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2 Lester R. Brown et al., State of the World Report 2001, Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2001. 3 The home page of Jubilee 2000 website, www.jubilee2000uk.org, 24 March 2001. 4 United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 1999, New York: UNDP, 1999. 5 ‘The Rich Get Richer, The Dominion, 18 December 1999. 6 Martin Khor, ‘Backlash Grows Against Globalisation’, International Communication Project, Global Policy Forum, www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/define/bcklash1.htm, December 1996. 7 Post Election Briefing Papers, New Zealand Ministry of Social Policy, 1999, p25. 8 ‘Chaos as RichPoor Gap Grows’, report by Mary Longmore, The Dominion, 11 December 1999. 9 During the 1944 international trade conference at Bretton Woods, the USA promised to redeem the US dollars of creditor nations for gold. When Nixon unilaterally announced in 1971 that this would no longer happen, it left all currencies linked to the US dollar, which in effect was then confirmed as the international currency. 10 As a source I have used Bernard Lietaer’s The Future of Money: Beyond Greed and Scarcity, London: Century, 2000, in which he worked out his statistics using figures from the Bank of International Settlements Report. Lietaer points out that some of the speculative money is double counted, so the figure may be as low as 96 per cent. However, he says that the volume of speculative activity now doubles every three years, so eliminating double counting merely moves the timeline up a few years.
11 Lietaer, The Future of Money, p312. 12 David Korten, The Postcorporate World: Life After Capitalism, West Hartford: Kumarian Press and San Francisco: BerrettKoehler, 1999. 13 Between 1975 and 1997, according to the IMF website, there have been 158 episodes in which countries experienced currency crises. See www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/weo0598. 14 Lietaer, The Future of Money, p327. 15 Linda Clark’s report, TVNZ’s Face the Nation, 31 August 2000. 16 Ian Ewing, Deputy Government Statistician, in a press statement on the Statistics New Zealand/Te Tari Tatau website www.statsnz.govt.nz. 17 New Zealand Treasury briefings to government, Growing Higher Standards for New Zealanders, 2002, accessible at www.treasury.govt.nz/briefings/2002/chap1.asp. 18 ‘NZ Loses Position in the Human Race’, The Dominion, 13 July 1999. 19 Clive Thorp and Bun Ung, ‘Trends in Household Assets and Liabilities Since 1978’, Reserve Bank of New Zealand Bulletin, 63 (2), 2000. 20 ‘Student Notches up Debt of $167,000’, The Dominion, 5 June 2001. 21 David Choat, The 1999 Student Debt Casebook, Wellington: New Zealand University Students’ Association and Aotearoa Polytechnic Students’ Union, May 1999. 22 Student Loan Scheme – Publicly Available Accountability Information, report of the New Zealand Controller and AuditorGeneral, 23 June 2000. 23 Quoted in Mike Begg, ‘Where Credit is Due’, City Voice, 26 April–2 May 2001. 24 Statistics New Zealand/Te Tari Tatau, www.stats.govt.nz.
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Healthy Money Healthy Planet by Dei
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2 During the 1960s I listened on th
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4 money. Richard’s enthusiasm for
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6 must first be complemented by mon
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6 For over a decade, Japan struggle
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8 interestbearing money creation.
