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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010 condenser temperature is low enough as the COP value increases. This correlation is used for the controlling concept of a SJEC and leads to the fact that the COP value of a SJEC depends predominantly on the condenser temperature. Furthermore, the COP value depends on the evaporator temperature as well. Figure 35 shows the influence of the condenser and evaporator temperatures on the COP value of a SJEC. COP [-] 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Evaporator temp. 7°C Evaporator temp. 13°C Evaporator temp. 17°C 0 10 20 30 40 Condenser temp. [°C] Figure 35: COP value as function of the condenser and evaporator temperature. The COP value of the SJEC increases as the condenser temperature decreases or as the evaporator temperature increases. The condenser temperature is related to the cooling water temperature. The evaporator temperature is related to the chilled water temperature and may be raised when the cold load is lower. This means that at lower ambient temperatures or at part load the COP value of the SJEC increases. In view of a typical cold load curve for a comfort cooling system, which is characterised by long operation periods at low ambient temperatures and at part load of the system, a good mean COP value of SJEC can be expected. 7.3 Research and development There are many companies producing steam jet ejector chillers for industrial use. This technology is currently used for large continuous flows of chilled water in industrial applications. As it is a well established product, there is no necessity in listing down the companies that manfucture these products in this report. Until now, it is not known whether any solar driven steam jet chiller has come into the market as yet. However, there have been some test rigs and prototypes developed and tested. In 1966 Kakabaev and Davletov described in [182] a first test rig with a cold capacity of 1 kW th with a total efficiency between 0.11 and 0.22. The motive heat is provided by a parabolic mirror sized 12 m². Freon is used as the working fluid and refrigerant. Huang, Petrenko and Chang describe in [183,184] a solar SJEC combined with flat plate collectors and R-141b as refrigerant. The temperature of the motive heat is 95 °C and the system reaches a total efficiency of 0.22 at a solar irradiation of 700 W/m². In [185] Wolpert and Riffat present a 7 kW test plant for air-conditioning of a hospital in Mexico. Water is used as the working fluid and refrigerant. In [186], a small test rig is described and its operational behaviour investigated. The SJEC has a cold capacity of 1 kW th and is solar thermally driven by a page 71
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010 parabolic trough collector with an aperture area of 10.5 m². Based on these results, a first completely automated prototype with a cold capacity of 5 kW th was developed and is presented in [187]. Besides the practical work on solar SJECs, a lot of theoretical work has been done to investigate and to optimise the process, as shown for example in [188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200]. A more detailed review of solar driven steam jet ejector technologies is given in [201]. Research institutes that are active in this field are (note: list is not complete): 1. Fraunhofer Institute UMSICHT Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany. Researcher: Clemens Pollerberg e-mail: clemens.pollerberg@umsicht.fraunhofer.de 2. AEE – Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Feldgasse 19, 8200 Gleisdorf, Austria Researcher: D. Jaehnig e-mail: d.jaehnig@aee.at 3. University of Stellenbosch Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering PO Box x1, Matieland 7602 South Africa Researcher: A. J. Meyer e-mail: meyer@sun.ac.za 4. University of Nottingham School of theBuilt Environment NG7 2RD United Kongdom Researcher: Saffa Riffat e-mail: saffat.riffat@nottingham.ac.uk 5. Université catholique de Louvain UCL Ecole Polytechnique de Louvain, Mechanical Engineering Department, TERM Division Place du Levant 2, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Researcher: A. Hemidi e-mail: amel.hemidi@uclouvain.be 6. Selcuk University – Alaeddin Campus Department of Mechanical Engineering, Falculty of Engineering and Architecture page 72
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IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Progr
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IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Progr
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Endbericht Solare Kühlung und Klim
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and
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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Condition
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3.1 Adsorption Systems Table 1: Ads
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4 Heat Rejection There is a number
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M M IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Condi
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M M M IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Con
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IEA SHC Task 38 Monitoring Procedur
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Table of tables Table 1 List of ele
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Pompe évaporateur + compteur C3 Dr
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80 70 Temperature (°C) 60 50 40 3
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Power (kW) 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
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Power (kW) 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
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Country Name/ Company City Applicat
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79 Spain Private House Olivares-Sev
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Questionnaire for Owners of Small-S
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Grundprinzip Solare Wärme thermisc
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- Leistungsvergleich von verfügbar
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Subtask A: Pre-engineered systems f
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Beispiele realisierter großer Syst
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a) b) c) Abb. 9: Installation eines
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Subtask C: Modelling and fundamenta
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Liste der Systeme im Monitoring von
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Liste der Systeme im Monitoring von
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Marletta, L., Evola, G. and Sicurel
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Ellehauge & Kildemoes Vestergade 48
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Tekniker Centro Tecnológico Teknik
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IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

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