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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask A Report, November 2009 • Very high ratio of surface to volume leads to relatively high heat losses. • A pump is necessary to transfer energy from the one tank to the other. • If an immersed heat exchanger only in the top of the hot water tank is used, to transfer heat from the main heat store to the domestic hot water store, the main heat store cannot be cooled to very low temperatures (mains temperature) leading to lower collector efficiencies. A concept with a flat plate heat exchanger between space heating tank and hot water tank performs better, but is much more expensive. • A circulation loop connected to the hot water tank leads to very bad thermal stratification in the space heating tank due to the high circulation return temperature. • Parasitic energy (electricity for the pump) is required for hot water preparation. • Relatively large volume on a temperature level that favors legionella growth. • If the boiler is only heating the auxiliary volume of the space heating tank, the boiler set point temperature must be relatively high. Tank in Tank The tank-in-tank concept was developed in order to reduce space requirements. The DHW tank (100-200 ltr) is integrated in the heat store as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3: Tank-in-tank system (Jenni, CH) page 8
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask A Report, November 2009 Advantages • High peak power on demand side. • Little effect of the circulation circuit if the circulation return line is connected at the height that corresponds to the temperature level of the circulation return line • Scaling problems are rare. Because the diameters of the integrated tank are large compared to a heat exchanger, scaling usually has little effect. Lime can accumulate at the bottom end of the DHW tank, if the temperature of the heat store is above 60°C. • No parasitic (additional electric) energy for hot water preparation. • Little space requirement. • Much smaller hot water volume compared to the hot water tank which reduces the legionella problem in the tank. • Little heat losses due to the compact design. • The set point temperature for the boiler can be relatively low. Disadvantages • Depending on details of how the hot water tank is designed, the temperatures in the tank cannot be reduced close to the mains temperature. This depends mainly on how far down the integrated tank reaches. If the hot water tank is only integrated in the top part of the store, the bottom of the tank cannot be cooled down properly. • Some volume in the lower part is on a temperature level that favors legionella growth. • Maintenance and replacement is almost impossible, but depends on the tank design. • The top part of the space heating tank must be heated to hot water set temperature all the times. Internal Heat Exchanger for DHW-preparation The tank-in-tank concept was further developed to a DHW preparation system with immersed heat exchanger (DHW volume: 30-70 ltr) shown in Fig. 4 to reduce the legionella risk and the cost. Different systems are on the market, mainly differing in how the parts of the heat exchanger are situated at different heights of the heat store. Fig. 4: Internal heat exchanger for DHW-preparation (left and middle: Feuron, CH / right: Solentek, S) page 9
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- Leistungsvergleich von verfügbar
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IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

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