Rome, 1998.
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/w8079e/w8079e08.htm#ph
ysical%20activity
Example of wording
Carbohydrates have a beneficial impact on exercise
performance.
Carbohydrates help/are necessary for reconstruction of
the body’s energy/glycogen reserves.
AFSSA (2004) Glucides et santé: état des lieux,
évaluation et recommandations.
Carbohydrates with a low glycaemic index (GI) Slow blood glucose response Basic criteria:
The GI-value of the product shall be determined by at
least two independent determinations using good
methodology. GI must be below 55 in both
determinations (glucose reference).
The product shall contain at least 15 g (preferably 20g)
available carbohydrates per serving.
There must be a substantial variation in GI within the
food category to which the product in question belongs.
More details are specified on SNFs website:
http://www.snf.ideon.se/snf/en/rh/GI_en.htm
• Report
• Review
• Authorative body
Arvidsson-Lenner R, Asp N-G, Axelsen M, Bryngelsson Foods with a low glycaemic index (GI) give a low and
S, Haapa E, Järvi A, Karlström B, Raben A, Sohlstrm A, slow blood glucose response.
Thosrsdottir I, Vessby B. Glycaemic Index. Relevance for
health, dietary recommendations and food labelling.
Scand J Food Nutr 2004; 48: 84-94.
Brouns F, Bjork I, Frayn KN, Gibbs AL, Lang V, Slama
G, Wolever TMS. Glycaemic index methodology.
Nutrition Research Reviews 2005, 18: 145-71.
FAO/WHO: FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 66:
Carbohydrates in human nutrition. Report from a joint
FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Rome; 1998.
Dietary fibre Bowel function The product shall be a source of dietary fibre.
Normal daily consumption of the product shall provide at
least 3.75 g dietary fibre.
Insoluble dietary fibre, such as in wheat bran, have the
most prominent effects on faecal bulk.
Authoriative body Nordic Nutrition Recommendation, 2004 (chapter 12, p.
185)
Dietary fibre helps to maintain normal bowel/colonic
function.
Lactose Calcium absorption • Reviews
• Individual studies
See reference list Lactose company 16
• Lactose supports calcium absorption
Oat and barley/soluble dietary fibre; betaglucans Blood cholesterol This claim may be used for rolled oats/barley and
oat/barley bran, as well as mixtures that contain these
raw materials. For prosessed foods containing these or
other raw material high in betaglucans, a retained
cholesterol-lowering effect after prosessing must be
substanitiated.
The product must contain 0,75 g of betaglucans per
normal serving, or provide 3 g/day at a normal amount
consumed.
• Authorative body
• Report
Barley: FDA: Food Labeling: Health Claims; Soluble
Dietary Fiber From Certain Foods and Coronary Heart
Disease (Barley): Final Rule. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), US, May 22. Federal Register,
2006; 71(98): 29248-50.
(http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr060522.html)
Oat: FDA: Food Labeling: Health Claims; Oats and
Coronary Heart Disease; Final Rule. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), January 23. US. Federal Register
1997; 62 (15): 3583-3601.
(http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr970123.html)
A diet high in soluble fibre from oat/barley may help to
maintain healthy blood levels of cholesterol.
A diet high in soluble fibre form oat/barley may
contribute to lower blood levels of cholesterol.
Åman P. Cholesterol-lowering effects of barley dietary
fibre in humans: scientific support for a generic health
claim. Scand J Food Nutr 2006; 50: 173-6.
Asp N-G, Åman P. Vetenskaplig documentation av
hälsopåståenden. Kolesterolsänkande effekt av lösliga
fibrer. Scan J Nutr 2000; 44: 86-7 (in Swedish).
35 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Oat and barley/soluble dietary fibre; beta-glucans Heart health This claim may be used for rolled oats/barley and • Authorative body
oat/barley bran, as well as mixtures that contain these • Report
raw materials. For prosessed foods containing these or
other raw material high in betaglucans, a retained
cholesterol-lowering effect after prosessing must be
substanitiated.
The product must contain 0,75 g of betaglucans per
normal serving, or provide 3 g/day at a normal amount
consumed.
A LDL-cholesterol lowering effect is substantiated for
soluble dietary fibre from oat and barley (beta-glucans).
High levels of LDL are closely associated with increased
risk of cardiovascular disease.
References
Barley: FDA: Food Labeling: Health Claims; Soluble
Dietary Fiber From Certain Foods and Coronary Heart
Disease (Barley): Final Rule. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), US, May 22. Federal Register,
2006; 71(98): 29248-50.
(http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr060522.html)
Oat: FDA: Food Labeling: Health Claims; Oats and
Coronary Heart Disease; Final Rule. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), January 23. US. Federal Register
1997; 62 (15): 3583-3601.
(http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr970123.html)
Åman P. Cholesterol-lowering effects of barley dietary
fibre in humans: scientific support for a generic health
claim. Scand J Food Nutr 2006; 50: 173-6.
Example of wording
A diet high in soluble fibre (beta-glucan) from oat/barley
may help to maintain a healthy heart.
Asp N-G, Åman P. Vetenskaplig documentation av
hälsopåståenden. Kolesterolsänkande effekt av lösliga
fibrer. Scan J Nutr 2000; 44: 86-7 (in Swedish).
Beta-glucan from cell wall from Bakers yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Immune system 5 mg per kg body mass per day Critical reviews, Human studies, Animal studies, In vitro
studies
Whole grain Heart health The product must have a whole grain content of at least
50 % calculated on the product’s dry weight.
The percentage of whole grain, based on dry weight,
shall be included in the declaration of the product’s
ingredients, eg as follows: “Water, wheat flour, whole
grain rye flour (X %, equivalent to Y % based on dry
weight), sugar, salt.”
Whole grain refers to intact or ground whole seed
kernels (i.e., cereal grains where all components
contained in the grain seed, along with the seed shell,
are included) of wheat, oats, barley and rye.
Authoritative body
No references provided from company
Beta-glucan from Bakers Yeast:
• Strengthens the immune system
• Stimulates the immune system
• Enhances the bodies immune defences
• Helps to support and maintain a strong and healthy
immune system
• Enhances the resistance against harmful microorganisms
(such as bacteria and viruses)
• Helps the immune system to recognise and destroy
foreign invaders such as bacteria, virus, fungus and
parasites
• Helps to balance the immune system
• Helps to restore the immune balance
• Positively influences the balance of the immune system
FDA: Health claims: fruits, vegetables, and grain A healthy lifestyle and a well-balanced diet high in whole
products that contain fiber, particularly soluble fiber, and grain may contribute to a maintained healthy heart.
risk of coronary heart disease. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), April 1. Code of Federal
Regulation 2002; 21 (2): 132-4.
36 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
FATS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
References
Example of wording
Cod Liver Oil Brain, eye and nerve development Minimum 15% of reference amounts Authorative bodies
Expert Report
See reference list Cod liver oil company 6
Cod Liver Oil is important for brain development and
function.
DHA omega-3 fatty acid Brain, eye and nerve development Minimum 15% of reference amounts Authorative bodies
Expert Report
DHA/EPA Support/maintain joint health Min. 2 g DHA and/or EPA daily Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical
trials.
See reference list DHA company 6
See reference list company 13
DHA* is important for brain development and function.
DHA* supports normal development of the brain, eyes
and nerves.
DHA* is important for normal eye development and
function.
DHA* supports normal cognitive development.
DHA* supports optimal cognitive function.
* or “Long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids”
* or “Marine omega-3 fatty acids”
* or “Fish oil”
* or “Natural fish oil”
• Helps to maintain mobility and flexibility of joints.
• Helps to diminish morning stiffness in joints.
EPA/DHA omega-3 fatty acids Heart Health Minimum 15% of reference amounts Authorative bodies
Essential fatty acids, omega 6 fatty acids, GLA Skin health Review
Expert Report
Clinical studies
Fat
necessary for absorption of fatsoluble vitamins and other
fatsoluble components
General textbooks
Fish oil Support/maintain joint health Min. 2.6 g fish oil daily Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical
trials.
See reference list EPA/ DHA company 6
Horrobin, 2000.
Ziboh et al., 2002.
Ziboh et al., 2000.
Brosche & Platt, 2000.
Henz et al., 1999.
Miller & Ziboh, 1988.
See reference list company 13
EPA/DHA* support a healthy heart.
EPA/DHA* help maintain heart health.
* or “Long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids”
* or “Fish oil”
* or “Natural fish oil”
* or “Marine omega-3 fatty acids”
• Omega 6 fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid may improve
the hydration of the skin.
• Omega 6 fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid has a positive
effect on the hydration of skin.
• Intake of omega 6 fatty acids improves the hydration of
the skin.
• Intake of omega 6 fatty acids has a positive effect on
the hydration of skin.
• Omega 6 fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid has a positive
effect on dry skin.
• Omega 6 fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid can have a
positive effect in case of itch.
Fat is needed to absorb the fatsoluble vitamins
• Helps to maintain mobility and flexibility of joints.
• Helps to diminish morning stiffness in joints.
Marine omega-3 fatty acid Brain, eye and nerve development Minimum 15% of reference amounts Authorative bodies
Expert Report
See reference list Marine omega-3 company 6
Marine omega-3 fatty acid*is important for brain
development and function.
Marine omega-3 fatty acid* supports normal
development of the brain, eyes and nerves.
Marine omega-3 fatty acid* is important for normal eye
development and function.
Marine omega-3 fatty acid* supports normal cognitive
development.
Marine omega-3 fatty acid* supports optimal cognitive
function.
* or “Long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids”
*or “Fish oil”
37 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) Balance of essential fatty acids At least 120 mg per serving. One serving should provide • Authoritative Body
an amount of EPA and DHA that is relevant compared to • Authoritative Body
nutritional recommendations. Two meals of fatty • Review
fish/week provides approximately 450 mg EPA and DHA • Review
per day. 120 mg corresponds to 25% of this amount.
References
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004. 4th ed.
WHO Technical Report N°916 “Diet, Nutrition And The
Prevention Of Chronic Diseases” www.who.org
Kang JX. Balance of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty
acids is important for health. The evidence from gene
transfer studies. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2005;95:93-102
Simopoulos AP, Cleland LG, Omega-6/omega-3
Essential Fatty Acid Ratio: The Scientific Evidence.
World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 2003 Vol. 92
Example of wording
• Consumtion of more omega-3 fatty acids relative to
omega-6 may improve balance of fatty acids in the body
• The average western diet contains too little omega-3
fatty acids relative to omega-6
• More omega-3 fatty acids relative to omega-6 in a
typical western diet could improve health
Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) Blood pressure One serving should constitute at least 450 mg of EPA
and DHA. The amount corresponds to 15% of 3 grams,
which is the amount that is observed to have effect.
• Authoritative Body
• Authoritative Body
• Scientific Body
• Review
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004. 4th ed.
SACN/COT (Scientific Advisory Committee)2004. Advice
on fish consumption: benefits and risks.
http://www.sacn.gov.uk/reports/#
• Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) help
maintain normal bloodpressure.
• Contributes to a healthy blood pressure
• Help normalize mild hypertension
WHO Technical Report N°916 “Diet, Nutrition And The
Prevention Of Chronic Diseases” www.who.org
Mori TA. Omega-3 fatty acids and hypertension in
humans. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33(9):842-6
Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA)
Brain development, cognitive development and cognitive >100 mg og EPA and DHA per serving • Authoritative Body
function
• Scientific Body
• Review
• Review
• Observational study
• Epidemiology
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004, 4th ed.
SACN/COT (Scientific Advisory Committee)2004. Advice
on fish consumption: benefits and risks.
http://www.sacn.gov.uk/reports/#
Bourre JM. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure
and function of the nervous system: update on dietary
requirements for brain. Part 2 : macronutrients. J Nutr
Health Aging. 2006;10(5):386-99
Innis SM. Dietary (n-3) fatty acids and brain
development. J Nutr. 2007;137(4):855-9
Whalley LJ, Fox HC, Wahle KW, Starr JM, Deary IJ.
Cognitive aging, childhood intelligence, and the use of
food supplements: possible involvement of n-3 fatty
acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1650-7
van Gelder BM, Tijhuis M, Kalmijn S, Kromhout D. Fish
consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and subsequent 5-y
cognitive decline in elderly men: the Sutpen Elderly
study. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1142-7
• Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) play a role
in normal brain development and cognitive function
• Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) contribute
to mental health and cognitive functioning throughout life
• The marine omega-3 fatty acid DHA is an important
constituent of the brain.
• There is an association between intake of omega-3
fatty acids of marine origin and learning
• Intake of the marine omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA
in pregnancy may be favourable for the mental
development of the newborn child
Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) Cardiovascular health For maintaining cardiovascular health, a minimum of
500 mg EPA and DHA daily is recommended by
• Authoritative Body
• Authoritative Body
ISSFAL (International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids• Policy statement
and Lipids). One serving of the food in question should
supply a minimum of 20% of this amount (equivalent to
100 mg).
• Scientific Body
• Review of existing dietary recommendations
• Systematic Review
• Review
• The Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews
• Rebuttal to the Hooper review
• Final report on approval of health claim
• Scientific statement by American Heart Association
(AHA)
• Review
See reference list Marine omega-3 company 20
• Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) contribute
to heart health
• Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) are good
for your heart
• EPA and DHA are omega-3 fatty acids that acts
favourably on your heart
38 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) Heartbeat For cardiovascular health, a minimum of 500 mg EPA • Authoritative Body
and DHA daily is recommended by ISSFAL (International
Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids). One
serving of the food in question should supply a minimum • Authoritative Body
of 20% of this amount (equivalent to 100 mg).
• Review
• Epidemiology
References
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004. 4th ed.