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10 provides a benefit for seller an
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2 After that, it didn’t take long
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4 Bank B. This is called a ‘depos
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6 Second comes the bit where banker
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8 debt, hence the collective debt c
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10 simply unsustainable in a finite
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12 pieces of paper grant the bearer
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14 master of all industry and comme
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16 Money Supply 1935 - 2000 120000
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18 commercial banks and is lent int
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2 And nor are things getting any be
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4 international trade in currencies
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6 The data on New Zealand mortgage
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8 The scheme has had unintended soc
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10 Household loans (1978-2000) 90 8
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12 City Council in mid2000 review
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14 Similarly, mortgages are classif
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16 And it is not just bank assets t
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18 Keeping the Secret But surely if
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20 Deputy Prime Minister. I asked h
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22 Individuals have to compete with
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24 instability. This speculation is
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51 cared for. The cancerous parts o
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53 constraints. What we need are so
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55 accelerating. Eighty per cent of
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57 waters to draw down. They also s
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59 As far back as 1987, a UN World
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61 The State of New Zealand Since 1
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63 Health and Disability Like other
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65 Low skilled jobs have largely di
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67 • One in two people in Ireland
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1 4 Unhealthy Globalisation The Sir
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3 Although the process of corporate
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5 globalisation is transnational ca
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7 Many others have spoken of invisi
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9 currencies to the US dollar. The
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11 policies of these nations in ret
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13 000). Round Tables The original
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15 annual meeting in the small ski
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17 When an enemy is powerful and ce
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19 In January 2001, protesters demo
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Martin Khor, Direitn 21
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78 Every day we hear politicians, c
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80 not return to the depression of
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82 billion, equivalent to 39 per ce
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84 which in turn rests on nature it
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86 increase. And when jobs are crea
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88 rather than adding them to the w
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90 achieved very different levels o
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92 placed at the top of the lists.
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88 6 Facing the Critics Through the
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90 the interestbased system, the
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92 good or fair or sustainable. An
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94 Certainly there are other ways o
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96 landlord who charges you rent al
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98 believe that credit to be valuab
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100 If interest rates were zero the
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102 It is quite fair that banks sho
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2 free money before, as we shall se
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4 In precolonial times, Maori tri
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6 In Maori tribes, the gift society
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9 What Gives Money its Value? To he
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11 accept money as payment, we unco
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13 goes still further and calls mon
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15 Spanish and Dutch coins from ove
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17 claimed that the UK’s financia
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19 Today, the Reserve Bank retains
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2 living systems. Finally, it discu
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4 If our species is to survive, a n
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6 with its own currencies, the patt
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8 While it is possible for each tea
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10 addiction, chronic illness and i
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12 4. Human economies can and shoul
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14 furniture transported at great c
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16 down and money has been moved ar
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18 areas? Is there a continuing dyn
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Some estimate the costs of traffic
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22 be a tension between the two. Th
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24 democracy at the local governmen
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26 as the individual organs of the
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2 The democratisation of national c
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4 her children who were fed by its
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6 happened - the imposition of a co
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8 existed and thrived for thousands
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10 In addition, by focusing on loca
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12 there is no hierarchy. As we saw
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2 Michael Linton, David Weston and
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4 could. He described them as ‘a
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6 resorts may find themselves amass
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8 problems. Since then, the system
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10 forms. In version 1, operating u
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12 All the following examples of co
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14 sent a researcher to check the w
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16 Salt Spring Island Dollars Salt
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18 British Columbia Financial Insti
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20 partnership. This trend has spre
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22 traditional rice planting and ha
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24 The city solicitor put the bigge
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26 In the next chapter on commercia
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28 43 Email from Eric Booth to Cal
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2 Enz, who were supporters of the f
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4 As with WIR, businesses are regis
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6 A significant innovation in New Z
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8 granting temporary credit where t
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10 requiring transactions to be 100
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12 participants of the scheme were
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14 Ideology of the Wirtshaftsring
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255 are already in possession of it
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257 that all hoards of money would
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259 sophisticated that Egypt became
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261 Austria, for a period of 14 mon
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263 US$260 million worth of work in
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265 Saving will become impossible.
