IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010 was subsequently extended to the USA, Japan, China, Canada, Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela [37]. 2.10.3 Single-Double Effect Chiller Prototype To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first reference to a combination lithium bromide single-double effect absorption chiller appeared in US patent 4 439 999 entitled “Absorption Type Refrigeration System” and granted to Akio Mori, Shozo Watanabe, Mitsunubu Matshunada, Kenzy Machizawa and Ryohei Minowa. The patent protects a combination water-cooled single-double effect chiller in which the high-temperature double-effect chiller is powered by the heat released by internal combustion engine exhaust gases and the singleeffect generator by the cooling heat from the same engine. Its claims include the use of exhaust gas in the double-effect high-temperature generator, cooling engine heat from the engine in the single-effect generator and spray in the absorber. The new single-double effect prototype developed by this Research Group, patented in the European Union PCT/EP2009/057061 under European Patent EP09162208.4, features the following innovations: Flat sheet adiabatic absorber able to operate in extreme outdoor temperatures (tested up to t ex = 44 ºC), at which the solution does not crystallize. Air-cooled (usable also for water-cooled systems) condensing to 54 ºC. System for direct absorber and condenser cooling. This combination single-double effect prototype, integrated into a solar cooling system, can use the heat from that renewable source (or the exhaust heat from an internal or external (turbine) combustion engine) to power the single-effect generator. When the renewable or exhaust heat is depleted, the system operates like a direct-fired double-effect facility in which fuel is burnt with maximum efficiency to supply heat to the high-temperature double-effect generator. Where a building’s demand is partially covered by renewable, solar or biomass energy or waste heat, the single-double-effect systems can be used simultaneously, burning fossil fuel in the double-effect system to meet all the building’s demand. 2.10.3.1 Description Figure 9 shows the absorption chiller prototype that alternates between single-double effect operation, in which a series of valves enables one system or the other. The prototype has three operating modes: single-effect, double-effect and simultaneous. The bold line represents fluid circulation in single-effect operation, in which only the valveS V1S, LEV, V3 AND V5, while the valves 1B, V2LG, V1, V2, V4 and HEV remain closed. In double-effect mode, only the valves VIS, V3 and V5 are closed, while the valves 1B, V2LG, LEV, HEV, V1, V2 AND V4 remain closes. In simultaneous mode the solution pump (SP) feeds to all three generators. The following components are common for the three operation modes: absorber (A), evaporator (E), condenser (C), solution pump (SP), recirculation solution pump (RSP), heat exchanger (HEX), fan (F). In the figure 4 we can see a photograph of the single-double effect. Nominal cooling capacity of this prototype is 4,5kW in single effect mode operation; 7 kW working as double effect mode operation and 11 kW if the operation mode is single and double effect simultaneously. page 23
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010 Figure 9: Flow chart for the air-cooled single-double effect prototype 2.10.3.2 Experimental Results The prototype has been tested in single-effect operation mode during several days powered with thermal solar energy under environmental conditions of Madrid. The daily thermal COP obtained was between 0.55 and 0.7. The outlet evaporator chilled water temperature was between 15ºC and 17ºC when maximum outdoor temperature reached 38ºC. The maximum cooling power was 4.0 kW. No crystallization of the solution was observed. Figure 8: Air-cooled, single-double effect lithium bromide absorption chiller prototype page 24
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Endbericht Solare Kühlung und Klim
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and
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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Condition
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Power (kW) 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
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Power (kW) 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
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- Leistungsvergleich von verfügbar
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Tekniker Centro Tecnológico Teknik
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