WHO Technical Report N°916 “Diet, Nutrition And The
Prevention Of Chronic Diseases” www.who.org
Breslow JL. N-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease.
Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83(suppl):1477S-82S
Chrysohou C, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas J,
Krinos X, Chloptios Y, Nikolaou V, Stefanadis C. Longterm
fish consumption is associated with protection
against arrythmia in healthy persons in a Mediterranian
region – the ATTICA study. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1385-
91
Example of wording
• Omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin (EPA and DHA)
help heart muscle work smoothly
• Omega-3 fatty acids of marine origine (EPA and DHA)
help to maintain stable heart rythm
Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) Immune system At least 120 mg per serving. One serving should provide • Review
an amount of EPA and DHA that is relevant compared to
nutritional recommendations. Two meals of fatty
fish/week provides approximately 450 mg EPA and DHA
per day. 120 mg corresponds to 25% of this amount. • Review
• Clinical trial
Plat J, Mensink RP. Food components and Immune
Function. Current Opinion in Lipidology. 2005, 16:31-37
Sijben JW, Calder PC. Differential immunomodulation
with long-chain n-3 PUFA in health and chronic disease.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2007, 66(2):237-59
Nakamura K, Kariyazono H, Komokata T, Hamada N,
Sakata R, Yamada K Influence of preoperative
administration of omega-3 fatty acid-enriched
supplement on inflammatory and immune responses in
patients undergoing major surgery for cancer.
Nutrition.2005;21(6):639-49
• Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) contributes
to healthy immuneresponse
• Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) help
regulate inflammatory responses in the body
Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) Triglycerides One serving should constitute at least 225 mg of EPA
and DHA. This amount corresponds to 15% of the 1,5
gram per day that is observed to give effect.
• Authoritative Body
• Authoritative Body
• Scientific Body
• Review
• Review
• Review
• Review
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004. 4th ed.
WHO Technical Report N°916 “Diet, Nutrition And The
Prevention Of Chronic Diseases” www.who.org
SACN/COT (Scientific Advisory Committee)2004. Advice
on fish consumption: benefits and risks.
http://www.sacn.gov.uk/reports/#
Mc Kenney JM, Sica D. Role of prescription omega-3
fatty acids in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.
Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27(5):715-28
Weber P, Raederstorff D. Triglyceride-lowering effect of
omega-3 LC-polyunsaturated fatty acids –a review. Nutr
Metab Cardiovasc Dis.2000;10(1):28-37
Harris WS. N-3 Fatty acids and serum lipoproteins:
human studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(suppl):1645S-
54S
Von Schacky C. A review of omega-3 ethyl esters for
cardiovascular prevention and treatment of increased
blood triglyceride levels. Vasc Health Risk
Manag.2006;2(3):251-62
• Consuming marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and
DHA) helps control levels of triglycerides in blood
• Consuming marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and
DHA) helps regulate bloodlipids
• Marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) help
normalizing bloodlipid levels
Omega 3 fatty acids General health Text book 1
Authoritative
Review
Garrow et al., 2000 (p700, 716)
Shils et al., 1999 (p84-93)
FAO & WHO, 1994.
SACN, 2004.
Seo et al., 2005.
Shahidi & Miraliakbari, 2004, 2005.
Siddiqui et al., 2004.
Simopoulos, 1991.
• Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for a number of vital
functions in our body
Omega 3 fatty acids Maintains bone structure Reviews
Watkins et al., 2001a.
• Omega 3 fatty acids helps maintain/keep a strong bone
Watkins et al., 2001b.
structure
Randomized double blinded study
Griel et al., 2007.
• Increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake in the diet may
boost bone health and reduce the risk of low bone mass
later in life
Clinical study
Cohort study
Baggio et al., 2005.
Högström et al., 2007.
In vitro
Weiss et al 2005
Omega 3 fatty acids Function and problems of the eyes > 0.7 g per serving Randomized clinical trial Creuzot et al., 2006. • Omega 3 fatty acids prevents dry-eye syndrome
39 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Omega 3 fatty acids Cognitive function > 0.7 g per serving Text book
Review
Cohort studies
Randomized clinical trial
Omega 3 fatty acids Development of the brain > 0.7 g per serving Text book 1
Authoritative
Review
Omega 3 fatty acids Mood effects > 0.7 g per serving Reviews
Placebo controlled study
Clinical study
Garrow et al., 2000 (p716)
Shils et al., 1999 (p84-93)
References
Freemantle et al., 2006.
Innis, 2007.
Issa et al. 2006.
McCann & Ames, 2005.
McNamara & Carlson, 2006.
Uauy & Dangour, 2006
Beydoun et al. 2007.
Heude et al. 2003.
Kalmijn et al. 2004.
Laurin, et al. 2003.
Morris et al. 2005.
Van Gelder et al. 2007.
Whalley et al. 2004.
Freund-Levi et al. 2006.
Garrow et al., 2000 (p700, 716)
Shils et al., 1999 (p84-93)
FAO & WHO, 1994.
Innis, 2007.
McCann & Ames, 2005.
McNamara & Carlson, 2006.
Uauy & Dangour 2006
Appleton et al., 2006.
Brunner et al., 2002.
Freeman et al., 2006.
Garland & Hallahan, 2006.
Parker et al., 2006.
Fontani et al., 2005
Hamazaki et al., 1996.
Sagduyu et al., 2005.
Example of wording
• Omega 3 fatty acids may improve cognitive function
• Omega 3 fatty acids improve your health, both mentally
and physically
• Omega 3 fatty are important for brain cell function
• Omega 3 fatty acids are essential for brain function
• Omega 3 fatty acids support brain function
• Omega 3 fatty acids can promote brain health
• Omega 3 fatty acids protect brain cells
• Omega 3 fatty acids increase short term memory
• Omega 3 fatty acids slow brain aging
• Omega-3-fatty acids are vital to brain development
• Omega 3 fatty acids can have a stabilizing effect on the
mood
• Omega 3 fatty acids oils enhance mood stability
Cohort studies
Hakkarainen et al., 2004.
Silver & Scott 2002
Omega 3 fatty acids Mood effects > 0.7 g per serving Placebo controlled study Fontani et al., 2005
Hallahan et al., 2007.
Hamazaki et al., 1996.
Omega 3 fatty acids reduces tension and stress, and
therefore anger, in all age groups
Omega 3 fatty acids Mood effects > 0.7 g per serving Studies
Review
Omega 3 fatty acids Development and function of the nervous system > 0.7 g per serving Text book 1
Authoritative
Review
Omega 3 fatty acids Development and function of the eyes > 0.7 g per serving Text book 1
Authoritative
Review studies
Randomized clinical trial
Delarue et al., 2003.
Hamazaki et al., 2000.
Yehuda et al., 2005.
Bhathena, 2000.
Garrow et al., 2000 (p716)
Shils et al., 1999 (p84-93)
FAO & WHO, 1994.
Bazan, 2007.
Crawford, 2006.
Innis, 2007.
Kan et al., 2007.
McCann & Ames, 2005.
McNamara & Carlson, 2006.
Garrow et al., 2000 (p716)
Shils et al., 1999 (p84-93)
FAO & WHO, 1994.
Alessandri et al., 2004.
Hodge et al., 2006a.
Hodge et al., 2006b.
McNamara & Carlson, 2006.
Uauy & Dangour, 2006
Birch et al., 2007.
Birch et al., 2005.
Creuzot et al., 2006.
Hoffman et al., 2004.
Omega 3 fatty acids reduce the levels of the stress
hormones, including adrenalin and cortisol.
• Omega 3 fatty acids are essential for normal
development of the nervous system
• Omega 3 fatty acids support the nervous system
• Omega 3 fatty acids is important for optimal functioning
of the nervous system.
• Omega 3 fatty acids are essential for normal eye
development
• Omega 3 fatty acids support eye function
• Omega 3 fatty acids are important for optimal sight
function.
• The omega 3 fatty acid DHA is important for the brain
and sight.
• Omega-3-fatty acids are vital to eye development
40 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Omega 3 fatty acids Affects hearts activity > 0.7 g per serving Review
Placebo controlled study
Cohort study
Omega 3 fatty acids Affects blood lipids > 0.7 g per serving Text book 1
Authoritative
Review
Randomized clinical trial
Clinical studies
Omega 3 fatty acids Antiatherosclerotic effect > 0.7 g per serving Text book 1
Authoritative
Review
Randomized clinical study
Clinical study
Cohort study
Omega 3 fatty acids Affects blood pressure > 0.7 g per serving Review
Clinical study
Simopoulos, 1991.
Engler & Engler, 2006.
Geelen et al., 2004.
Harris, 2004.
Ismail, 2005.
Xiao et al., 2005.
Hagstrup et al., 1999.
References
Brouwer et al., 2006.
Garrow et al., 2000 (p700, 716)
Shils et al., 1999 (p84-93)
FAO & WHO, 1994.
SACN, 2004.
Balk et al., 2006.
Carpentier et al., 2006.
Dyerberg & Bang, 1979.
Kris-Etherton et al., 2003.
McKenney & Sica, 2007.
Robinson & Stone, 2006.
Shahidi & Miraliakbari, 2004.
Simopoulos, 1991.
Baldassarre et al., 2006.
Lee et al., 2006.
Maki et al., 2005.
Di Stasi et al., 2004.
Putadechakum et al., 2005.
Satoh et al., 2007.
Garrow et al., 2000 (p700, 716)
Shils et al., 1999 (p84-93)
FAO & WHO, 1994.
SACN, 2004.
Abeywardena & Head, 2001.
De Caterina & Massaro, 2005.
De Caterina et al., 2006.
Dyerberg & Bang, 1979.
Engler & Engler, 2006.
Kris-Etherton et al., 2003.
Simopoulos, 1991.
Baldassarre et al., 2006.
Lee et al., 2006.
Di Stasi et al., 2004.
Nagakawa et al., 1983.
Vanschoonbeek et al., 2004.
Okuda et al 2005
Abeywardena & Head, 2001.
Robinson & Stone, 2006.
Engler & Engler, 2006.
Sakamoto et al., 2000.
Example of wording
• Omega 3 fatty acids have a positive effect on heart
activity
• Omega 3 fatty acids can help to regulate heart beat
• Omega 3 fatty acids prevents dangerous changes in
heart rhythm.
• Omega-3 stabilizes heart rhythm.
• Omega-3 seems to protect against dangerous
interruptions in the heart rhythm.
• Intake of omega 3 fatty acids reduces the content of
triglycerides in the blood.
• Omega 3 fatty acids reduces plasma triacylglycelrols
and improve the lipoprotein profile in the blood.
• Omega 3 fatty acids has a positive impact on the lipid
profile of the blood
• Omega 3 fatty acids may have a positive effect on the
cholesterol profile of the blood
• Omega 3 fatty acids are “anti-coagulating” and reduces
growth of atherosclerotic plaque
• Omega 3 fatty acids reduces coagulation in blood veins
• Omega 3 fatty acids keeps your blood from clotting
excessively
• Omega 3 fatty acids decreases platelet aggregation,
preventing excessive blood clotting
• Omega 3 fatty acids may have an antiatherosclerotic
effect.
• Omega 3 fatty acids makes the blood run more easily
through the veins.
• Omega 3 fatty acids reduces tension in blood arteries
by making muscle cells relax.
• Omega 3 fatty acids improves “blood flow in capillaries.
• Omega 3 fatty acids may reduce blood pressure
Omega 3 fatty acids Affects blood vessels > 0.7 g per serving Review Abeywardena & Head, 2001.
Engler & Engler, 2006.
Robinson & Stone, 2006.
• Omega 3 fatty acids supports arterial wall flexibility
• Omega 3 fatty acids improves endothelial function
Omega 3 fatty acids Cardiovascular > 0.7 g per serving Text book 1
Authoritative
Review
Garrow et al., 2000 (p700, 716)
Shils et al., 1999 (p84-93)
FAO & WHO, 1994.
SACN, 2004.
De Caterina et al., 2006.
De Caterina & Massaro, 2005.
Engler & Engler, 2006.
Harris, 2004.
Ismail, 2005.
Kris-Etherton et al., 2003.
Robinson & Stone, 2006.
• Omega 3 fatty acids have a positive effect on the
cardiovascular system i.e. heart and veins.
• Omega 3 fatty acids supports cardiovascular and
circulatory health
• Omega 3 fatty acids are beneficial for the heart and
circulatory system
• Omega 3 fatty acids strengthen the heart and
circulatory system
• Omega 3 fatty acids help maintain a healthy heart and
circulation system
41 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Omega 3 fatty acids Protects against sun burn > 0.7 g per serving Review
Randomized clinical trial
Clinical study
In vitro studies
Omega 3 fatty acids Prevents aging of skin > 0.7 g per serving Reviews
In vitro studies
Omega 3 fatty acids Strengthens the immune system > 0.7 g per serving Authoritative
Review
Clinical studies
Omega 3 fatty acids Positive effect on pained joints > 0.9 g per serving Review
Clinical study
Omega 3 fatty acids Reduces inflammation > 1.0 g per serving Authoritative
Review
Clinical study
Black & Rhodes, 2006.
Jackson et al., 2002.
Sies & Stahl, 2004.
Ziboh et al., 2000.
Shahbakhti et al., 2004.
Rhodes et al., 1994.
Rhodes et al., 1995.
Hyeon et al., 2005.
Pupe et al., 2002
Storey et al., 2005.
Black & Rhodes, 2006.
Jackson et al., 2002.
Sies & Stahl, 2004.
Ziboh et al., 2000.
Hyeon et al., 2005.
FAO & WHO, 1994.
References
Bates, 1995.
Blümer & Renz, 2007.
La Guardia, 2005.
