IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at
IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010 4.6 Commercial products suppliers • Kathabar (USA): Packed bed (Raschig rings) Kathabar Systems has manufactured desiccant dehumidification equipment for over 70 years. This company provides a wide range of dehumidifiers and regenerators. A total of 14 different size conditioners is available, each capable of handling either horizontal or vertical air flow arrangements. The smallest in the series is designed to handle airflows from 1274 to 2548 m3/h, the largest from 71,358 to 142,716 m3/h. Kathabar offers a total of eight different size regenerators which are matched with the conditioners required for a given installation, Figure 28. Figure 28: A commercially available packed bed liquid desiccant dehumidifier (Kathabar, 2007) [121]. • AIL Research: provide commercially liquid desiccant dehumidifiers and regenerators that are based on parallel-plate liquid-to-air heat exchanger. The dehumidifier is capable of handling airflows from 3398 to 10194 m3/h, Figure 29. Figure 29: Rooftop Liquid-Desiccant Air Conditioner (left), schematic of an AIL Research Liquid Desiccant dehumidifier. Source: Lowenstein et al. [122]. • Liquid-Desiccant Air Conditioner Menerga (Germany): New air handling unit using liquid sorption, dehumidifier in combination with a standard indirect evaporator cooler. Four pilot plants are currently in operation, one is operated using solar thermal energy (Freiburg, Germany), Figure 30. page 47
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010 Figure 30: Menerga air handling unit using liquid sorption technology. Biel et al. [123]. 4.7 References [83] Lucio Cesar De Souza Mesquita. Analysis of a Flat-Plate, Liquid-Desiccant, Dehumidifier and Regenerator. PhD thesis, Queen’s University, 2007. [84] Herold, K.E., Radermacher, R., and Klein, S.A. (1996) Absorption Chillers and Heat Pumps, CRC Press. [85] Collier, R.K. (1979) The Analysis and Simulation of an Open Cycle Absorption Refrigeration System, Solar Energy Journal, vol. 23 (4), pp. 357-366. [86] Lowenstein, Slayzak, Ryan, Pesaran (1998), Advanced Commercial Liquid-Desiccant Technology Development Study, Report Proj.-No. NREL/TP-550-24688, National Technical Information Service (NTIS) U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161, 703-605-6000 or 800-553-6847. [87] Grossman, G. (2002), Solar-Powered Systems for Cooling, Dehumidification and Air- Conditioning, Solar Energy, vol. 72 (1), pp. 53-62. [88] Bolzan, M. and Lazzarin, R. (1979), Comparison between Two Absorption Cooling Systems of The ‘Open’ Type Under Different Climatic Conditions, International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 2 (3), pp. 143-149. [89] Lazzarin, R.M., Longo, G.A. and Gasparella, A. (1996), Theoretical Analysis of an Open- Cycle Absorption Heating and Cooling System, Int. J. Refrig., vol.19 (3), pp. 160-167. [90] Johansson, L. and Westerlund, L. (2000), An Open Absorption System Installed at a Sawmill - Description of Pilot Plant Used for Timber and Bio-Fuel Drying, Energy, vol.25, pp. 1067–1079. [91] Heinzen R., Krause M., Jordan U., Vajen K., Technical Potential of Solar Thermal Driven Open Cycle Absorption Processes for Industrial and Comfort Air Conditioning, Proc. ISES Solar World Congress, Beijing, 18.09. - 21.09.2007, pp. 809 – 813 [92] Kerskes H., Heidemann W., Müller-Steinhagen H. (2004), MonoSorp- Ein weiterer Schritt auf dem Weg zur vollständig solarthermischen Gebädeheizung, 14. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie OTTI Energie-Kolleg. [93] Rane M. V., Reddy S. V. K., Easow R. R. (2005), Energy efficient liquid desiccant-based dryer, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25, pp. 769 – 781. [94] Waldenmaier M., A Sorption Heat Storage System for Dehumidification of Indoor Swimming Pools, IEA Annex 10, Phase Change Materials and Chemical Reactions for Thermal Energy Storage, First Workshop, 16 - 17 April 1998, Adana, Turkey. [95] Al-Farayedhi A.A., Gandhidasan P. M., Antar A., and Abdul Gaffar M.S., Experimental study of an aqueous desiccant mixture system: air dehumidification and desiccant regeneration. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A (Journal of Power and Energy), 219(A8):669 – 80, 2005. page 48
