IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at
IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask A Report, Date:… 1 Background The low-energy building of the Technical College in Butzbach has a demand for summer airconditioning due to high occupation rates and the frequent use of computational equipment. Besides the regular school days the building is occupied throughout the summer season intensively as well. This fact was determining for the promotion of this project within the frame of the German Solarthermie 2000plus funding programme. Two ventilation systems with heat recovery and a 1,250 m³/h air volume flow rate each were already installed in the building. These systems were not sufficient in order to remove the sensible and latent cooling loads in summer. Therefore, a solar autonomous chilling plant was installed which consists of two absorption chillers of the type Suninverse from Sonnenklima, Berlin. Each of the chillers has a nominal chilling capacity of 10 kW. They are driven exclusively by solar heat from a collector field of 60 m² aperture area. It consists of evacuated tube collectors of the type CPC Star azzurro, Paradigma. In addition, the ventilation units were extended by cooling coils. Furthermore, chilled ceilings and a cooling shaft were installed. The area which is air-conditioned comprises 335 m². 2 System Design The Fraunhofer ISE supported the preliminary planning by carrying out simplified system simulations. With the help of the simulation results estimations could be given for the dimensioning of the system. The variation of the building simulation, which considers an external shading device, leads to estimations on the peak cooling loads (sensible and latent) of more than 20 kW. The sensible cooling loads often showed daily peaks of about 15 to 20 kW. As the type of chiller was almost already decided (Suninverse, 10 kW nominal chilling capacity) the results supported the installation of two absorption chillers. A simplified scheme of the complete air-conditioning plant of the Technical College in Butzbach can be seen in figure 1. Evacuated tube collectors 60 m² aperture area Cooling tower 1 Water Cooling tower 2 Cooling shaft Gas boiler Cold water storage 1000 l Airhandling units Chilled ceilings Hot water storage 3000 l Chiller 1 10 kW Chiller 2 10 kW Heating circuit Figure 1: Simplified scheme of the heating and cooling system in the low energy building of the Technical College Butzbach. Source: Fraunhofer ISE
IEA SHC Task 38 Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Subtask A Report, Date:… The hydraulic connection permits a single or a simultaneous operation of the chillers. Both chillers can deliver chilled water to the cold distribution systems. In the system concept it is planned that for high cooling demands in summer one of the chillers provides chilled water on a low temperature level for the dehumidification of the supply air. The second chiller supplies chilled ceilings on a higher cold water temperature level. This chiller cannot charge the cold water buffer storage. The last mentioned chiller could not be operated in the cooling season of 2009 due to a defect. Therefore, only operating results from one chiller can be provided for 2009. Since the end of June 2010 the second chiller could also start its operation. The whole heat production and distribution system is one continuous water circuit. There is no heat exchanger integrated into the loop. This means also that the collector is a pure water system. In times where anti-freeze protection is necessary heat from the hot water storage is returned to the collector in short pump intervals. Both, the solar collectors as well as the gas boiler can charge the hot water buffer storage. However, the boiler is switched off in the cooling period. By doing so, it can be assured that only solar thermal energy is used for the cooling of the building. Figure 2: Cold distribution systems in the seminar rooms. Top: chilled ceiling elements; right: cooling shaft (without cover) for silent cooling and air dehumidification. Bottom: one of two air handling units with heat recovery and supply air cooling and dehumidification. The air handling unit in the seminar room was insulated additionally against acoustic noise. Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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<strong>IEA</strong> SHC Task 38 <strong>Solar</strong> Air Conditioning <strong>and</strong> Refriger<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Subtask A Report, D<strong>at</strong>e:…<br />
The hydraulic connection permits a single or a simultaneous oper<strong>at</strong>ion of the chillers. Both<br />
chillers can deliver chilled w<strong>at</strong>er to the cold distribution systems. In the system concept it is<br />
planned th<strong>at</strong> for high cooling dem<strong>and</strong>s in summer one of the chillers provides chilled w<strong>at</strong>er<br />
on a low temper<strong>at</strong>ure level for the dehumidific<strong>at</strong>ion of the supply air. The second chiller<br />
supplies chilled ceilings on a higher cold w<strong>at</strong>er temper<strong>at</strong>ure level. This chiller cannot charge<br />
the cold w<strong>at</strong>er buffer storage. The last mentioned chiller could not be oper<strong>at</strong>ed in the cooling<br />
season of 2009 due to a defect. Therefore, only oper<strong>at</strong>ing results from one chiller can be<br />
provided for 2009. Since the end of June 2010 the second chiller could also start its<br />
oper<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />
The whole he<strong>at</strong> production <strong>and</strong> distribution system is one continuous w<strong>at</strong>er circuit. There is<br />
no he<strong>at</strong> exchanger integr<strong>at</strong>ed into the loop. This means also th<strong>at</strong> the collector is a pure w<strong>at</strong>er<br />
system. In times where anti-freeze protection is necessary he<strong>at</strong> from the hot w<strong>at</strong>er storage is<br />
returned to the collector in short pump intervals.<br />
Both, the solar collectors as well as the gas boiler can charge the hot w<strong>at</strong>er buffer storage.<br />
However, the boiler is switched off in the cooling period. By doing so, it can be assured th<strong>at</strong><br />
only solar thermal energy is used for the cooling of the building.<br />
Figure 2: Cold distribution systems in the seminar rooms. Top: chilled ceiling elements; right:<br />
cooling shaft (without cover) for silent cooling <strong>and</strong> air dehumidific<strong>at</strong>ion. Bottom: one of two<br />
air h<strong>and</strong>ling units with he<strong>at</strong> recovery <strong>and</strong> supply air cooling <strong>and</strong> dehumidific<strong>at</strong>ion. The air<br />
h<strong>and</strong>ling unit in the seminar room was insul<strong>at</strong>ed additionally against acoustic noise. Source:<br />
Fraunhofer ISE
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