Seo et al., 2005.
Shahidi & Miraliakbari, 2005.
Sijben & Calder, 2007.
Simopoulos, 1999.
Kelley et al., 1999.
Goldberg & Katz, 2007.
Kremer, 2000.
Kremer, 1996.
Berbert et al., 2005.
Kremer et al., 1995.
Kremer et al 1985
FAO & WHO, 1994.
Adam, 2003.
Calder, 2006.
Kremer, 2000.
Kremer et al., 1987.
Example of wording
• Researchers suggest fish oil rich in omega 3 fatty acids
helps reduce skin's response to sunburn via antiinflammatory
mechanism.
• The sunburn response is markedly reduced by dietary
fish oil rich in Omega 3 fatty acids
• When consumed regularly, omega 3 fatty acids can
have a protective effect against sunlight.
• When consumed regularly, omega 3 fatty acids can
have a protective effect against sunburn.
• Regular intake of omega 3 fatty acids can decrease the
risk of sunburn.
• Omega 3 fatty acids protect the skin form damage from
the sun, and thereby prevent premature aging of the skin
• Omega 3 fatty acids protect the skin form damage from
the sun, and may thereby slow the aging process of the
skin.
• Omega 3 fatty acids help prevent the premature aging
of the skin.
• Omega 3 fatty acids maintains and strengthens the
immune system
• Omega 3 fatty acids have good effect on strengthening
the immune system.
• A regular intake of omega 3 fatty acids reduces pain in
the joints
• A regular intake of omega 3 fatty acids helps reduce
pain in the joints
• Omega 3 fatty acids helps reduce inflammation in joints
• Omega 3 fatty acids helps constrain the inflammatory
process in the joints
• Omega 3 fatty acids helps constrain the inflammation
in the joints by producing less inflammatory eicosanoids
• Omega 3 fatty acids is a natural anti inflammatory
In vitro study
Omega 3 fatty acids Positive effect on mobility and pained joints 3.0 g per serving Review
Omega 3 fatty acids Positive effect on joint mobility > 0.9 g per serving Review
Clinical study
Clinical study
Moghaddami et al 2007
Fortin et al., 1995
Kremer, 2000.
Kremer et al., 1995.
Kremer et al., 1990.
Sundström et al., 2006.
Goldberg & Katz, 2007.
Kremer, 2000.
Kremer, 1996.
Berbert et al., 2005.
Kremer et al., 1995.
Kremer et al., 1985.
• With a regular intake of omega 3 fatty acids, joints are
less stiff and painful, especially in the morning.
• A daily intake of 3 g omega 3 fatty acids for 8 to 12
weeks shows significant improvement of the mobility of
joints, less pain and stiffness.
• Daily intake of large doses omega 3 fatty acids (3 g)
has a noticeable positive effect on joints.
• Omega 3 fatty acids has a positive effect on joint
mobility
• A regular intake of omega 3 fatty acids improves
mobility of joints
• A regular intake of omega 3 fatty acids has a positive
effect on morning stiffness
• Omega 3 fatty acids help keep smooth joints.
Omega 3 fatty acids Weight management > 0.7 g per serving Randomized clinical trial Kunesova et al., 2006. • Omega 3 fatty acids can assist weight loss
• Omega 3 fatty combined with exercise may have a
positive effect on weight loss
Omega-3 fatty acids Support/maintain joint health Min. 2 g DHA and/or EPA daily
Min. 2.6 g fish oil daily
Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical
trials.
See reference list company 13
• Helps to maintain mobility and flexibility of joints.
• Helps to diminish morning stiffness in joints.
Omega-3 fatty acids decreases blood triacylglycerols General textbooks Omega-3 fatty acids balance blood lipids
Omega-3 fatty acids
relax and dilate blood vessels and moderately reduce
blood pressure
General textbooks
Omega-3 fatty acids help keep the blood vessels smooth
and flexible
Omega-3 fatty acids
necessary for optimal development of brain and nervous
system
General textbooks
Omega-3 fatty acids are necessary for optimal
development of the brain and nervous system
Omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid,
docosahexaenoic acid)
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce joint pain. Meta-analysis Goldberg RJ et al. A meta-analysis of the analgesic
effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain 2007;
129:210-23.
Omega-3 is good for joints.
Omega-3 can help against joint troubles.
42 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid,
docosahexaenoic acid)
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Omega-3 fatty acids improve conduct and behavioral
Randomized, controlled trial.
problems.
References
Richardson AJ et al. The Oxford-Durham study: a
randomized, controlled trial of dietary supplementation
with fatty acids in children with developmental
coordination disorder. Pediatrics 2005;115:1360-6.
Example of wording
Omega-3 can improve the power of concentration.
Omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid,
docosahexaenoic acid)
Omega-3 fatty acids exert a positive effect in preventing
coronary disease through their lipid lowering, blood
pressure lowering and antithrombic activities.
• Meta-analysis
• Meta-analysis
• Meta-analysis
• Meta-analysis
Bucher HC et al. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in
coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials. Am J Med 2002; 112: 298-304.
Wang C et al. n-3 Fatty acids from fish or fish-oil
supplements, but not alpha-linolenic acid, benefit
cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary- and
secondary-prevention studies: a systematic review. Am J
Clin Nutr 2006; 84: 5-17.
• Omega-3 is good for the heart and circulation.
• Omega-3 can help against slight increased
triglyceride levels.
• Omega-3 can relieve slight increased blood pressure.
Balk EM et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum
markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic
review. Atherosclerosis 2006;189:19-30.
Morris MC et al. Does fish oil lower blood pressure? A
meta-analysis of controlled trials. Circulation 1993; 88:
523-33.
Omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid,
docosahexaenoic acid)
Omega-3 fatty acids improve depression. • Meta-analysis Also see reference list Omega-3 company 14 • Omega-3 is good for the mood.
Lin PY et al. A meta-analytic review of double-blind,
placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant efficacy of
• Omega-3 can help against mood changes.
• Omega-3 can help against dejection.
omega-3 fatty acids. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:1056-61.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids source of essential fatty acids General textbooks Polyunsaturated fatty acids are needed for normal
mental and cognitive development
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
necessary for normal function of the cardiovascular
system
General textbooks
Polyunsaturated fatty acids helps keep normal balance
of blood lipids and makes the vessels flexible
Unsaturated fatty acids
decreases blood cholesterol and makes the cell
membranes more fluid
General textbooks
When substituting saurated fat, unsaturated fatty acids
will reduce blood cholesterol and keep the cell
membranes more flexible.
MCT (Medium chain triglyserides) Metabolism and Weight Control • Scientific body
• Clinical trial
• Animal studies
• Reviews
MCT (Medium chain triglyserides) Immune function and Strengthening effect • Scientific body In Vitro studies
• Clinical trials
• Animal studies
• Reviews
• Epidemiological study
• Textbook
See reference list company 18
See reference list company 18
• eating MCT increases metabolism/ thermogenesis
• eating MCT promotes fatburning
• eating MCT increases energy
• eating MCT decreases bodyweight
• eating MCT increases satiation
• eating MCT reduces feeling of hunger
• eating MCT increases immune function
• eating MCT improves immune function
• eating MCT strengthens the immune system
• eating MCT strengthens the body
• eating MCT strengthens the gut system and function
• eating MCT facilitates the digestion
Vegetable cooking oil/Mct basis plus
Mct-fat (medium chained triglyserides)
70g per 100 ml
Slimming effects, weight management and
faster feeling of getting full
The product must contain minimum
70 g mct-fat per 100 ml cooking oil
Dosage each serving 2 spoons (24 gram)
• Randomised control study
• Summary of animal and human trials
• Randomised double-blind study
• Double-blind crossover study
See reference list company 9
Mct-fat keep you skin and reduces overweight
Mct-fat stops the jojo-effect, so you dont increase weight
when you stop your diet.
Mct-fat gives you a faster feeling of getting full
Mct-fat increase energy
Mct-fat give fast access to energy
Mct-fat gives no empty calories
Mct-fat give you twice as much energy as carbohydrates
43 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
FOOD
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
References
Example of wording
Cheese Dental health • Scientific bodies
• Reviews
• Individual human studies
Fish (fresh/frozen), also including canned fish, fish Fish has high content of long chain Omega 3 fatty acids, Two portions per week, at least one portion fatty fish
spreads and cold cuts and other processed fish products vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), iodine and selenium
such as marinated fish
related to recommended daily intake (see references) of
these substances. Thus, the health relationship to fish
referred to here, corresponds to those applicable for the
listed substances. With reference to the food industry’s
contribution to the list of claims according to Article 13
(3) of the regulation 1924/2006 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on
Fruits, berries and vegetables (fresh, frozen, bottled, General health/ contribution to a balanced diet
juiced)
• Scientific body
• Authoritative body
• Reviews
• Observational studies
• Textbook
• Meta-anslysis
• Authorative Body
• Expert reviews
See reference list Cheese company 16
• Hard cheese plays a role in dental health
• Hard cheese chewed after meals helps to minimize
dental erosion
• Hard cheese chewed after meals and snacks helps to
maintain healthy teeth
• Hard cheese chewed after meals and snacks helps
reducing the risk of decay
• Hard cheese chewed after meals will re-establish
normal pH
See reference list company 24
With reference to the document mentioned in under the
heading no. 2:
No. 272 (fish): -eating fish promotes heart health and .
Fish is an important part of a balanced/ healthy diet
and an important source of vitamin B12 which is
essential for cell division, needed for blood formation,
needed for healthy blood, helps maintain normal blood
homocysteine levels, is needed to keep the nervous
system healthy, needed for normal mental function,
NNR 2004, e.g “5 a day “
• Fruits and vegetables are important as part of a
balanced/healthy diet
WHO 2003. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic • Consuming (e.g.) 5 fruit and vegetable portions per day
diseases. Report of a Joint WHO/FAO
helps keep you healthy.
expert consultation Geneva, World Health Organization, • Juice can count as one of those portions
28 January - 1 February 2002 [Public Health Nutrition, • Consuming fruit and vegetables helps keep you
Volume 7(1A), February 2004. Special issue - Diet, healthy
nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: scientific
background papers of the joint WHO/FAO expert
consultation ]
World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for
Cancer Research. Food, Nutrtion and the Prevention of
Cancer: A Global Perspective. Washington DC:
American Institute for Cancer Research 1997.
Fruits, berries and vegetables (fresh, frozen, bottled,
juiced)
Protection of body tissues and cells from oxidative
damage
For the claim “Contains antioxidants” content should be
>0,5 mmol/100g (FRAP) (= average orange juice)
For the claim “Rich in antioxidants” content should be >
1,0 mmol/100g (FRAP) The 50 food items with the
highest content of antioxidants contain > 1,0 mmol/100g
(http://folk.uio.no/runeb)
• Authorative Body
• Epidemiological evidence
• Individual studies
See reference list Fruit, berries and vegetables
company 20
• Contains antioxidants
• Rich in antioxidants
• Fruits, berries and vegetables:
- protects the body’s cells
- protects you from radicals which cause damage
- protects your cells and tissues from oxidative damage
- antioxidants help strenghten our body’s natural
defences against oxidative stress
General dairy General health/ contribution to a balanced diet Authoritative bodies US Department of Health and Human Services; Dietary • Contains a range of vitamins and minerals necessary
Guidelines for Americans 2005. Human Services (HHS) for good health
and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2005. • Contains a range of vitamins and minerals which
http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/docum contributes to a strong and healthy body
ent/default.htm
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004. 4th ed.
Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Nord 2004:13.
Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2004.
General dairy Restitution and muscle • Review
• Human intervention studies
Phillips SM, Hartman JW, Wilkinson SB. Dietary protein • Dairy products after physical activity contribute to
to support anabolism with resistance exercise in young increased muscle mass
men.
• Milk after physical activity contributes to increased
J Am Coll Nutr. 2005 Apr;24(2):134S-139S. Review. muscle mass.
- Hartman J et al. Consumption of fat-free fluid milk after • Dairy products after physical activity are good for your
resistance exercise promotes greater lean mass body
accretion than does consumption of soy or carbohydrate • Milk after physical activity is good for your body
in young, novice, male weightlifters. Am J Clin Nutr • Dairy products contribute to muscle growth
2007; 86:2: 373-381
• Milk contributes to muscle growth
- Shireffs SM, Watson P, Maughan RJ. Milk as an
effective post-exercise rehydration drink. British Journal
of nutrition (2007), 98, 173-180.
- Wilkinson SB, Tornopolsky MA, MacDonald MJ,
MacDonald JR, Armstrong D, Phillips SM. Consumption
of fluid skim milk promotes greater muscle protein
accretion after resistance exercise than does
consumption of an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic soyprotein
beverage. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1031-40.
44 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
General dairy Bone health For the health claim “Consumption of at least 3 dairy • Authoritative bodies
products per day contributes to bone health”:
• Reviews
One portion is equal to 1 glass of milk (150 ml) or other • Human intervention studies
portion of dairy with tke approximate equal content of
calcium.