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<strong>IEA</strong> SHC Task 38 <strong>Solar</strong> Air Conditioning <strong>and</strong> Refriger<strong>at</strong>ion Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010<br />
Figure 30: Menerga air h<strong>and</strong>ling unit using liquid sorption technology. Biel et al. [123].<br />
4.7 References<br />
[83] Lucio Cesar De Souza Mesquita. Analysis of a Fl<strong>at</strong>-Pl<strong>at</strong>e, Liquid-Desiccant, Dehumidifier<br />
<strong>and</strong> Regener<strong>at</strong>or. PhD thesis, Queen’s University, 2007.<br />
[84] Herold, K.E., Radermacher, R., <strong>and</strong> Klein, S.A. (1996) Absorption Chillers <strong>and</strong> He<strong>at</strong><br />
Pumps, CRC Press.<br />
[85] Collier, R.K. (1979) The Analysis <strong>and</strong> Simul<strong>at</strong>ion of an Open Cycle Absorption<br />
Refriger<strong>at</strong>ion System, <strong>Solar</strong> Energy Journal, vol. 23 (4), pp. 357-366.<br />
[86] Lowenstein, Slayzak, Ryan, Pesaran (1998), Advanced Commercial Liquid-Desiccant<br />
Technology Development Study, Report Proj.-No. NREL/TP-550-24688, N<strong>at</strong>ional<br />
Technical Inform<strong>at</strong>ion Service (NTIS) U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port<br />
Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161, 703-605-6000 or 800-553-6847.<br />
[87] Grossman, G. (2002), <strong>Solar</strong>-Powered Systems for <strong>Cooling</strong>, Dehumidific<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> Air-<br />
Conditioning, <strong>Solar</strong> Energy, vol. 72 (1), pp. 53-62.<br />
[88] Bolzan, M. <strong>and</strong> Lazzarin, R. (1979), Comparison between Two Absorption <strong>Cooling</strong><br />
Systems of The ‘Open’ Type Under Different Clim<strong>at</strong>ic Conditions, Intern<strong>at</strong>ional<br />
Journal of Refriger<strong>at</strong>ion, vol. 2 (3), pp. 143-149.<br />
[89] Lazzarin, R.M., Longo, G.A. <strong>and</strong> Gasparella, A. (1996), Theoretical Analysis of an Open-<br />
Cycle Absorption <strong>He<strong>at</strong>ing</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Cooling</strong> System, Int. J. Refrig., vol.19 (3), pp. 160-167.<br />
[90] Johansson, L. <strong>and</strong> Westerlund, L. (2000), An Open Absorption System Installed <strong>at</strong> a<br />
Sawmill - Description of Pilot Plant Used for Timber <strong>and</strong> Bio-Fuel Drying, Energy,<br />
vol.25, pp. 1067–1079.<br />
[91] Heinzen R., Krause M., Jordan U., Vajen K., Technical Potential of <strong>Solar</strong> Thermal Driven<br />
Open Cycle Absorption Processes for Industrial <strong>and</strong> Comfort Air Conditioning, Proc.<br />
ISES <strong>Solar</strong> World Congress, Beijing, 18.09. - 21.09.2007, pp. 809 – 813<br />
[92] Kerskes H., Heidemann W., Müller-Steinhagen H. (2004), MonoSorp- Ein weiterer Schritt<br />
auf dem Weg zur vollständig solarthermischen Gebädeheizung, 14. Symposium<br />
Thermische <strong>Solar</strong>energie OTTI Energie-Kolleg.<br />
[93] Rane M. V., Reddy S. V. K., Easow R. R. (2005), Energy efficient liquid desiccant-based<br />
dryer, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25, pp. 769 – 781.<br />
[94] Waldenmaier M., A Sorption He<strong>at</strong> Storage System for Dehumidific<strong>at</strong>ion of Indoor<br />
Swimming Pools, <strong>IEA</strong> Annex 10, Phase Change M<strong>at</strong>erials <strong>and</strong> Chemical Reactions<br />
for Thermal Energy Storage, First Workshop, 16 - 17 April 1998, Adana, Turkey.<br />
[95] Al-Farayedhi A.A., G<strong>and</strong>hidasan P. M., Antar A., <strong>and</strong> Abdul Gaffar M.S., Experimental<br />
study of an aqueous desiccant mixture system: air dehumidific<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> desiccant<br />
regener<strong>at</strong>ion. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A (Journal<br />
of Power <strong>and</strong> Energy), 219(A8):669 – 80, 2005.<br />
page 48
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