IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C Report, Date: 13.01.2009 40 35 Temperature Pattern Dry Air Temp. Wet Bulb Temp. 9000 8000 Temperature Pattern Acc. Frequ. Dry Air Temp. 30 7000 Wet Bulb Temp. Temperature [°C] 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 30. Dez. 29. Jan. 28. Feb. 30. Mrz. 29. Apr. 29. Mai. 28. Jun. 28. Jul. 27. Aug. 26. Sep. 26. Okt. 25. Nov. 25. Dez. Accumulated Time [h] 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 Temperature [°C] Figure 1-9: Dry and wet bulb temperature on hourly basis for one year of Frankfurt (left) and annual temperature distribution curve for dry bulb temperature with dedicated wet bulb temperatures (right). In Figure 1-10 and Figure 1-11 the lower section of this diagram is shown for four different sites and a further line (blue) is drawn, which represents the annual temperature distribution curve of the wet bulb temperature. Comparing the temperature distribution of the dry air and wet bulb temperature for Frankfurt Figure 1-10, left) to each other it can be seen, that the dry air temperature is approx. 940 hours above 20°C and the wet bulb temperature only approx. 170 hours. The mean temperature difference between dry and wet bulb temperature is ca. 7.4 K when the cooler operates only at dry air temperature above 20°C. 3000 Anual Temperature Distribution Curves Frankfurt Wet Bulb Temp. Distr. Curve of 3000 Stockholm Anual Temperature Distribution Curves Wet Bulb Temp. Distr. Curve of Accumulated Time [h] 2500 2000 1500 1000 Dry Air Temp. Distr. Curve of Wet Bulb Temp. dedicated to Dry Air Temp. Accumulated Time [h] 2500 2000 1500 1000 Dry Air Temp. Distr. Curve of Wet Bulb Temp. dedicated to Dry Air Temp. 500 500 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Temperature [°C] 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Temperature [°C] Figure 1-10: Annual dry air temperature distribution curve with dedicated wet bulb temperatures and annual wet bulb temperature distribution curve for Frankfurt (left) and Stockholm (right) page 13
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C Report, Date: 13.01.2009 Accumulated Time [h] 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 Anual Temperature Distribution Curves Madrid Wet Bulb Temp. Distr. Curve of Dry Air Temp. Distr. Curve of Wet Bulb Temp. dedicated to Dry Air Temp. Accumulated Time [h] 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 Anual Temperature Distribution Curves Palermo Wet Bulb Temp. Distr. Curve of Dry Air Temp. Distr. Curve of Wet Bulb Temp. dedicated to Dry Air Temp. 1000 1000 500 500 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 Temperature [°C] 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 Temperature [°C] Figure 1-11: Annual dry air temperature distribution curve with dedicated wet bulb temperatures and annual wet bulb temperature distribution curve for Madrid (left) and Palermo (right) Table 1-1 shows an overview of the operating hours and the maximum and mean temperature levels for different sites for dry cooler and wet cooling tower assuming that the cooler is in operation when the dry air temperature exceeds 20°C. The locations with moderate climatic conditions Frankfurt and Stockholm show only few operating hours with a low mean wet bulb temperature of about 16.5°C. The mean temperature difference between dry cooler and wet cooling towers is 5.5 K for Stockholm and 7.4 K for Frankfurt. At maximum air temperature the temperature difference is at ca. 12 K in Frankfurt. At Mediterranean climate conditions (e.g. Palermo or Madrid) the period of time with dry air temperatures of more than 20°C is far longer, e.g. 3237 h for Palermo. While the maximum dry air temperature in Madrid (36.4°C) is higher th an in Palermo (34.7°C) the maximum wet bulb temperature is much lower (Madrid: 24.5°C and Palermo 28°C). As expected, the wet cooling tower benefits most in dry hot climates but also in humid coastal climates the resulting cooling water temperatures are significantly lower, especially at very hot weather conditions. When the maximum cooling load is required the dry cooler delivers cooling water with a temperature level of 42.4°C and the wet cooling tow er of 30.5°C in Madrid which represents a difference of 11.9 K. In Palermo the dry cooler delivers a temperature of 40.7°C and the wet cooling tower of 34°C thus the temperature diff erence is still 6.7 K. page 14
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Endbericht Solare Kühlung und Klim
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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Condition
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IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

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