References
See reference list General dairy company 16
Example of wording
• Dairy products are important for building and
maintaining strong bones
• Milk is important for building and maintaining strong
bones
• Yoghurt is important for building and maintaining strong
bones
• Cheese is important for buildning and maintaining
strong bones
• Dairy contributes to bone health
• Milk contributes to bone health
• Yoghurt contributes to bone health
• Cheese contributes to bone health
• Dairy helps reduce the risk of bone loss
• Milk helps reduce the risk of bone loss
• Yoghurt helps reduce the risk of bone loss
• Cheese helps reduce the risk of bone loss
• Dairy is good for bones
• Milk is good for bones
• Yoghurt is good for bones
• Cheese is good for bones
• Consumption of at least 3 dairy products per day
contributes to bone health
45 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
General dairy Blood pressure • Authoritative/ Scientific bodies
• Reviews
• Individual human studies
References
See reference list General dairy company 16
Example of wording
• A diet rich in low-fat diary products has beneficial effect
on blood pressure
• Dairy helps normalise blood pressure
General dairy Weight management • Reviews
• Individual human studies
See reference list General dairy company 16
• Dairy products in an energy restricted diet help loose
weight
• Milk in an energy restricted diet helps loose weight
• Yoghurt in an energy restricted diet helps loose weight
• Dairy products help maintaining a healthy body weight
• Milk helps maintaining a healthy body weight
• Yoghurt helps maintaining a healthy body weight
• Dairy products protect against abdominal fat
• Milk protects against abdominal fat
• Yoghurt protects against abdominal fat
Meat contains heme iron which is highly biological available > 1,4 mg/100 g General textbooks Meat contains hemeiron, which is highly biological
available
Meat
contains a factor that enhances absorption of iron from
vegetable sources
General textbooks
Meat contains a factor that enhances absorption of iron
from vegetable sources
Milk Dental health No added sugar • Authorative scientific bodies
• Textbook
• Review
• Individual human studies
See reference list Milk company 16
• Milk contributes to dental health
• Milk reduces the risk of dental erosion
• Milk helps building strong teeth
Throat-/coughdrops
Components: - herbal extrakts and
- menthol and/or
- essential oils and/or
- glycerin and
- other components
DIETS
See accompanying letter company 17
"Originale sveitsiske urtedrops"
"Sveitsiske urtedrops"
"urtedrops"
"urtepastiller"
"Swiss Herb Lozenges"
"refreshing"
"pleasant"
"soothing"
"Velgjørende og forfriskende for munn og hals"
"Velgjørende for munn og hals"
"Forfriskende for munn og hals"
"Forfriskende og oppkvikkende"
"Velgjørende for stemme og hals"
"Velgjørende"
"Velgjørende for stemme og hals"
"Med en blanding av 13 gode Ricola urter fra de
sveitsiske fjellene: naturlig gode"
"Forfriskende"
"Beroligende"
"Behagelig"
"Ricola's unike blanding av 13 urter har en velgjørende
effekt for stemme og hals"
"Ricola urter fra de sveitsiske fjellene: naturlig gode"
"H ll bl t lkj t j ǻh d f i
Diet rich in calcium-rich, low-fat dairy and fruit and
vegetables (DASH)
Blood pressure
• Reviews
• Individual human intervention studies
See reference list DASH company 16
• Low-fat dairy products in a diet rich in fruits and
vegetables reduce blood pressure
46 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
OTHER SUBSTANCES
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
References
Example of wording
Antioxidants important part of the bodys antioxidative defence > 1 mmol/ 100 g or 100 ml Review See reference list company 7 This product contains antioxidants.
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g Ingredients
Astaxanthin has free radical scavenging ability and The product must contain at least
US Patent, 6,344,210 method of retarding and
reduces singlet oxygen.
2 mg astaxanthin per serving per day
ameliorating fever blisters and canker sores
Natural astaxanthin is natures strongest antioxydant
Lutein 6,7 mg
Astaxanthin 2,0 mg
In vitro, Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and
Allied Health Professions, Dept. of Pharmacentical and
adm. Sciences.
Double blind placebo controlled study.
US Nutracentricals and Washington Technology Centre.
In vitro and in vivo (animals)
Bagchi, Debasis. 2001. “Oxygen Free Radical
Scavenging Abilities of Vitamins C, E, B_Carotene,
Pycnogenol, Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts,
Astaxanthin and BioAstin in Vitro. On file at VitaeLab
Chew, Boon, J. Park. 2004. “Carotenoid action on the
immune respons.” Journal of Nutrition. 134(1): 257S-
216S
Jyonouchi et al. 1994. “Immuno modulation of
Maintains levels of energy and health in body cells
carotenoids: Enhancement of in vivo and in vitro antibody
production to T-dependent antigens.” Nutritional Cancer
21: 47-58
Jean Soon Park et al -
Jong Hee Chyun -
Larry L Line -
Michael C Malony -
Astaxanthin stimulates and improves/enhances the
immune response
Decrease DNA damage
Partially restore decreased humoral immune response
Span the cell membranes
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g Ingredients
Lutein 6,7 mg
Astaxanthin 2,0 mg
Astaxanthin required for eye health
The product must contain at least 2 mg astaxanthin per
serving per day
US Patent # 5527535:
Method of retarding and amelionating central neurons
system and eye-damage
Sawachi, K, Yoshigi, H, Aoki, K, Koikawa, N, Azumane,
A, Kaneko, K, Yamaguchi, M. 2002. “Sports
Performance Benefits from Taking Natural Astaxanthin
Characterized by Visual Acuity and Muscle Fatigue
Improvements in Humans.” Journal of Clinical
Therapeutics & Medicines. 18:(9) 73-88
Astaxanthin protect macula
Protects sharp-vision
Protects the retina by preventing degeneration of photo
receptors in the eye
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g Ingredients (per capsule):
Luteinkomplex 6,71 mg
Astaxanthinkomplex 2,0 mg
High C-Reactive Protein (CRP)- levels in blood, indicate The product must contain at least
infection/inflammation in the blood, that might cause 2 mg astaxanthin per serving per day
heart-attack.
Intake of natural astaxanthin can reduce CRP-levels in
the blood.
Astaxanthin increases number of cells that fight bacteria
and infections
Astaxanthin has a dose-dependent ocular antiinflammatory
effect; astaxanthin suppresses production
of nitric oxide and PGE2 and TNF-a.
Natural anti-inflammatories, like astaxanthin, gently
tweak a broader range of inflammatory compound.
• Double blind, placebo controlled clinical study.
• In vitro and vivo study
Tso, M.OM. et al 1996: “Evidence for protection against
age-related macular degeneration by carotenoids and
antioxidant vitamins.” America Journal of Clinical
Nutrion.62: 14483-15615
Jacques. 1999
Gersten. 1999
Lyle et al 1999
Seddon et al 1994
Snodderly, D.M. 1995
Tso, M.OM and T.-T. Lam 1996
Cole, G. 2005. Professor of Medicine and Neurology at
UCLA. Reported to Anne Underwood, Newsweek
Magazine, “Special
Summer Issue”. August 2005. Pages 26-28
Protects the eye against UV-damage
Protects the eye
Protects the vision
Improves depth perception
Gives higher visual acuety
Natural astaxanthin can reduce CRP level in blood by
more than 20%
Astaxanthin reduces inflammation
Lee, Seon Jin et al. 2003. ”Astaxanthin Inhibits Nitric Astaxanthin may prevent inflammation
Oxide production and inflammatory Gene Expression by
Suppressing lkB Kinase-dependent NFR.kB Activation” Astaxanthin can relieve symptoms of muscle
Journal of Molecules
inflammation
and Cells, Volume 16(1): 97-105
Astaxanthin binds free radicals
Nir, Y., Spiller, G. 2002. “BioAstin, a natural astaxanthin
from microalgae, helps relieve pain and improves
performance in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS).” Journal of the American college of Nutrition.
21(5): Oct
Obgami et al 2003. “Effects of astaxanthin on
lipopolysaccharid-induced inflammation in vitro and
vivo.” Investigative Ophtalmology and Visual Science.
44(6): 2694-701
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g Ingredients:
Asraxanthin 2,0 mg
Lutein 6,7 mg
Astaxanthin can cross the blood-brain and blood-retinal
barriers.
Astaxanthin suppresses nitric oxide.
The product must contain at least
2 mg astaxanthin per serving per day
• In vitro
• In vivo (rodents)
• Double blind tests
Spiller, G, Dewell, A, Chaves, R, Rakadzich, Z.
2006.”Effects of daily use of natural astaxanthin on
symptoms associated with tennis elbow ”
Hussein, G., Nakamura, M., Zhao, Q., Iguchi, T., Goto,
H., Sankawa, U., Watanabe, H. (2005a).
“Antihypertensive and neuroprotective effects of
astaxanthin in experimental animals.”
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 28(1):47-52.
Increases blood flow to the brains
Improves memory
Protects the brain
Nagaki, Y., Hayasaka, S., Yamada, T., Hayasaka, Y.,
Sanada, M., Uonomi, T. (2002). “Effects of Astaxanthin
on accommodation, critical flicker fusion, and pattern
visual evoked potential in
visual display terminal workers.” Journal of Traditional
Medicines. 19(5):170–173.
Improves brain functions
Preserves brain cells
Tso, M., Lam, T., 1996. “Method of Retarding and
Ameliorating Central Nervous system and Eye Damage.”
US Patent #5527533.
Tso et al. 1996.
47 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g Ingredients:
Lutein 6,7 mg
Astaxanthin 2,0 mg
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Astaxanthin can exert beneficial effects on diabetes, with The product must contain at least
In vivo (mice)
preservation of beta-cell function
2 mg astaxanthin per serving per day
References
Hussein G., Lignell, A., Comhaire, F. 2006. ”Astaxanthin
ameliorates features of metabolic syndrome in
SHR/NDmcr-cp.” Life Sciences
Naito, Y., Uchiyama, K, Mizushima, K, Kuroda, M,
Yoshikawa, T. 2006. “Microarray profiling of gene
expression patterns in glomerular cells of astaxanthintreated
diabetic mice: a nutrigenomic approach.”
International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 18(4): 685-
95
Naito, Y., Uchiyama, K, Aoi, W, Hasegawa, G.,
Nakamura, N., Yoshida, N., Maoka, T., Takahashi, J.,
Yoshikawa, T. 2004. “Prevention of diabetic nephropathy
by treatment with astaxanthin in diabetic db/dbmice.”
BioFactors, 20(1): 49-59
Example of wording
Astaxanthin significally reduces blood glucose level
Astaxanthin maintains ability to secrete insulin
Astaxanthin lowers blood glucose
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g Ingredients
Lutein 6,7 mg
Astaxanthin 2,0 mg
Taken orally, 2. mg/day, astaxanthin can improve male
fertility
The product must contain at least
2 mg astaxanthin per serving per day
Medical centre for arotogy, University Hospotal, Gent,
Belgia
Uchiyama, K., Naito, Y., Hasegawa, G., Nakamura, N.,
Takahashi, J., Yoshikawa, T. 2002. “Astaxanthin protects
b-cells against glucose toxicity in diabetic db/db mice.”
Redox Report. 7(5): 290-3
Comhaire et al. 2003. ”The role of food supplements in Astaxanthin improves semen quality
the treatment for male fertility.” Reproductive
BioMedicine Online. 7(4): 385-391
Astaxanthin can give higher conception rates
Garem Y., Lignell A., Combaire, F. 2002. ”Natural
Astaxanthin Improves semen quality in Infertile Men.”
Unpublished study.
Astaxanthin can give success in conceiving
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g Ingredients
Lutein 6,7 mg
Astaxanthin 2,0 mg
Astaxanthin inhibits nitric oxide production and
suppresses inflammatory genes.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Tennis elbow
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Joint and muscle soreness after exercise
The product must contain at least
2 mg astaxanthin per serving per day
US Patent 6,258,855 Carpal Tunnel and Tenosyovitis
Double blind studies
Double blind, placebo controlled studies
See reference list company 22
Astaxanthin delays onset muscular soreness
Astaxanthin can reduce joint and muscle soreness after
exercise
Astaxanthin can reduce lactose acidity in muscles
Astaxanthin improves muscle endurance
Astaxanthin increases flexibility in joints
Astaxanthin relieves symptoms of inflammation
Astaxanthin increases grip strength
Astaxanthin can decrease symptoms associated with
tennis elbow
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g Ingredients
Lutein 6,7 mg
Astaxanthin 2,0 mg
The skin is damaged over time by extensive and ongoing The product must contain at least
exposure to the sun’s harmful rays.
2 mg astaxanthin per serving per day
These ultraviolet rays can cause premature
aging of the skin, wrinkles, dry skin, age spots and
freckles. By preventing UV damage, skin can be
protected from these conditions. And there
is evidence that Natural Astaxanthin not
only prevents UV damage from occurring,
but also improves status.
US Patent 6,433,025. Method for retarding and
preventing sunburn by UV-light
Two week study
Arakane, K. (2001). “Superior Skin Protection by
Astaxanthin.” Presentation at the 15th annual
meeting on carotenoid research, September 2001,
Toyama, Japan.
Independent Consumer Research Company. 2001.
Lorenz, T. (2002). “Clinical Trial Indicates Sun Protection
from BioAstin Supplement.”
Cyanotech Technical Bulletin based on Independent
Consumer Testing Company clinical trial. 2006.
(Unpublished). On file at VitaeLab AS.
Thibodeau, A., Lauzier, E. (2003). “Dietary/Nutritional
Supplements: The New Ally to Topical Cosmetic
Formulations.” Cosmetics & Toiletries Magazine,
January 2003. 118(1):57-64.
Savoure, N., Briand, G., Amory-Touz, M.,
Combre, A., Maudet, M. (1995). “Vitamin A status and
metabolism of cutaneous polyamines in the hairless
mouse after UV irradiation: action of beta-carotene and
astaxanthin.” International Journal for Vitamin and
Nutrition Research.
65(2):79-86
Astaxanthin can relieve symptoms of Carpal tunnel
syndrome
Astaxanthin can reduce sun-burn.
Astxanthin has self-tanning effect.
Astxanthin reduces fine wrinckles and pimples.
Aastaxanthin improves skin elasticity.
Astaxanthin reduces swelling under eyes.
Astaxanthin gives better skin texture.
It reduces hyperpigmentation (better known as age
spots).
