IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at
IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask B Report, 2009-11-12 4% 2% 8% 46% 40% . FP ETC CPC Air PTC Figure 4.2 Percentage of use of different technologies for solar thermal collectors within 112 large scale systems. The overall solar surface installed in 108 systems amounts to 35,530 m². The largest surfaces installed for cooling purposes are located in Germany, Italy and Spain as shown in Figure 4.3. Solar collectors surface [m²] 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Portugal China Greece France Italy Austria Germany Spain Other Countries Countries Flat plate ETC CPC Air PTC Figure 4.3: World wide installed solar collectors’ surface for cooling purpose. The type of solar collectors used in each country is highlighted. According to Figure 4.3, the technologies used for solar collectors can vary country by country. For instance, 20% of the total solar surface installed in Germany is made of CPC collectors even though they mostly belong to one installation, i.e. the FESTO Company with over 1,200 m² solar collector’s surface. Still Italy and Spain feature Page 10
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask B Report, 2009-11-12 similar characteristics as their solar surfaces for cooling purposes are nearly 50% made of FP and 50% of ETC. However, 9/12 Italian installations feature ETC fields and the surface distribution similar to the Spanish one is only due to the largest solar cooling plant which has been built in Rome on the roof of the METRO Cash & Carry building (2700 m² driving 700 kW absorption chiller). Correlating the different technologies of solar collectors used per installed thermal driven technology in 112 installations, it results that not all possible combinations (20) are used (Tab. 2). Tab. 2 Number of installations counted for each possible technology combination (hybrid systems are not included in this table). Devices combinations Absorption Adsorption DEC solid DEC liquid FP 32 8 6 2 ECT 35 5 1 0 CPC 4 2 3 0 AIR 0 0 5 0 PTC 3 0 0 0 At the same time, 6 hybrid systems also occur, coupling different types of solar collectors or heat driven chillers. E.g. the first installation of the Technology Center Cartiff in Valladolid (ES) is made of 37.5 m² of FP and 40 m² of VT collectors which feed solar energy into an absorption machine of 35 kW. Moreover, the collector’s surface rated to the cooling power does not assume a recurrent value, even if the same technologies are applied. The average rates used within 95 large scale installations for different combinations of solar thermal surface (STC) and thermally driven chillers (TDC) are shown in Figure 4.4. Actually, such average values are the results of largely different rates used in the examined installations, as represented in Figure 4.5. Page 11
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<strong>IEA</strong> SHC Task 38 <strong>Solar</strong> Air Conditioning <strong>and</strong> Refriger<strong>at</strong>ion Subtask B Report, 2009-11-12<br />
4% 2%<br />
8%<br />
46%<br />
40%<br />
.<br />
FP ETC CPC Air PTC<br />
Figure 4.2 Percentage of use of different technologies for solar thermal collectors within 112 large<br />
scale systems.<br />
The overall solar surface installed in 108 systems amounts to 35,530 m². The largest<br />
surfaces installed for cooling purposes are loc<strong>at</strong>ed in Germany, Italy <strong>and</strong> Spain as<br />
shown in Figure 4.3.<br />
<strong>Solar</strong><br />
collectors<br />
surface<br />
[m²]<br />
7000<br />
6000<br />
5000<br />
4000<br />
3000<br />
2000<br />
1000<br />
0<br />
Portugal China Greece France Italy Austria Germany Spain Other<br />
Countries<br />
Countries<br />
Fl<strong>at</strong> pl<strong>at</strong>e ETC CPC Air PTC<br />
Figure 4.3: World wide installed solar collectors’ surface for cooling purpose. The type of solar<br />
collectors used in each country is highlighted.<br />
According to Figure 4.3, the technologies used for solar collectors can vary country<br />
by country. For instance, 20% of the total solar surface installed in Germany is made<br />
of CPC collectors even though they mostly belong to one install<strong>at</strong>ion, i.e. the FESTO<br />
Company with over 1,200 m² solar collector’s surface. Still Italy <strong>and</strong> Spain fe<strong>at</strong>ure<br />
Page 10
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