IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask A Report, Date:… Simulations confirm the significant increase of the solar gain e.g. during the heating period from October to March of about 20 %, compared to a hot water tank system with the same specific cubic content per square meter collector surface area (in this case 40 Liters/m²). All data of the solar fraction given above refer to the total amount of solar heat supplied to the building. These results by far exceed the performance of conventional large-scale solar installations. Pre-requisite for the obtained efficiency of the solar thermal system is the operation at moderate collector temperatures stabilized by means of the low-temperature latent heat storage. As a consequence, the major part of the solar heat supplied to the building passes through the low-temperature (LT) heat storage and only minor parts of the heat are generated at higher temperature levels, as given by the monthly data for the total heat supply to the building (total) and the contribution of the latent heat storage (LT). 5 Experiences / Lessons Learned Within the monitoring period of 3 years various efforts in increasing the energy efficiency have been made. As a result reliable and efficient components, e.g. EC technology for pumps and fans, have been applied. Apart from this, the system effectiveness also depends on: - the thermal COP has a crucial impact on the electrical COP. A poor COP results in an increase of the secondary energy used for dissipating the reject heat to the ambient. - the standby electricity consumption should be reduced to a minimum. At best, unutilized components are shut down completely. - the knowledge of the real heat content in the latent heat storage is essential for an optimized and efficient storage management aiming at high solar fraction and minimized electricity consumption. - the pressure drop in all components should be minimized, obeying economic and thermodynamic limitations. Further improvements will be realized in the near future: - Replacement of the 3-phase AC fan of the dry air cooler by a 1-phase EC model. This reduces the electric energy consumption of the cooler by about 50 % and the parasitic energy demand in standby by about 15 %. - Integration of an optimized latent heat storage with increased performance and reduced setup area (-50%). - Implementation of a 3-way mixing valve in parallel to the latent heat storage allowing for an easy adjustment of the cooling water temperature and preventing unintended loading of the latent heat storage. - Test of a heat content sensor for the latent heat storage. - Control of the flow rate of the primary solar loop depending on the current insolation on the solar collectors.
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask A Report, Date:… 6 Conclusions A solar heating and cooling system with absorption chiller and latent heat storage has been operated for more than three years with high energetic efficiency and only minimal maintenance effort. In recurring measurements from 2007 until 2010 no aging effects of the phase change material (PCM) used in the latent heat storage could be observed. Due to the implemented latent heat storage solar cooling with a dry cooling tower has been accomplished during the whole cooling period independently from ambient temperatures. In the heating periods an average solar fraction of 48% in 2008 and 33% in 2009 has been achieved owing to the reduced collector temperature stabilized by the latent heat storage. Aiming at series-production and wider distribution of the heat storage, in Oct 2009 a followup project for further development of the solar heating and cooling system has been started. By integrating a new optimized latent heat storage, accompanied by further system improvements, an electrical COP of 12 seems to be feasible for this solar cooling system. 7 Acknowledgment The project is supported by funds of the German Federal Ministry of Environment (BMU) under contract number 0329605O and 0329605D. 8 Bibliography M. Himpel, S. Hiebler, M. Helm, C. Schweigler, “Long term test results from a Latent Heat Storage developed for a Solar Heating and Cooling System”, Proceedings of EuroSun 2010, Graz, 2010 M. Helm, C. Keil, S. Hiebler, H. Mehling, C. Schweigler, Solar heating and cooling system with absorption chiller and low temperature latent heat storage: Energetic performance and operational experience, International Journal of Refrigeration, 32, 2009, 596–606. S. Hiebler, H. Mehling, M. Helm, C. Schweigler, Latent heat storage developed for solar heating and cooling with melting temperature 29 °C, Proceedings of Effstock 2009 – 11th International Conference on Thermal Energy Storage, Stockholm, 2009 M. Helm, S. Hiebler, H. Mehling, C. Schweigler, “Solar Heating and Cooling with Absorption Chiller and Latent Heat Storage”, 3rd International Conference Solar Air-Conditioning, Palermo, Italy, 30.09.–02.10.2009 C.Schweigler, S.Hiebler, C.Keil, H.Köbel, C.Kren, H.Mehling, “Low temperature Heat Storage for Solar Heating and Cooling Applications”, ASHRAE Transactions, ASHRAE Winter-Meeting, Dallas, USA, Jan. 2007 F.Storkenmaier, M.Harm, C.Schweigler, F.Ziegler, P.Kohlenbach, T.Sengewald, “Smallcapacity LiBr Absorption Chiller for Solar Cooling or Waste-Heat driven Cooling”, Proc. of the 30th International Congress of Refrigeration, Washington, USA, Sept. 2003
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Endbericht Solare Kühlung und Klim
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and
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IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Condition
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3.1 Adsorption Systems Table 1: Ads
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4 Heat Rejection There is a number
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M M IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Condi
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IEA SHC Task 38 Monitoring Procedur
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Table of tables Table 1 List of ele
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Pompe évaporateur + compteur C3 Dr
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80 70 Temperature (°C) 60 50 40 3
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Power (kW) 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
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Power (kW) 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
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9. Maintenance o What type of maint
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Grundprinzip Solare Wärme thermisc
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Hintergrund Operating Agent: Hans-M
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- Leistungsvergleich von verfügbar
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Subtask A: Pre-engineered systems f
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Abb. 3: Das Bürogebäude in St. Sc
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a) b) c) Abb. 9: Installation eines
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Subtask C: Modelling and fundamenta
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Liste der Systeme im Monitoring von
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Marletta, L., Evola, G. and Sicurel
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Ellehauge & Kildemoes Vestergade 48
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Tekniker Centro Tecnológico Teknik
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IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at

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