Gives you that beautiful, healthy glow
Internal sunscreen.
Prevents photoaging of the skin
Prevent UV-induced collagen
degradation and the formation of wrinkles
Improves moisture levels in skin
Gives a better skin tone
Enhances skin elasticity and smoothness
Reduces skin swelling
Reduces spots and freckles
Yamashita, E. 2002. “Cosmetic benefit of Dietary
Supplements containing Astaxanthin and Tocotrienol on
Human Skin.” Food Style. 21 6(6): 112-17
48 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The product must contain at least
2 mg astaxanthin per serving per day
Astaxanthin not only free radical scavenges, but also
show antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori.
Low intake of antioxydants may be an important factor
for the acquisition of Helicobacter pylori by humans.
In vitro
In vivo (mice)
In vivo (humans)
References
Example of wording
Akyôn, Y. 2002. “Clinical Microbiology and Infectionous Astaxanthin prevents Helicobacter Pylori infections in the
Diseases: Effect of antioxidants on the immune response mammalian gastrointestal tract
of Helicobacter pylori.” Clinical Microbiology and
Infection. 8(7): 438-41
Astaxanthin has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal
system
Bennedsen, M., Wang, X., Willen, R., Wadstrom, T.,
Andersen, L. 1999. “Treatment of H.pylori infected mice Astaxanthin creates lower bacteria levels in the stomach
with antioxidant astaxanthin reduces gastric
inflammation, bacterial lad and modulates cytokine Astaxanthin can lower inflammation in the stomach
release by splenocytes.” Immunology Letters. 70(3): 185-
9
Astaxanthin may offer a remedy of gastric ulceration
Kim, J.H., Kim, Y., Song, G., Park, J., Chang, H. 2005.
“Protective effect of astaxanthin on naproxen-induced
gastric antral ulceration in rats.” European Journal of
Pharmacology. 51-4(1): 53-9
Astaxanthin can help your stomach
Astaxanthin 2000 mg/100g Ingredients:
Astaxanthin 2,0 mg
Lutein 6,7 mg
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12®,
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12®,
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®
Natural Astaxanthin can help improve blood lipid The product must contain at least 2 mg of astaxanthin
profiles by decreasing low density lipoprotein (LDL, bad per day
cholesterol) and triglycerides, and by increasing high
density lipoprotein (HDL, good cholesterol).
Astaxanthin dose-dependently prolonged the oxidation
lag time of LDL decrease in total cholesterol and of LDL
and a decrease of triglycerides.
gastro-intestinal health
intestinal flora
• In vitro
• In vivo (rabbits, rodents)
• In vivo (humans)
Nishikawa, Y., Minenaka, Y., Ichimura, M., Tatsumi, K.,
Nademoto, T., Urabe, K. 2005. ”Effects of astaxanthin
and vitamin C on the prevention of gastric ulcerations in
stressed rats.” Journal of nutritional science and
vitaminology. 51(3):135-41
Wang, X., Willen, R., Wadstrom, T. 2000. “Astaxanthinrich
algal meal and vitamin C inhibit Helicobacter pylori
infection in BALB/cA mice.” Antimicrobial Agents and
Chemotherapy. 44(9): 2452-7
See reference list company 22 Enhances production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL –
the “good” cholesterol)
Prevents oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL – the
“bad” cholesterol)
Decreases both triglycerides and non-esterified fatty
acids in the blood
Has a positive effect on blood pressure
Maintains a healthy heart
Improves blood flow/fluidity.
Decrease exercise induced damage
at least 10 8 cfu/day Individual human RCT’s See reference list Bifidobacterium company 20 • Supports a healthy digestive system
• Helps maintain a healthy gut flora
• Boost the level of natural good bacteria in your body
which can aid digestion
• Helps to keep your digestive system in balance
• Beneficially affects the intestinal flora/microflora
• Improves the microflora in elderly
• Functions as a part of the natural and beneficial
bacteria supporting the gut barrier function
Natural defence/ immune system at least 10 9 cfu/day • Individual human RCT’s
• Animal study
• In vitro studies
Co enzyme Q10 Heart health Meta analysis
Placebo controlled study
Prospective study
Review
Clinical study
See reference list Bifidobacterium company 20
Sander et al., 2006
Belardinelli et al., 2006
Strey et al., 2005
Witte et al., 2005
Soongswang et al., 2005
Weant & Smith, 2005
Langsjoen & Langsjoen, 1999
Chapidze et al., 2005
Munkholm et al., 1999
1. helps to support your natural defences
2. helps to strenghten the natural defense
3. helps to stimulate the immune system
• Co enzyme Q10 has a positive effect on the function of
the heart
49 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Coenzym Q10 Coenzyme Q10 and physiological energy textbook 1) Bhagavan, H.N. and Chopra, R.K. (2006) Coenzyme Q10: Coenzyme Q10 is essential for the energy metabolism / the
absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. transformation of food into physiological energy
Free Rad. Res. 40(5), 445-453 2) Bonakdar, R.A. and
Guarnieri, E. (2005) Coenzyme Q10. Am. Family Physician
72(6), 1065-1070 3) Bucci, L. (1993) Micronutrient
supplementation and ergogenesis-metabolic intermediates in
Nutrients as ergogenic aids for sports and exercise, pp 41-62,
Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press 4) Crane, F.L. and Navas, P.
(1997) The diversity of coenzyme Q function. Molec. Aspects
Med. 18 (supplement), S1-S6 5) Crane, F.L. (2001)
Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
20(6), 591-598 6) Ernster, L. and Dallner, G. (1995)
Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone
function. Bioch. Biophys. Acta 1271, 195-204 7) Kagan, V.E.
and Quinn, P.J. eds. (2001) Coenzyme Q: Molecular
mechanisms in health and disease CRC Press, LLC, Boca
Raton, FL 8) Langsjoen, P.H. (1999) Introduction to Coenzyme
Q10. Newsletter: Food, Nutraceuticals and Nutrition, FNP,
23(6), 1-3 9) Lenaz, G.; Fato, R.; Castelluccio, C.; Cavazzoni,
M.; Estornell, E.; Huertas, J.F.; Pallotti, F.; Parenti Castelli, G.
Colostrum
Colostrum
Enhances the immune system and increases the body’s
resistance towards colds
Colostrum has anti-microbial effect and can protect
against respiratory tract infection.
Text book 2
Placebo controlled study
Review
Safety review
Ley, 2002
Aabakken et al., 1990
Lindbæk et al., 2004
Struff WG & Sprotte G. 2007
Gaullier & Gudmundsen, 2001
Aniansson G et al. Anti-adhesive activity of human
casein against Streptococcus pneumonia and
Haemophilus influenza. Microb Phatog 1990; 8; 315-23
• Colostrum is a natural immune system enhancer
• Colostrum enhances the body’s immune system
• Colostrum increases body’s resistance towards
infection
• Colostrum is a rich source of antibodies that increase
the body’s resistance towards soar throat and a
beginning cold and flue
• Colostrum is a rich source of antibodies that increase
the body’s resistance towards and a beginning cold
• Colostrum provide the tonsils with antibodies that
increase the body’s resistance against the beginning of a
sore throat and cold
• Colostrum provides the mucous membrane with
antibodies that increase the body’s resistance against
the beginning of a sore throat and cold
• In vitro study Also see reference list Colostrum company 14 • Colostrum can help against sore throat.
Stephan W et al. Antibodies from colostrum in oral • Colostrum can help against symptoms of common
immunotherapy. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1990; 28: 19- cold.
23
Food supplement (liquid) with 4,5 mg soyextract Hairhealth 1 spraydose à 0,75 ml 2 times per day Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Nelson Prager, Ph.D, Karen Bickett, RN., Nita Fremch,
Ph. D., and Geno Marcovici, Ph.D: A Randomized,
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Determine the
Effectiveness of Botanically Derived Inhititors of 5-α-
Reductase in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia,
Journ Alt & Comp Med, Vol 8, Nr 2, 2002, pp 143-152
Arcon Biospray 3000 may improve hairgrowth in males
with mild to moderate AGA
Food supplement with DT56a Menopause 2 capsules per day Product spesific, clinical study Yoles I. et al. Efficacy and Safety of Standard versus Tofupill® (DT56a) may alleviate menopausal symptoms
Low Dose of Femarelle (Tofupill) for the Treatment of
Menopausal Symptoms. J. of Clin Experimental Obstetrics
& Gynecology 2004;31(2):123-126.
Food supplement with DT56a Menopause and bone health 2 capsules per day Product spesific, clinical, double-blind trial Yoles I. et al. Tofupill/Femarelle (DT56a) - a New Phyto- Tofupill® (DT56a) may increases bone mineral density
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator-like Substance in menopausal women
for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Bone Loss.
Menopause 2003;10(6):522-525.
Food supplement with DT56a Menopause and bone health 2 capsules per day Product spesific trial with four group of rats Somjen D. et al. "DT56a (Femarelle/Tofupill) Stimulates
Bone Formation in Female Rats. British J. of Obstetrics
& Gynecology 2005; 112(7): 981-985.
Tofupill® (DT56a) may prevent post-menopausal bone
loss
Food supplement with DT56a Menopause and bonehealth 2 capsules per day Product spesific in vitro study Somjen D., Katzburg S. Lieberherr M., Hendel D., Yoles
I. DT56a Stimulates Gender-Specific Human Cultured
Bone Cells In Vitro. J. of Steroid Biochemistry &
Molecular Biology 2006; 98(1):90-96.
Tofupill® (DT56a) may stimulate bone formation through
increased osteoblast activity
50 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
References
Example of wording
Component
evidence
Food supplement with DT56a Menopause and bonehealth 2 capsules per day Product spesific In vivo/in vitro study Somjen D, Yoles I. “DT56a (Tofupill/ Femarelle),
selectively stimulates creatine kinase specific activity in
skeletal tissues of rats but not in the uterus”. J. of Steroid
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 2003;86(1):93-98
Somjen D, Yoles I. DT56a (Femarelle): a Natural
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM). J. of
Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 2007; 104:252-
258.
Tofupill® (DT56a) acts as a Selective Estrogen
Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Food supplement with DT56a Menopause, bonehealth, breasthealth 2 capsules per day Product spesific in vitro/in vivo studies See reference list DT56a company 1 Tofupill® (DT56a) acts as a Selective Estrogen
Receptor Modulator (SERM) relieving menopausal
symptoms and increasing bone mineral density, while
having no effect on the uterus or on breast tissue
Food supplement with DT56a Menopause 2 capsules per day Product spesific in vitro study Yoles I., and Lilling G. Pharmacological Doses of the Tofupill® (DT56a) does not have an estrogenic effect on
Natural phyto-SERM DT56a (Femarelle) Have no Effect the breast tissue
on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell-Line. European J. of
Obstetrics & Gynecology & Reproductive Biology
2007;130(1):140-141.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG®), ATCC 53103
gastro-intestinal health
intestinal flora
at least 10 8 cfu/day
• Meta-analyses
• Authoritative/Scientific Bodies
• Critical review articles
• PhD-study
• Individual human RCT’s
• In vitro studies
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG®), ATCC53103 Natural defence, immune response at least 10 8 cfu/day • Review
• Individual human RCT’s
• In vitro studies
See reference list Lactbacillus company 20
See reference list Lactbacillus company 20
• Helps maintain a healthy gut flora
• Acts as a part of the natural, beneficial intestinal
microflora and supports mucosal barrier function
• Supports beneficial microflora which is important for a
healthy digestion
• Beneficially affects the intestinal microflora
• Helps to keep your digestive system in balance
• Supports a healthy digestive system
• Inhibits the activity of harmful microbes/unfriendly
bacteria and virus
• Support mucosal barrier function inhibiting migration of
harmful microbes/unfriendly bacteria and virus
• Support/enhances body's natural defence systems in
the digestive system
• Support/enhances body's natural defence systems
• Supports/enhances natural immune response
• Natural defence
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC53103 (LGG®),
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12®,
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®
Intestinal flora/digestive system during use of antibiotics at least 10 8 cfu/day • Meta-analyses
• Individual human RTC’s
See reference list Lactbacillus company 20
• Helps to maintain a healthy gut flora when using
antibiotics
• Helps to keep your digestive system in balance when
using antibiotics
• Beneficially affects the intestinal flora/microflora when
challenged
• Stimulates a healthy digestion when using antibiotics
Live yoghurt culture Lactose digestion • Authoritative bodies
• Critical reviews
• Individual studies
See reference list Yoghurt company 16
• Live cultures of yoghurt improve lactose digestion
• Fermented milks containing live cultures of yoghurt
improve lactose digestion
Lutein
Zeaxanthin
Lutein and zeaxanthin are believed to protect the retina
from photo-oxidative damage. Increased consumption of
lutein may prevent, delay, or modify the disease course
of macular degeneration.
• Review
• Review
• Review
Chiu CJ et al. Nutritional antioxidants and age-related
cataract and maculopathy. Experimental Eye Resaerch
2007; 84: 229-45
Trieschmann M et al. Changes in macular pigment
optical density and serum concentrations of its
constituent carotenoids following supplemental lutein
and zeaxanthin: The LUNA study. Experimental Eye
Resaerch 2007; 84: 718-28
Lutein and zeaxanthin work against harmful influence on
the eye.
Lutein og zeaxanthin are antioxidants which protect the
cells in the eye.
Evans JR. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements
for slowing the progression of age-related macular
degeneration (Review). Cochrane Database of Sys Rev
2007; (1)
Malic acid
Malic acid in pastilles is used in the management of dry
mouth.
Reference book
Sweetman SC, editor. Martindale. The Complete Drug
Reference 2007; 35th ed.
Malic acid helps against dryness in the mouth and throat.