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267 law professor in Italy. Profess
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269 The Chiemgauer 21 In early 2002
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271 Currency to Support Waldorf Sch
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20 It started in 1989 when Frank To
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22 Privately Issued Fiat Currencies
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24 The Note Corporation itself then
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26 andahalf years, A$3.5 millio
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2 of agricultural and mining produc
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4 such resource as fossil fuel, sin
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6 • The demurrage charge would re
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1 15 Lessons Learnt From Currencies
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3 Regardless of whether the transac
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5 payment of taxes. When the mayor
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7 within that global economy we mus
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9 Money can also be spent into exis
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11 Huber and James Robertson, 6 it
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13 apparently no one spread rumours
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15 One of the weaknesses of local c
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17 example (see page 000), the demu
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19 trading. We therefore need decen
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21 If citizens decide to build a se
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23 In Even if the Reserve Bank deci
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25 possibilities for reforming our
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27 1905. 2 Michael Reddell of the R
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2 Taxation Policies Before I discus
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4 But, like other assets, realest
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6 Most taxes fall on work. It makes
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8 slows down the increasing gap bet
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10 Bob Keall has also proposed taxe
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12 ways of avoiding paying tax. Tax
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14 Ltd, 1879. 3 Henry George, Socia
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2 of reserves, a single exchange ra
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4 revealed to show that they wanted
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6 Countries using the Australian do
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8 3 Helen Clark in an interview on
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2 community projects can be funded.
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4 feeling that the banks were not t
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6 terminals per 100,000 people, com
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8 to lend to groups rather than ind
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10 Islamic Banks Banks run along st
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12 decided to create an entirely ne
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14 Attempts to Start New Banks In 1
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16 During the local body election c
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18 Zealand Post was that there was
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20 Problem numbertwo — fees going
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22 Other microcredit schemes. A goo
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Page 339 and 340: 28 The Wellington Women’s Loan Fu
Page 341 and 342: 30 The Future of Community Banking
Page 343 and 344: 32 8 Quoted in ‘Banks Profit Exce
Page 345 and 346: 34 45 Details of Consumers’ Insti
Page 347 and 348: 2 created when commercial banks iss
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Page 353 and 354: 8 It is not easy to start again and
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Page 363 and 364: 18 moneycreation regime will natu
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Page 367 and 368: 22 and James Garfield have struggle
Page 369 and 370: 24 away and the scientific programm
Page 371 and 372: 26 Sources of Hope There are ground
Page 373 and 374: 28 beneficial effects. Indigenous i
Page 375 and 376: 30 taught me that some staff are re
Page 377 and 378: 32 New Zealand’s isolation, humil
Page 379 and 380: 34 • Visit Bali or Japan or any o
Page 381 and 382: 36 Although such a system will not
Page 383 and 384: 1 Ralph Chaplin Bars and Shadows. 2
Page 385: and narrated by Bill Still, and ava
Page 389 and 390: 37 Allison Stinson, ‘Developments
Page 391 and 392: 4 Roy Madron and John Jopling, Gaia
Page 393 and 394: 25 Viviane Forrester, The Economic
Page 395 and 396: 2 Michael Rowbotham, The Grip of De
Page 397 and 398: 25 Text of the Genoa G8 Summit, acc
Page 399 and 400: 18 The Independent, 21 July 1999. 1
Page 401 and 402: 14 Wolfgang Rosenberg, Money in New
Page 403 and 404: 6 Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A
Page 405 and 406: 11 Bernard Lietaer, ‘The Future o
Page 407 and 408: 39 1.1 Warehouse receipts. (The fin
Page 409 and 410: 41 2.3 By a commercial company, sma
Page 411 and 412: 43 Summary of Complementary Currenc
Page 413 and 414: 45 000) volunteers. Credits are put
Page 415 and 416: 47 the currency generating enthusia
Page 417 and 418: 140 Appendix 2: Useful Websites Gen
Page 419 and 420: 142 writings of evolutionary biolog
Page 421 and 422: 144 Green Dollars/LETS www.appropri
Page 423 and 424: 146 www.earthsharing.org.au An Aust
Page 425 and 426: 148 Email: bryank@earthsharing.org.
Page 427 and 428: Bibliography 1 Books and Chapters i
Page 429 and 430: 3 Douthwaite, Richard, The Ecology
Page 431 and 432: 5 Henderson, Hazel, Beyond Globaliz
Page 433 and 434: 7 Mitchell, Ralph A., and Shafer, N
Page 435 and 436: 9 Cobb, Clifford, ‘Displacing Bad
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Turnbull, Shann, ‘Why Reducing Ta
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The Guardian (UKbased daily) The
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1 Glossary Barter The direct exchan
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3 shared land ownership. Koha The M
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