IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at
IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programm - NachhaltigWirtschaften.at
IEA SHC Task 38 Monitoring Procedure 3. Monitoring procedure The monitoring procedure consists of an excel file where monitored data are collected and elaborated on monthly and yearly basis for both SHDC and DEC systems. For DEC systems one more excel file has been developed to collect and elaborate special data which are then integrated in the main file for a complete and correct performance evaluation. The main excel file of the monitoring procedure consists of 3 levels: 1. First level: Basic Information on COP, Primary Energy Ratio and Costs; 2. Second level: Basic monitoring procedure mainly evaluating the solar heat management efficiency (kept simple in sense of calculation and necessary monitoring hardware); 3. Third level: Advanced monitoring procedure evaluating primary energy savings and specific COP`s of components and groups (more complex in sense of calculation and necessary monitoring hardware). Several key figures are defined in each of the three levels and can be calculated depending on the sensors installed. In practice, each completed level of the procedure indicates a certain level of detail of the monitoring system. 3.1 Assumptions Before going in detail with the monitoring procedure, it is necessary to list the major assumptions at the base of the monitoring data collection and elaboration. 3.1.1 Accuracy of the sensors In order to enable a correct evaluation of the performance of a monitored solar heating and cooling system and a fair comparison between different systems, accuracy of measurements should be checked. Nevertheless, an estimation of the accuracy for the entire monitoring system installed is out of scope of the developed procedure. For this reason the tool only includes an estimation of the accuracy of the chilling power of the heat driven chiller (according to Eq. 1) and allows users to enter accuracies values for specific devices, such as signal conditioning devices, electricity energy counters and pyranometers. It is highlighted that the tool does not set any benchmark for the accuracy values but only show some accuracies to inform about the reliability of the output data. 2 2 ∆Q& ⎛ ∆ρ ⎞ ⎛ ∆V& ⎞ ⎛ ∆cp ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎛ ∆∆T ⎞ Eq. 1 = ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ + + 2⋅ ⎜ ⎟ Q& ⎝ ρ ⎠ ⎝ V& ⎠ ⎝ cp ⎠ ⎝ ∆T ⎠ 2 3.1.2 Efficiency of the conventional system Most key figures defined in the procedure for the evaluation of the performance of the monitored system require data on energy used for heating, cooling and DHW to be converted into primary energy. The calculation of the energy use needs the definition of the efficiency or the coefficient of performance of the applied heating, cooling and DHW systems. In practice such efficiencies have to be defined for the heat and cold backup systems and depend of course on the technology used. Typical backup systems applied in the monitored installations are natural 7 99% draft Version
IEA SHC Task 38 Monitoring Procedure gas boilers and compression chillers. In these cases the efficiencies considered for the backup system in the monitored installations are the same as in the conventional system. The use of common values for all the monitored installations enables the comparison between their performance results. For this reason some reference values have been defined, such as: - Natural gas boiler efficiency η boiler = 0.95 Eq. 2 - Seasonal Performance Factor of vapor compression chiller SPF ref = 2.8 ⎡ kWh ⎢ ⎣kWh th elec ⎤ ⎥ ⎦ Eq. 3 In case a boiler fired by renewable energy source (e.g. biomass) is applied, a special efficiency value can be used, labeled as: η boiler _ RES = 0.90 Eq. 4 All the default values listed efficiencies can also be substituted with special values in relationship with a different technology applied or according to the knowledge of the users (Refer to “3.2.1 General input data”). 3.1.3 Primary energy conversion factors On the other hand it has been necessary to fix the primary energy factors for the main energy carriers used in the installations, i.e. electricity and fossil fuels like oil and natural gas 1 . In fact it is the “fossil” primary energy factor, which means how much fossil energy was used in order to produce useful energy like thermal heat or electricity. 1 Please note that the values selected are actually the reciprocal of the so called primary energy factors defined according to the EN 15603 8 99% draft Version
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<strong>IEA</strong> SHC Task 38<br />
Monitoring Procedure<br />
gas boilers <strong>and</strong> compression chillers. In these cases the efficiencies considered for the<br />
backup system in the monitored install<strong>at</strong>ions are the same as in the conventional system.<br />
The use of common values for all the monitored install<strong>at</strong>ions enables the comparison<br />
between their performance results. For this reason some reference values have been<br />
defined, such as:<br />
- N<strong>at</strong>ural gas boiler efficiency<br />
η<br />
boiler<br />
= 0.95<br />
Eq. 2<br />
- Seasonal Performance Factor of vapor compression chiller<br />
SPF<br />
ref<br />
= 2.8<br />
⎡ kWh<br />
⎢<br />
⎣kWh<br />
th<br />
elec<br />
⎤<br />
⎥<br />
⎦<br />
Eq. 3<br />
In case a boiler fired by renewable energy source (e.g. biomass) is applied, a special<br />
efficiency value can be used, labeled as:<br />
η<br />
boiler _ RES<br />
=<br />
0.90<br />
Eq. 4<br />
All the default values listed efficiencies can also be substituted with special values in<br />
rel<strong>at</strong>ionship with a different technology applied or according to the knowledge of the users<br />
(Refer to “3.2.1 General input d<strong>at</strong>a”).<br />
3.1.3 Primary energy conversion factors<br />
On the other h<strong>and</strong> it has been necessary to fix the primary energy factors for the main<br />
energy carriers used in the install<strong>at</strong>ions, i.e. electricity <strong>and</strong> fossil fuels like oil <strong>and</strong> n<strong>at</strong>ural<br />
gas 1 . In fact it is the “fossil” primary energy factor, which means how much fossil energy was<br />
used in order to produce useful energy like thermal he<strong>at</strong> or electricity.<br />
1 Please note th<strong>at</strong> the values selected are actually the reciprocal of the so called primary energy factors<br />
defined according to the EN 15603<br />
8 99% draft Version
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