Molybdenum The role of vitamins and minerals in metabolism textbook Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamins and minerals promote/support healthy metabolism
Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc
National Academic Press, Washington, 2001
51 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Millet extract + L-cystine + vitamin B5
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
The role of millet extract, L-cystine and vitamin B5 in
studies
supporting hair growth
References
Example of wording
1) Hoeller Obrigkeit et al., Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, Supports healthy hair growth (from within)
25 (2006): 13-22. 2) Babey-Dölle (1993) Expert report to
justify the meaningfulness of the combination Priorin (R). 3)
Schmieglow et al., Therapieche 31 (1981), 8453-8460. 4)
Morganti et al., J. N. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 33/2 (1982), 95-96.
5) Fidanza, Int. Z. Vitam. Ernährforsch. 24 (1983), 53-67. 6)
Dethlefs and Schneider, Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin 53/12
(1977), 684-688. 7) Fliegner et al., Ärztliche Praxis 39/7
(1987), 114-115.
Phytostanols / sterols Plantstanols / sterols and heart health only with a minimum of 800 mg phytosterols / stanols Studies 1) Hendriks HF, Weststrate JA, van Vliet T, Meijer GW.
Spreads enriched with three different levels of vegetable oil
sterols and the degree of cholesterol lowering in
normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic
subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;53: 319-327. 2) Vanhanen HT,
Kajander J, Lehtovirta H, Miettinen TA. Serum levels,
absorption efficiency, faecal elimination and synthesis of
cholesterol during increasing doses of dietary sitostanol esters
in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Clin Sci (Lond). 1994;87:61
67 3) Hallikainen MA, Sarkkinen ES, Uusitupa MI. Plant
stanol estersaffect serum cholesterol concentrations of
hypercholesterolemic men and women in a dose-dependent
manner. J Nutr. 2000;130:767-776. 4) Katan, M.B.; Grundy,
S.M.; Jones, P.; Law, M.; Miettinen, T. and Paoletti , R.
Efficacy and Safety of Plant Stanols and Sterols in the
Management of Blood Cholesterol Levels Mayo Clin Proc.
2003;78:965-978 (REVIEW)
Plantsterols/ stanols helpt to reduce cholesterol levels and to
maintain a healthy heart
Prebiotics (inulin, ologofructose, tapioca starch)
Prebiotics stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria.
Preiotics help to cleanse and restore balance to the gut
by increasing the population beneficial bacteria in the
colon.
• Review
• Review
• Review
• Review
• Review
• Randomized controlled trial
• Randomized controlled trial
• Randomized controlled trial
• Randomized controlled trial
See reference list Prebiotics company 14
• Prebiotics utilize the favourable intestinal bacteria in the
intestine.
• Prebiotics contribute to a higher count of favourable
intestinal bacteria.
• Prebiotics maintain a beneficial bacterial environment.
• Prebiotics contribute to a reduction of harmful bacteria.
• Prebiotics reinforce the immune system in the intestine.
• Prebiotics positively affect the immune system.
• Prebiotics positively contribute to the digestion.
• Prebiotics are favourable for the digestion.
• Prebiotics are dietary fiber.
• Inulin and oligofructose enhance the absorption of
calcium.
Probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus og Lactobacillus
rhamnosus)
Lactobacilli replace pathogenic organisms in the GI tract,
elicit an immune response, lower fecal pH, and interfere
with the ability of pathogenic bacteria to adhere to
intestinal mucosal cells. Lactobacilli are generally used
with the intent to colonize the intestine. Lactobacilli
possess properties including adhesion, competitive
exclusion and inhibitor production which may aid in
infections.
• Review
• Pilot study
• Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial
• Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial
• Review
• Review
• In vitro study
• Review
• Ranomized controlled trial
• Randomized controlled trial
• Meta-analysis
• Randomized controlled trial
See reference list Probiotics company 14
• Probiotics are good, living bacteria with positive health
effects.
• Probiotics affect digestion.
• Probiotics contribute to a well functioning
gastrointestinal system.
• Probiotics can help against constipation.
• Probiotics contribute to build up a good and healthy gut
flora.
• Probiotics contribute to maintain a beneficial bacteria
environment in the intestine.
• Probiotics restore a good micro flora in the intestine.
• Probiotics restore the bacteria balance in the intestine.
• Probiotics increase the resistance against
strange/unknown bacteria.
• Probiotics reinforce the immune system in the gut.
• Probiotics reinforce the immune system of the body.
• Probiotics can help against loose stool/ diarrhoea.
• Prebiotics can help against antibiotica associated loose
stool/ diarrhoea.
• Probiotics can help against travellers’ loose stool/
diarrhoea.
• Probiotics relieve diarrhoea.
• Probiotics relieve travellers’ loose stool/diarrhoea.
• Probiotics reduce risk for antibiotica associated
diarrhoea.
52 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Xylitol
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Xylitol has a useful role in the prevention of dental
• Review
caries.
• Randomized controlled trial
• Review
References
Burt BA et al. The use of sorbitol- and xylitol-sweetened
chewing gum in caries control. JADA 2006; 137: 190-6.
Ly KA et al. Linear respons of mutans: streptococci to
increasing frequency of xylitol chewing gum use: a
randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2006; 6: 6-
12.
Example of wording
• Xylitol works against bacteria which can cause caries.
• Xylitol strengthens the teeth.
• Xylitol contributes to less formation of plaque.
Mäkinen KK. Public endorsement and use of xylitol for
caries prevention with special reference to finnish health
centre programmes. Finnish Dental Journal 2006
Young Tissue Extract, YTE, is a freeze-dried extract of For the management fo mild to moderate depressive
the contents of fertilized and incubated hen’s eggs that mood disorders (situational depression).
have been allowed to develop to the blastoderm stage. Sexual dysfunction for patients on antidepressant
The majority of inactive components have been removed medication.
to leave a concentrate typically containing, protein,
(82.3%) as free protein, peptides, amino acids; fats
(8.1%) as triglycerides and phospholipids; carbohydrates
(6.6%) and tissue factors that are all vital for the
development of the embryo and mineral ash (3%).
YTE makes up 100% of the product
Only adult patients with mild to moderate (situational)
depression should be treated with YTE
For impaired sexual functioning in men as a
consequence of antidepressant medication.
Human Studies
Kristoffer ES; Gulbrandsen S and Thom E. A
For the management of mild to moderate depressive
comparative, randomized, placebo controlled, doubleblind,
parallel group study of the effect and tolerability of YTE (Deprevent) may take up to 4 weeks to
mood states also known as situational depression.
a nutritive supplement containing embryonary peptides achieve its maximum benefit. If no benefit is obtained
in the treatment of mood disorders.
within 4 weeks further medical help should be sought.
Report to Med-Eq 2004
The effect of “libido” on decreased sexual desire
associated with anti-depressant medication. Törnblom
KY,
Internal report to Med-Eq.
YTE can also be of help where sexual function is
impaired when taking conventional antidepressant drugs.
Baldwin D & Mayers A. Sexual side-effects of
antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs
Advances in Psychiatric Treatment (2003), 9,
202–210.Sexual dysfunction.
Derogates , L.R. Derogatis Affects Balance Scale:
Administration, scoring and procedure manual. Towson,
MD: Clinical Psychometric Research Inc. 1966
53 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
BOTANICALS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
References
Example of wording
Achillea millefolium Menstrual Health • Invitro studies
• Animal studies
• Govt. of India publications
Aegle marmelos
Glucose metabolism
Lipids metabolism
• In vitro
• Animal study
• Classical ayurvedic text
See reference list Achillea millefolium company 3
See reference list Aegle marmelos company 3
Achillea millefolium supports menstrual health
Aegle marmelos helps stabilize glucose metabolism
Aegle marmelos helps stabilizes the blood sugar level
Aegle marmelos helps regulate lipids metabolism
Aloe vera Menstruation Books See reference list Aloe vera company 3 Aloe vera helps induce
menstruation
Alpinia galanga Joint Health • Govt. of India publications
• Studies
See reference list Alpinia galangacompany 3 Alpinia galanga supports joint health
Andrographis paniculata Liver health • Animal study
• In vivo and in vitro
• Govt. of India publications
• Classical ayurvedic text
Asparagus Racemosus PMS and menstruation • Animal studies
• Publications from Govt. of India
• Textbooks
• Classical ayurvedic text
Asparagus Racemosus Sexual health • Animal studies
• Textbooks from Indian Govt.
• Texbooks
• Classical ayurvedic text
See reference list Andrographis paniculata company Andrographis paniculata helps support liver health
3
See reference list Asparagus Racemosus company 3 Asparagus racemosus helps reduce the symptoms of
PMS
Asparagus racemosus helps regulate the menstruation
cycle.
See reference list Asparagus Racemosus company 3 Asparagus racemosus is helpful for sexual health.
Asparagus Racemosus Menopause • Human studies
• Review studies
• In vitro
• Textbook Indian Govt.
• Textbook
• Classical ayurvedic text
See reference list Asparagus Racemosus company 3 Asparagus racemosus is a source of phytohormones
which are useful in the transition of smooth menopause.
Asparagus racemosus is helpful for a smooth
menopause.
Asphaltum Kidney Health Textbook See reference list Asphaltum company 3 Asphaltum
Helps support Kidney Health
Asphaltum Health of urinary tract • Textbook
• Animal study
Asphaltum General well being • Human study
• Textbook
See reference list Asphaltum company 3
See reference list Asphaltum company 3
Asphaltum
Helps support Health of urinary tract
Asphaltum
Helps support general well being
Asphaltum Sexual health • Textbook See reference list Asphaltum company 3 Asphaltum
Helps support Sexual health
Asphaltum Prostate Health Textbook See reference list Asphaltum company 3 Asphaltum
Helps support Prostate Health
Bacopa Monnieri
•Mental health/relaxation
•Increased memory
•Better sleep
• Human studies
• Animal studies
See reference list Bacopa Monnieri company 3
Bacopa monnieri enhances sleep
Bacopa monnieri reduces stress
Bacopa monnieri can be relaxing
Bacopa monnieri is good for mental health
Bauhinia variegata Lymph health • Animal studies
• Govt. of India publications
• Classical Ayurvedic text
Bauhinia variegata Thyroid Health • Animal study
• Authentic text book
See reference list Bauhinia variegata company 3
See reference list Bauhinia variegata company 3
Bacopa monnieri improves memory
Bauhinia variegate helps support lymph health
Bauhinia variegata helps support Thyroid health
Berberis Aristata Liver health • Animal studies
• Authentic text book
• Govt. of India publications
See reference list Berberis aristata company 3 Berberis aristata helps support liver health
Boswellia serrata Intestinal Health • Human studies
• Govt. of India publications
Carica papya Digestive Health • Govt. of India publications
• Studies
Carum copticum Digestive Health • Govt. of india publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
• Book
• Human studies
See reference list Boswellia serrata company 3
See reference list Carica papya company 3
See reference list Carum copticum company 3
Boswellia serrata supports intestinal health
Carica papya supports Digestive health
Carum copticum
helps Digestive Health
54 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Cichorium intybus Liver health • Human study
• Animal study
• Govt of India Publication
Cinnamon
Cinnamon reduces fasting serum glucose, triglycerides,
cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol.
Randomized, controlled trial
References
See reference list Cichorium intybus company 3
Example of wording
Cichorium intybus helps support liver health
Khan A, Khattak KN, Safdar M et al. Cinnamon improves • Cinnamon can act stabilizing on the blood sugar level.
glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. • Cinnamon can help reduce slight increased
Diabetes Care 2003; 26(12):3215-8.
cholesterol.
• Cinnamon can help reduce slight increased
triglyceride levels.
Commiphora mukul Prostate health • Human study
• Govt. of India publications
See reference list Commiphoria mukul company 3
Commiphora mukul helps support prostate health
Commiphora mukul Thyroid health • Animal study
• Govt. of India publications
Commiphora mukul Antiobesity • Human study
• Classical ayurvedic text
Curculigo orchioides Sexual health • Human Study
• Animal study
• Govt. of India publications
Curcuma longa Liver health • Human study
• Animal study
• Govt. of India publications
Dioscorea bulbifera Menopause • Human study
• Animal study
• Govt. of india publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
Echinacea purpura
Elutherococcus senticosus (Herb)
Echinacea purpurea has immunostimulant properties. It
is used for the prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial and
viral infections.
• lncrease physical capacity
• Improving ability to handle stress
• Stimulating effect
Daily dosage for eftect:
• 15m1 1-2 times daily is equal to 900- 1800 mg raw
material
(product; Chisan with Rohdiola Rosea)
• One tablet 1-2 times daily, is equal
to 1000-2000mg raw material
(product; Chisan Adaptogen)
• Review
• Meta-analysis
• Monograph
• Review article
Emblica officinalis Liver health • Animal studies
• Govt of India publication
Emblica officinalis General well being/ Antioxidant • Human Study
• Animal study
• Govt. of India publication
Emblica officinalis Immune Health • In-vitro study
• Govt of India publication
Emblica officinalis Digestion • In Vivo studu
• Human study
• Animal study
• Govt. of India publication
Emblica officinalis Relaxation • Human study
• Animal study
• Govt. of India publication
Eucalyptus globulus Joint health • Human study
• Govt. of India publication
Eugenia Jambolana
Glucose metabolism
Lipids metabolism
• Review
• In vitro
• Animal study
• Classical ayurvedic text
See reference list Commiphoria mukul company 3
See reference list Commiphoria mukul company 3
See reference list Curculigo orchioides company 3
See reference list Curcuma longa company 3
See reference list Dioscorea bulbifera company 3
Also see reference list Echinacea purpura company
14
Linde K et al. Echinacea for preventing and treating the
common cold. Available in The Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews; Issue 3. John Wiley; 2007
Sachin AS et al. Evaluation of Echinacea for the
prevention and treatment of the common cold: a metal
i L t i f t Di 2007 7 4743 80
Also see reference list company 21 WHO monograph
(1998)
WHO-TRM vol. 2 WHO-Traditional
Medicine: Radix Eleutherococci,
(Eleutherococcus senticosus)
monograph. (1998).
