IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask A Report, November 2009
Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 4
2 Solar Combisystems ...................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Scope...................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Generic Solar Combisystems Without Cooling Function from IEA SHC Task 26 .... 5
2.2.1 Heat Storage.................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Auxiliary Heat Management ............................................................................. 6
2.2.3 Location of DHW Preparation Unit ................................................................... 6
2.2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of DHW Preparation Methods ....................... 7
2.3 Suitability for Integration of a Solar Cooling System...............................................11
2.4 Other Features Relevant for Solar Cooling Integration...........................................12
2.4.1 Possibility to Reduce Tank Size for Summer Operation ..................................12
2.4.2 Stratification in the Tank..................................................................................13
2.4.3 High-flow / Low-flow ........................................................................................13
3 Thermally Driven Chillers ..............................................................................................16
3.1 Adsorption Systems ...............................................................................................17
3.2 Absorption Systems ...............................................................................................19
3.2.1 Ammonia – Water Systems.............................................................................19
3.2.2 Lithium – Bromide / Water Systems. ...............................................................21
3.3 Other Technologies................................................................................................23
4 Heat Rejection...............................................................................................................25
4.1 Heat Rejection Technologies .................................................................................25
4.1.1 Dry Cooler.......................................................................................................25
4.1.2 Wet Cooling Towers........................................................................................26
4.1.3 Hybrid .............................................................................................................27
4.1.4 Boreholes........................................................................................................28
4.1.5 Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers...............................................................29
4.2 Examples of Heat Rejection Components ..............................................................31
4.3 Electricity Consumption..........................................................................................32
5 Cold Stores ...................................................................................................................34
5.1 Cold Stores Used in Small-Scale Solar Cooling Systems.......................................34
5.2 Alternative Cold Storage Technologies ..................................................................34
5.2.1 Ice Storage Technologies ...............................................................................34
5.2.2 Addresses of Manufacturers ...........................................................................42
6 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................44
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