IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010
Contents
1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… 4
2 Absorption Technologies…………………………………………………………….. 5
2.1 Introduction and historical review……………………………………..……… 5
2.2 Description of the technology…………………………………………..……… 5
2.2.1 Sorption refrigeration systems…………………………………..……… 5
2.2.2 Periodical sorption refrigeration processes……………………...……. 6
2.2.3 Continuous (ab)sorption refrigeration processes……………………... 7
2.2.3.1 Components and definitions…………………………………….. 7
2.2.3.2 Design of an absorption refrigeration process…………………. 9
2.3 Market situation – Ammonia/Water Systems…..…………………………… 12
2.4 Research and development – Ammonia/Water Systems...………………... 13
2.5 Relevant references – Ammonia/Water/Systems …..……………………… 15
2.6 Description of the technology – Water/Lithium Bromide Systems……….. 15
2.7 Market situation – Water/Lithium Bromide Systems………………………... 16
2.8 Research and development – Water/Lithium Bromide Systems………….. 18
2.9 Relevant reports and publications –Water/Lithium Bromide Systems…….. 20
2.10 New advances in absorption LiBr technologies for solar refrigeration…… 21
2.10.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………… 21
2.10.2 Flat sheet adiabatic absorber…………………………………………. 22
2.10.3 Single-double effect chiller prototype………………………………… 23
2.10.3.1 Description……………………………………………………….. 23
2-10.3.2 Experimental results……………………………………………. 24
2.10.4 Conclusions…………………………………………………………….. 25
2.10.5 Future work……………………………………………………………… 25
2.10.6 Acknowledgements…………………………………………………….. 25
2.10.7 References………………………………………………………………. 26
3 Adsorption chillers………………………………………………………………….… 27
3.1 General description of the technology………………………………………. 27
3.2 Main characteristics…………………………………………………………… 29
3.3 State of the art and present R&D topics……………………………………… 31
3.3.1 Heat and Mass Transfer………………………………………………. 31
3.3.2 Working pairs……………………………………………………………. 32
3.3.3 Classical working pairs………………………………………………… 32
3.3.4 Modern working pairs……………………………………………….….. 32
3.3.5 Component development………………………………………….…… 33
3.3.6 State-of-the-art chillers…………………………………………..……… 33
3.4 Suppliers.……………………………………………………………….………. 33
3.5 Literature list…………………………………………………………..………… 34
4 Liquid desiccant systems………………………………………………………..….. 37
4.1 Principles of operation…………………………………………………………. 37
4.2 Liquid desiccant systems for HVAC and cooling applications……………… 37
4.3 Applications…………………………………………………………………….. 40
4.4 Technology status…………………………………………………………….... 41
4.4.1 Desiccant materials…………………………………………………….. 41
4.4.2 Desiccant-air contactors………………………………………………… 42
4.4.2.1 Packing towers…………………………………………………… 42
4.4.2.2 Plate Type/Falling Film…………………………………………… 43
4.5 New developments of desiccant cooling systems…………………………… 46
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