ESCOP monograph (2003) ESCOP Monographs:
Eleutherococci
Radix. The European Scientific
Cooperation on Phytotherapy
Exeter, UK. (2003), 2 Edit. p.1 42
Panossian, Wagner (2005) Panossian,
A., Wagner, H., 2005, “Stimulating Effect of
Adaptogens: A Overview with Particular
Reference to their efficacy following Single
Dose Adm inistration” Phytotherapy
See reference list Emblica officinalis company 3
See reference list Emblica officinalis company 3
See reference list Emblica officinalis company 3
See reference list Emblica officinalis company 3
See reference list Emblica officinalis company 3
See reference list Eucalyptus globulus company 3
See reference list Eugenia Jambolana company 3
Commiphora mukul helps thyroid functioning
Commiphora mukul helps maintaining a healthy weight
Curculigo orchioides helps support sexual health
Curcuma longa helps support liver health
Dioscorea bulbifera helps Menopause
Echinacea purpurea can help against symptoms of
common cold.
Can give strength in cases of reduced performance
caused by tiredness/fatigue and weakness
Emblica officinalis helps support liver health
Emblica officinalis helps General well being
Emblica officinalis is a potent antioxidant
Emblica officinalis helps stimulate immunity
Emblica officinalis helps digestion
Emblica officinalis helps relaxation
Application of essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus helps
support joints.
Eugenia jambolana helps stabilize glucose metabolism
Eugenia jambolana helps stabilizes the blood sugar
level
Eugenia jambolana helps regulate lipid metabolism.
Food supplement (capsules) with 260 mg extract from
Trigonella foenum graecum
(Common Name Fenugreek)
Heart health 1 capsule a day Review Buckenhüskes HJ, "Zur Diskussion über das
Vorkommen biologisch aktiver Substanzen in Kräutern
und Gewürzen", Z. Arzn. Gew. Pfl. 2005;10(4):172-179
Trigonella foenum graecum contributes to vascular
health, which in turn helps to maintain a healthy heart
55 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

Food or Food
Component
Food supplement (capsules) with 260 mg extract from
Trigonella foenum graecum
(Common Name Fenugreek)
NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Hair health 1 capsule a day Monocentric, randomised, double-blind,
placebocontrolled clinical study
References
Example of wording
Christiane Schulz, Stephan Bielfeldt, Dr. Jürgen The extract from Trigonelle foenum graecum in the
Reimann: Fenugreek + micronutrients: Efficacy of a food Arcon-products is documented in women and men with
supplement against hair loss Kosmetische Medizin 4/06 low to moderate hair loss
ISSN 1430-4031
Food supplement (capsules) with 260 mg extract from
Trigonella foenum graecum
(Common Name Fenugreek)
Food supplement (capsules) with 260 mg extract from
Trigonella foenum graecum
(Common Name Fenugreek)
Glucose metabolism 1 capsule a day Monograph, review, human studie See reference list company 1 Trigonella foenum graecum contributes to normal
glucose and insulin
metabolism
Appetite 1 capsule a day Textbook, monograph Bisset NG, Wichtl M (Editors), "Herbal Drugs and Trigonella foenum graecum helps to support digestion
Phytopharmaceuticals", second edition,
2001, medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers, Stuttgart,
Germany
- HagerROM 2004: Hagers Handbuch der Drogen und
Arzneistoffe, 2005, Springer Verlag
GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
- Herbal Remedies/ Heilpflanzen, Version 5, 2003,
medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers,
Stuttgart, Germany
- Blumenthal M, "The Complete German Commission E
Monographs", 1998, American Botanical
Council, Austin, Texas, USA
Food supplement (extractum) with 200mg fresh powder
of roots from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer (per ampoule)
(10 ml)
Food supplement (extractum) with 200mg fresh powder
of roots from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer (per ampoule)
(10 ml)
Food supplement (extractum) with 200mg fresh powder
of roots from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer (per ampoule)
(10 ml)
Cognitive performance 1 ampoule a day Textbooks, peer-reviewed publications and evidence of
traditional use.
See reference list company 1
Invigoration of the body 1 ampoule a day Authoritative body, textbooks, peer-reviewed publications See reference list company 1
and evidence of traditional use.
Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer may improve cognitive
performance
Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer gives a feeling of energy and
vitality, physical and mental well-being.
Glucose metabolism 1 ampoule a day Textbooks and evidence of traditional use Dey L, Xie JT, et al., ""Anti-hyperglycemic effects of
ginseng : comparison between root and berry"",
Phytomedicine, 10;2003:600-605
- Ohnishi Y, Takagi S, et al., ""Effect of ginseng radix on
Glut2 protein content in mouse liver in normal and
epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice"", Biological &
pharmaceutical bulletin, 19(9);1996:1238-1240
- Konno C, et al., ""Isolation and hypoglycemic acitivity of
Panaxans Q, R, S, T and U, glycans of Panax ginseng
roots"", Journal of ethnopharmacology, 14;1985:69-74
- Wang BX, et al., ""Hypoglycemic activity of ginseng
glycopeptide"", Acta pharmacologica
Sinica, 24(1);2003:50-54
- Reay JL et al., ""Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115)
reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive
performance during sustained mental activity."", J
Psychopharmacol. 2005;19(4):357-365
- Reay JL et al., ""Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed
with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and
cognitive performance during sustained ""mentally
demanding"" tasks."" J
Psychopharmacol. 2006;20(6):771-781
Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer helps to maintain a normal
blood glucose level as part of a healthy lifestyle
Food supplement (extractum) with 200mg fresh powder
of roots from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer (per ampoule)
(10 ml)
Immune health 1 ampoule a day Studies and evidence of traditional use See reference list company 1 Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer contributes to the natural
defences and proper
functioning of the immune system
Food supplement (extractum) with 200mg fresh powder
of roots from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer (per ampoule)
(10 ml)
Sexual health 1 ampoule a day Textbooks and Articles and evidence of traditional use See reference list company 1 Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer Help to maintain good sexual
relations
Food supplement (extractum) with 200mg fresh powder Antioxidant properties 1 ampoule a day Textbooks, monographs and evidence of traditional use Manfredini S et al., "Antioxidant Herbal Supplements for Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer contributes to cell protection
of roots from Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer (per ampoule)
(10 ml)
Hemorrhoids. Developing a new formula", NutraFoods
2004; 3(3):19-26
- Blumenthal M, "The Complete German Commission E
Monographs", 1998, American Botanical Council, Austin,
Texas, USA
56 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Garcinia combogia Antiobesity • Animal studies
• Human studies
• Govt. of India publications
References
See reference list Garcinia combogia company 3
Example of wording
Garcinia combogia
Helps in maintaining a balanced weight
Gaultheria procumbens Joint health • Review
• Text books
See reference list Gaultheria procumbens company
3
Essential oil of Gaultheria procumbens helps support
joint health
Gentiana kurro Liver health • Human study
See reference list Gentiana kurro company 3 Gentian kurro helps stimulate liver
• Review
• Authentic text book
Gentiana kurro Liver health • Human study
See reference list Gentiana kurro company 3 Gentian kurro helps in liver health
• Review
• Authentic text book
Ginko biloba Gingko and cognitive function Only for Extracts corresponding to German Monograph Studies 1) American Botanical Council (2002) Ginkgo biloba. The
ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs 2) Birks, J.; Grimley Evans, J.
and Van Dongen, M. (2003) Ginkgo biloba for cognitive
impairment and dementia. Cochrane Library 2003, Issue 4 3)
Brautigam, M.R.H.; Blommaert, F.A.; Verleye, G.; Castermans
J.; Jansen Steur, E.N.H. and Kleijnen, J. (1998) Treatment of
age-related memory complaints with Ginkgo biloba extract: a
randomized double blind placebo-controlled study.
Phytomedicine 5(6), 425–434 4) Ernst, E. and Pittler, M.H.
(1999) Ginkgo biloba for dementia: A systematic review of
double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Clin. Drug. Invest.
17(4), 301-308 5) German Monograph. German Commission
E Monographs (1994) Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract. In
Therapeutic Guide To Herbal Medicines, American Botanical
Council, 1999, on CD-ROM 6) Grässel, E. (1992) Effect of
Ginkgo biloba extract on mental performance. Double-blind
study using computerized measurement conditions in patients
with cerebral insufficiency Fortschr. Med. Feb 20; 110(5),
Gingko helps to prevent age related memory decline and to
preserve cognitive funtions
73–76 7) Hofferberth, B. (1989) The effect of Ginkgo biloba ex
Ginseng Ginseng and immunity Only for standardized extracts with ginsenoside Rg1/Rb1 ratio Studies
> 0.5
1) Attele, A.S.; Wu, J.A. and Yuan, C.-S. (1999) Ginseng Ginseng supports the immune system
pharmacology. Multiple constituents and multiple actions.
Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1685-1693 2) O'Hara, M.A.; Kiefer,
D.; Farrel, K. and Kemper, K. (1998) A review of 12
commonly used medicinal herbs. Arch. Fam. Med. 7(6), 523-
536 3) Sato, T. and Miyata, G. (2000) The nutraceutical
benefit, part II: Ginseng. Nutr. Pharm. 16, 391-392 4)
Scaglione, F.; Ferrrara, F.; Dugnani, S.; Falchi, M.;
Santoro, G. and Fraschini, F. (1990) Immunomodulatory
effects of two extracts of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 16(10), 537-542 5) Voelker, R.
(2001) CAM research attempts to separate wheat from
Chaff – Ginseng boosts antibodies. JAMA 286(2), 156-
158
Ginseng Ginseng and vitality Only for standardized extracts with ginsenoside Rg1/Rb1 ratio Studies
> 0.5
1) Attele, A.S.; Wu, J.A. and Yuan, C.-S. (1999) Ginseng Ginseng helps to sustain physical and mental vitality
pharmacology. Multiple constituents and multiple actions.
Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1685-1693 2) Bucci, L.R. (2000)
Selected herbals and human exercise performance. Am. J. Clin.
Nutr. 72(suppl), 624S-636S 3) D’Angelo, L.; Grimaldi, R.;
Caravaggi, M.; Marcoli, M.; Perucca, E.; Lecchini, S.; Frigo,
G.M. and Crema, A. (1986) A double-blind, placebo-controlled
clinical study on the effect of a standardized ginseng extract on
psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers. J.
Ethnopharmacol. 16(1), 15-22 5) Ellis, J.M. and Reddy, P.
(2002) Effects of panax ginseng on quality of life. Ann.
Pharmacother. 36, 375-379 6) O'Hara, M.A.; Kiefer, D.;
Farrel, K. and Kemper, K. (1998) A review of 12 commonly
used medicinal herbs. Arch. Fam. Med. 7(6), 523-536 7)
Vogler, B.K.; Pittler, M.H. and Ernst, E. (1999) The efficacy of
ginseng. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Eur.
J. Clin. Pharmacol. 55, 567-575 8) WHO (1999) Radix
Ginseng in Monographs on selected medicinal plants, vol. 1, pp
168-182, WHO Geneva
57 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Mental relaxation
• Animal study
Stress
• Review
• Classical ayurvedic text
References
See reference list Glycyrrhiza glabra company 3
Example of wording
Glycrrhiza promotes mental relaxation
Glycrrhiza glabra helps reduce stress.
Green tea Green tea and metabolism / fat oxidation studies 1) Dulloo, A.G.; Duret, C.; Rohrer, D.; Girardier, L.; Mensi, Natural green tea extract with EGCG helps to enhance
N.; Fathi, M.; Chantre, P. and Vandermander, J. (1999) metabolism / stimulates fat oxidation
Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and
caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation
in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 1040-1045 2) Dulloo, A.G.;
Seydoux, J.; Girardier, L.; Chantre, P. and Vandermander, J.
(2000) Green tea and thermogenesis: interactions between
catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity.
Internat. J. Obes. 24, 252-258 3) Rumpler, W.; Seale, J.;
Clevidence, B.; Judd, J.; Wiley, E.; Yamamoto, S.; Komatsu,
T.; Sawaki, T.; Ishikura, Y. and Hosoda, K. (2001) Oolong tea
increases metabolic rate and fat oxidation in men. J Nutr.
131(11), 2848-2852 4) St.-Onge, M.P. (2005) Dietary fats,
teas, dairy and nuts:potential functional foods for weight
control. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81, 7-15
Guarana Guarana and mental performance Only with at least 50 mg Guarana Studies 1) Carlini, E.A. (2003) Plants and the central nervous system. Guarana improves alertness and reduces mental fatigue
Pharmacol. Biochem. Behavior 75, 501-512 2) Haskell, C.F.;
Kennedy, D.; Wesnes, .K.A.; Milne, A.L. and Scholey, A.B.
(2006) A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-dose
evaluation of the acute behavioural effects of guarana in
humans. J Psychopharmacol. 2006 Mar 13; [Epub ahead of
print] 3) Katzung, W. (1993) Guarana – a natural product
with high caffeine content. Med. Monatsschr. Pharm.
