IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010 Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration C1: State of the art – Survey on new solar cooling developments A technical report of subtask C Date: first draft: 26 th October 2009, revised 31 st October 2010 Subtask C1 coordinator: Michael Krause, Kassel University Report edited by: Robert Ghirlando, University of Malta Contributions from: Erich Podesser, AEE-INTEC, Austria Robert Ghirlando, University of Malta Tomas Núñez, Fraunhofer, ISE, Germany Mustafa Jaradat, Kassel University Michael Krause, Fraunhofer, IBP, Germany Roland Heinzen, Kassel University, Germany Lucio Mesquita, Enerworks Inc. Canada Paul Bourdoukan, LOCIE-INES/CNRS, France Etienne Wurtz, LOCIE-INES/CNRS, France Klaus Ellehauge, Ellehauge and Kildermoos, Denmark Constanze Bongs, Fraunhofer ISE, Germany Clemens Pollerberg, Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Germany Pietro Finocchiaro, DREAM, University of Palermo, Italy Marcelo Izquierdo Millán, CSIC, Spain José Daniel Marcos del Cano, UNED, Spain Note: Contact details are available at the end of the report in Appendix 1, page 75 . page 1
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask C1 Report, 31 October 2010 Contents 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… 4 2 Absorption Technologies…………………………………………………………….. 5 2.1 Introduction and historical review……………………………………..……… 5 2.2 Description of the technology…………………………………………..……… 5 2.2.1 Sorption refrigeration systems…………………………………..……… 5 2.2.2 Periodical sorption refrigeration processes……………………...……. 6 2.2.3 Continuous (ab)sorption refrigeration processes……………………... 7 2.2.3.1 Components and definitions…………………………………….. 7 2.2.3.2 Design of an absorption refrigeration process…………………. 9 2.3 Market situation – Ammonia/Water Systems…..…………………………… 12 2.4 Research and development – Ammonia/Water Systems...………………... 13 2.5 Relevant references – Ammonia/Water/Systems …..……………………… 15 2.6 Description of the technology – Water/Lithium Bromide Systems……….. 15 2.7 Market situation – Water/Lithium Bromide Systems………………………... 16 2.8 Research and development – Water/Lithium Bromide Systems………….. 18 2.9 Relevant reports and publications –Water/Lithium Bromide Systems…….. 20 2.10 New advances in absorption LiBr technologies for solar refrigeration…… 21 2.10.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………… 21 2.10.2 Flat sheet adiabatic absorber…………………………………………. 22 2.10.3 Single-double effect chiller prototype………………………………… 23 2.10.3.1 Description……………………………………………………….. 23 2-10.3.2 Experimental results……………………………………………. 24 2.10.4 Conclusions…………………………………………………………….. 25 2.10.5 Future work……………………………………………………………… 25 2.10.6 Acknowledgements…………………………………………………….. 25 2.10.7 References………………………………………………………………. 26 3 Adsorption chillers………………………………………………………………….… 27 3.1 General description of the technology………………………………………. 27 3.2 Main characteristics…………………………………………………………… 29 3.3 State of the art and present R&D topics……………………………………… 31 3.3.1 Heat and Mass Transfer………………………………………………. 31 3.3.2 Working pairs……………………………………………………………. 32 3.3.3 Classical working pairs………………………………………………… 32 3.3.4 Modern working pairs……………………………………………….….. 32 3.3.5 Component development………………………………………….…… 33 3.3.6 State-of-the-art chillers…………………………………………..……… 33 3.4 Suppliers.……………………………………………………………….………. 33 3.5 Literature list…………………………………………………………..………… 34 4 Liquid desiccant systems………………………………………………………..….. 37 4.1 Principles of operation…………………………………………………………. 37 4.2 Liquid desiccant systems for HVAC and cooling applications……………… 37 4.3 Applications…………………………………………………………………….. 40 4.4 Technology status…………………………………………………………….... 41 4.4.1 Desiccant materials…………………………………………………….. 41 4.4.2 Desiccant-air contactors………………………………………………… 42 4.4.2.1 Packing towers…………………………………………………… 42 4.4.2.2 Plate Type/Falling Film…………………………………………… 43 4.5 New developments of desiccant cooling systems…………………………… 46 page 2
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Endbericht Solare Kühlung und Klim
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and
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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Condition
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3.1 Adsorption Systems Table 1: Ads
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4 Heat Rejection There is a number
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IEA SHC Task 38 Monitoring Procedur
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Table of tables Table 1 List of ele
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Pompe évaporateur + compteur C3 Dr
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80 70 Temperature (°C) 60 50 40 3
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Power (kW) 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
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IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

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