16(11), 330-333 (in German) 4) Kennedy, D.; Haskell,
C.; Pace, S.; Zangara, A. and Scholey, A. (2004a)
Psychoactive effects of a single dose Paullinia cupana
(Guarana) during intense mental demand. Poster
presented at the Worldnutra Conference 2004, San
Francisco, November 8-10 5) Kennedy, D.O., Haskell,
C.F.; Wesnes, K.A. and Scholey, A.B. (2004b) Improved
cognitive performance in human volunteers following
administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract:
comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng.
Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 79(3):401-411
58 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Hemidesmus indicus Prostate health • Government of India Publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
Hemidesmus indicus Respiratory health • Government of India Publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
References
See reference list Hemidesmus indicus company 3
See reference list Hemidesmus indicus company 3
Example of wording
Hemidesmus indicus prevents frequent urination during
nighttime.
Hemidesmus indicus is good for prostate health
Hemidesmus indicus helps cleanse respiratory system
Hemidesmus indicus Menopause • Government of India Publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
Hibiscus rosa chinensis Menstrual Health • Human studies
• Animal studies
• Govt. of India publications
Hibiscus rosa chinensis Hair Health • In vivo & In vitro study
• Govt. of India publications
Lotus arabicus Menstrual Health • Govt. of India publications
• Classical ayurvedic text
Mangifera indica Menopause • Human study
• Govt. of India publications
See reference list Hemidesmus indicus company 3
See reference list Hibiscus rosa chinensis company
3
See reference list Hibiscus rosa chinensis company
3
See reference list Lotus arabicus company 3
See reference list Mangifera indica company 3
Hemidesmus indicus helps reduce Hot flushes and acne
during menopause
Hibiscus rosa chinensis supports menstrual health
Hibiscus rosa chinensis supports Hair health
Hibiscus rosa chinensis supports Hair growth
Lotus arabicus supports Menstrual health
Mangifera indica helps Menopause
Mentha piperita Joint health Authentic Text book See reference list Mentha piperita company 3 Application of essential oil of Mentha piperita helps
support joint health.
Mesua ferrea
Haemostyptic action/
Digestive Health
• Studies
• Govt. of India publications
See reference list Mesua ferrea company 3
Mesua ferrea helps haemostyptic action Mesua ferrea
helps digestive health
Mucuna pruriens Nervous system • Human studies
• Animal studies
• In vitro studies
• Review studies
• Tekstbook by the Indian govt.
• Classical Ayurvedic Texts
Mucuna pruriens Sexual health • Animal studies
• Government of India publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
• Textbook
See reference list Mucuna pruriens company 3
See reference list Mucuna pruriens company 3
Mucuna pruriens is helpful for the nervous system
Mucuna pruriens is helpful for the nervous tissues
Mucuna pruriens helps improve sexual health
Mytillus margaritiferus (pearl oyster shell)
Calcium: 85 g/100 g
Required for normal structure of bones and teeth
Nødvendig for normal struktur for bein og tenner
The product must contain at least 15 % of reference • IOM DRV
amounts.
Expert Report
• EVM Expert Report
Produktet må inneholde minst 15 % av referanseverdien. • BNF
Taskforce Expert Report
Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference for calcium,
phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride.
Washington D.C. National Academy Press, 1997
Review of Calcium. Expert Group on Vitamins and
Minerals. March 2002.
(http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/evm0112p.pdf)
Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth.
Mytillus margaritiferus helps build strong bones and
teeth.
Calcium. The Report of the British Nutrition Foundation
Task Force. The British Nutrition Foundation, 1989.
Nardostachys jatamansi Nervous system • Animal study
• Govt. of India publications
See reference list Nardostachys jatamansi company
3
Nardostachys jatamansi helps strengthens Nervous
system
Ocimum sanctum Immune health • Animal studies
• In vitro
• Govt. of India publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
Ocimum sanctum Respiratory health • Human Study
• Review
• Animal
• Govt. of India Publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
See reference list Ocimum sanctum comapny 3
See reference list Ocimum sanctum comapny 3
Ocimum sanctum helps strengthen body immunity.
Ocimum sanctum helps promote respiratory health.
Ocimum sanctum helps in light asthmatic and allergic
symptoms
Pinus sylvestris Joint health Govt. of India Publication See reference list Pinus sylvestris comapny 3 Application of essential oil of Pinus sylvestris helps
support joint.
Piper Longum Immune Health • Animal study
• In vitro
• Govt. of India publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
Piper Longum Respiratory Health • Animal study
• Review
• Govt of India Publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
Piper Longum Digestive Health • Animal study
• Govt. of India publication
• Classical ayurvedic text
Piper nigrum Immune Health • Invitro study
• Classical ayurvedic text
Piper nigrum Respiratory Health • Animal study
• Classical ayurvedic text
• Govt. of India publications
See reference list Pipier longum company 3
See reference list Pipier longum company 3
See reference list Pipier longum company 3
See reference list Pipier nigrum company 3
See reference list Pipier nigrum company 3
Piper longum helps stimulate immunity
Piper longum support respiratory health
Piper longum support digestive mechanism
Piper nigrum helps stimulate immunity
Piper nigrum helps
Respiratory health
59 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
Piper nigrum Digestive Health • Human study
• Animal study
• Classical ayurvedic text
Pterocarpus marsupium
Glucose metabolism
Lipids metabolism
Rhodiola Rosea SHR-5 (Herb) Improving ability to handle stress Daily dosage for effect: 1-2 tablets 145-290 mg
Standarized extract of Rhodiola Rosea SHR-5
equal to 500-l000mg raw material (Product: Original
Arctic Root®)
15-3Oml equal to 15-300mg raw material
(product; Cisan with Rohdiola Rosea)
Rosa canina (Rosehip)
May have an anti-inflammatory effect and thereby
reduce pain in sore joints
• Review
• Human study
• In vitro
• Animal study
• Textbook US govt.
• Classical ayurvedic text
Monographs
Review
Placebo controlled study
Clinical study
Animal study
In vitro study
Rosa indica Intestinal Health • Govt. of India publications
• Textbook
References
See reference list Pipier nigrum company 3
See reference list Pterocarpus marsupium company
3
See reference list company 21
Blumenthal et al., 1998.
Wichtl, 2004.
Chrubasik et al., 2006.
Rosnagel et al., 2007.
Rein et al., 2004.
Warholm et al., 2003.
Winther et al., 2005.
Kharazmi & Winther, 1999.
Winther et al., 1999.
Orhan et al., 2007.
Jäger et al., 2007.
Larsen et al., 2003.
Yi et al., 2007.
See reference list Rosa indica company 3
Example of wording
Piper nigrum helps Digestive health
Pterocarpus helps stabilize glucose metabolism
Pterocarpus Marsupium helps stabilizes the blood sugar
level
Pterocarpus helps regulate lipid metabolism.
Can improve physical endurance
mental capacity/preformance
Can help against light stress symptoms as
tiredness/tatigue, weakness and consentration problems
• May have an anti-inflammatory effect and thereby
reduce pain in sore joints
• Helps reduce pain in the joints
• Improves significantly mobility of the joints
• Reduces stiffness of the joints
• Reduces morning stiffness of the joints
• Has a positive effect on joint mobility
• Helps keep smooth joints
• Helps reduce inflammation in the joints
• Helps constrain the inflammatory process in the joints
• Is a natural anti-inflammatory
• Is a strong anti-inflammatory
• Is a strong antioxidant
• A regular intake of Rosa Canina helps reduce pain in
the joints
• A regular intake of Rosa Canina for 8 to 12 weeks
shows significant improvement of the mobility of joints,
less pain and stiffness
• A regular intake of Rosa Canina has a noticeable
positive effect on joints
• A regular intake of Rosa Canina improves mobility of
joints
• A regular intake of Rosa Canina has a positive effect
on morning stiffness
Rosa indica
supports Intestinal health
Santalum album Urinary Health • Animal study
• Govt. of India publications
Santalum album Skin Health • Animal study
• Human study
• Classical ayurvedic text
Santalum album Menopause • Human study
• Animal study
• Govt. of India publications
Saxifraga granulata
Health of kidneys
Health of urinary tract
• Human studies
• In vitro studies
• Publications from Govt. of India
See reference list Santalum album company 3
See reference list Santalum album company 3
See reference list Santalum album company 3
See reference list Saxifraga granulata company 3
Santalum album helps Urinary health
Santalum album helps Skin health
Santalum album helps in Menopause
Saxifraga granulata helps cleanse the urinary system
Saxifraga granulata is good for kidney health
Saxifraga granulata Prostate Health Publications from Govt. of India See reference list Saxifraga granulata company 3 Saxifraga granulata prevents frequent urination during
nighttime.
Shisandra Chinensis (Herb) Increase physical capacity Daily dosage for effect:
• 1-2 tablets Schisandra Chinensis
2,5-5,0 mg Schisandrines equal
500-l000mg raw material
(Product; Chisan Adaptogen)
• 15-30m1 equal to 450-900mg raw
material
(product; Chisan with Rhodiola
Rosea)
•Animalstudy, placebo controlled
•Humanstudy, placebo controlled, double blind cross
over
Hancke (1996) Hancke, J., Burgos, R., Câceres, D.,
Brunetti, F., Durigon, A., Wikman, G., 1996, “Reduction
of serum hepatic transaminases and CPK in sport
horses with poor performance treated with a
standardized Schizandra chinensis fruit extract”,
Phytomedicine, 3, 3, pp. 237-2
Panossian (1999)
Panossian, A.G., Oganessian, A.S.,
Ambartsumian, M., Gabrelian, E.S.,
Wagner, H., Wikman, G., 1999, “Effects
heavy physical exercise and adaptogens
nitric oxide content in human saliva,
Phytomedicine, 6, 1, pp. 17-26.
Saxifraga granulata is good for prostate health
Can enhance the physical endurance
Can give strength in cases of reduced preformance
caused by tiredness/fatigue and weakness
Can improve restitution after exercise or illness
Sida cordifolia General well being • Human study
• Animal study
• Book references
Sphaeranthus indicus Prostate Health • Govt. of India publications
• Classical ayurvedic text
Sphaeranthus indicus Kidney Health • Govt. of India publications
• Classical ayurvedic text
See reference list Sida cordifolia company 3
See reference list Sphaeranthus indicus company 3
See reference list Sphaeranthus indicus company 3
Sida cordifolia helps general well being
Sphaeranthus indicus helps support prostate health
Sphaeranthus indicus helps support Kidney health
60 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit

NORWAY'S LIST OF ARTICLE 13 HEALTH CLAIMS
Food or Food
Component
Sphaeranthus indicus
Health of urinary
tract
Health Relationship Condition for the claim to be valid Nature of
evidence
• Govt. of India publications
• Classical ayurvedic text
Swertia Chirata Liver health • Animal study
• Authentic text book
Terminalia arjuna
Heart health
Antioxidant
• Human study
• Animal study
• Review
Terminalia belerica General well being • Animal study
• In vitro
• Classical ayurvedic text
Terminalia belerica Immunity • Animal data
• Govt. of India publication
Terminalia belerica Digestion • Animal study
• Govt of India publication
Terminalia belerica Antioxidant • In-vitro study
• Govt of India publications
References
See reference list Sphaeranthus indicus company 3
See reference list Swertia Chirata company 3
See reference list Terminalia arjuna company 3
See reference list Terminalia belerica company 3
See reference list Terminalia belerica company 3
See reference list Terminalia belerica company 3
See reference list Terminalia belerica company 3
Example of wording
Sphaeranthus indicus helps health of urinary tract
Swertia Chirata helps support liver health
Terminalia arjuna helps support the heart health.
Terminalia arjuna is an antioxidant
Terminalia belerica helps general well being
Terminalia belerica helps stimulate immunity
Terminalia belerica helps digestion
Terminalia belerica is an Antioxidant
Terminalia Chebula General well being Govt. of India publications See reference list Terminalia Chebula company 3 Terminalia chebula helps General well being
Terminalia Chebula Immunity • Animal studies
• Govt. of India publications
Terminalia Chebula Digestion • Human studies
• Govt. of India publications
Terminalia Chebula Antioxidant • In vivo and in vitro study
• Human study
• Govt. of India publications
Terminalia Chebula Liver health • Animal study
• Govt. of India publications
Tinospora cordifolia General well being/ Immunity • Human studies
• Animal studies
• Govt. of India publications
Vitis vinifera Liver health • Animal study
• Govt. of India publications
Withania somnifera Nervous system/ General well being • Animal study
• Govt of India publications
• Invivo- vitro study
• Human study
See reference list Terminalia Chebula company 3
See reference list Terminalia Chebula company 3
See reference list Terminalia Chebula company 3
See reference list Terminalia Chebula company 3
See reference list Tinospora cordifolia company 3
See reference list Vitis vinifera company 3
See reference list Withania somnifera company 3
Terminalia chebula helps stimulate immunity
Terminalia chebula helps digestion
Terminalia chebula is a potent antioxidant
Terminalia chebula helps Supports liver health
Tinospora cordifolia helps general well being
Tinospora cordifolia help stimulate immunity
Vitis vinifera helps support liver health
Withania somnifera helps strengthen nervous system
Withania somnifera helps improve General well being
Zingiber officinale
May have an anti-inflammatory effect and thereby
reduce pain in sore joints
Review
Grzanna et al., 2005.
White, 2007.
Monograph, 2003.
• May have an anti-inflammatory effect and thereby
reduce pain in sore joints
Placebo controlled study
Altman & Marcussen, 2001.
Bliddal et al., 2000.
Clinical study
Srivastava & Mustafa, 1992.
Srivastava & Mustafa, 1989.
In vitro study
Zingiber officinalis Liver health • In vitro
• Animal study
• Authentic text book
Lantz et al., 2007.
See reference list Zingiber officinalis company 3
Zingiber officinalis helps support liver health
61 * NFSA = Norwegian Food Safety Authorit