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5 carrying costs on the medium of exchange and deprive money of its power to dominate the market. All this is leading to at least one solution – to establish and use complementary currencies to complement scarce national money, creating a diversity of currencies structured within an ecological model of organisation. Such a model, based on ‘holons’ within ‘holarchies’, is in stark contrast to the centralised hierarchy and borderless global economy we have now. Zero interest rates or negative interest rates, you say? That would send house prices soaring again. But this new money must never be used for speculation in land, so to prevent this we also have to reinvent land as a resource held in trust, not as an object of speculation. Only then will the organic connections between human beings and the earth will be restored. Land and monetary reform are equally essential for peace and social justice. Leaders in thought like GermanArgentinean businessman Silvio Gesell understood this very well almost a century ago. It is not just reforming currency that is needed, it is reforming
6 economic thinking and taxation systems to fit with nature. We also need many centres of decisionmaking so that no one individual or group becomes too powerful or is overburdened with functions. The fact that the money supply must keep on growing leads in turn to a growth imperative for the GDP. So it is also necessary to change the way we measure the success of our economy, as the GDP or Gross Domestic Product is fundamentally flawed as a yardstick. Although one of its main architects, Simon Kuznets, warned of it limitations sixty years ago, the GDP is still the chief economic measure of wellbeing and politicians still call for ‘economic growth’. What needs comprehension now, and what many will be surprised to learn is that the origin of the growth imperative lies in the way money is created as interestbearing debt. We can’t go on growing the economy forever. It damages our beautiful planet as one of its beings we are called to live in harmony with other creatures. However,
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Healthy Money Healthy Planet by Dei
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2 During the 1960s I listened on th
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4 money. Richard’s enthusiasm for
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6 must first be complemented by mon
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6 For over a decade, Japan struggle
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8 interestbearing money creation.
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10 provides a benefit for seller an
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2 After that, it didn’t take long
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4 Bank B. This is called a ‘depos
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6 Second comes the bit where banker
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8 debt, hence the collective debt c
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10 simply unsustainable in a finite
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12 pieces of paper grant the bearer
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14 master of all industry and comme
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16 Money Supply 1935 - 2000 120000
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18 commercial banks and is lent int
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2 And nor are things getting any be
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4 international trade in currencies
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6 The data on New Zealand mortgage
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8 The scheme has had unintended soc
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10 Household loans (1978-2000) 90 8
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12 City Council in mid2000 review
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14 Similarly, mortgages are classif
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16 And it is not just bank assets t
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18 Keeping the Secret But surely if
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20 Deputy Prime Minister. I asked h
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22 Individuals have to compete with
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24 instability. This speculation is
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51 cared for. The cancerous parts o
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53 constraints. What we need are so
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55 accelerating. Eighty per cent of
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57 waters to draw down. They also s
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59 As far back as 1987, a UN World
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61 The State of New Zealand Since 1
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63 Health and Disability Like other
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65 Low skilled jobs have largely di
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67 • One in two people in Ireland
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1 4 Unhealthy Globalisation The Sir
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3 Although the process of corporate
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5 globalisation is transnational ca
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7 Many others have spoken of invisi
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9 currencies to the US dollar. The
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11 policies of these nations in ret
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13 000). Round Tables The original
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15 annual meeting in the small ski
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17 When an enemy is powerful and ce
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19 In January 2001, protesters demo
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Martin Khor, Direitn 21
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78 Every day we hear politicians, c
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80 not return to the depression of
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82 billion, equivalent to 39 per ce
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84 which in turn rests on nature it
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86 increase. And when jobs are crea
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88 rather than adding them to the w
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90 achieved very different levels o
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92 placed at the top of the lists.
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88 6 Facing the Critics Through the
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90 the interestbased system, the
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92 good or fair or sustainable. An
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94 Certainly there are other ways o
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96 landlord who charges you rent al
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98 believe that credit to be valuab
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100 If interest rates were zero the
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102 It is quite fair that banks sho
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2 free money before, as we shall se
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4 In precolonial times, Maori tri
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6 In Maori tribes, the gift society
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9 What Gives Money its Value? To he
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11 accept money as payment, we unco
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13 goes still further and calls mon
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15 Spanish and Dutch coins from ove
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17 claimed that the UK’s financia
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19 Today, the Reserve Bank retains
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2 living systems. Finally, it discu
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4 If our species is to survive, a n
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6 with its own currencies, the patt
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8 While it is possible for each tea
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10 addiction, chronic illness and i
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12 4. Human economies can and shoul
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14 furniture transported at great c
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16 down and money has been moved ar
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18 areas? Is there a continuing dyn
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Some estimate the costs of traffic
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22 be a tension between the two. Th
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24 democracy at the local governmen
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26 as the individual organs of the
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2 The democratisation of national c
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4 her children who were fed by its
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6 happened - the imposition of a co
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8 existed and thrived for thousands
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10 In addition, by focusing on loca
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12 there is no hierarchy. As we saw
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2 Michael Linton, David Weston and
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4 could. He described them as ‘a
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6 resorts may find themselves amass
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8 problems. Since then, the system
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10 forms. In version 1, operating u
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12 All the following examples of co
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14 sent a researcher to check the w
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16 Salt Spring Island Dollars Salt
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18 British Columbia Financial Insti
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20 partnership. This trend has spre
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22 traditional rice planting and ha
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24 The city solicitor put the bigge
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26 In the next chapter on commercia
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28 43 Email from Eric Booth to Cal
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2 Enz, who were supporters of the f
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4 As with WIR, businesses are regis
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6 A significant innovation in New Z
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8 granting temporary credit where t
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10 requiring transactions to be 100
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12 participants of the scheme were
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14 Ideology of the Wirtshaftsring
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255 are already in possession of it
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257 that all hoards of money would
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259 sophisticated that Egypt became
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261 Austria, for a period of 14 mon
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263 US$260 million worth of work in
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265 Saving will become impossible.
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267 law professor in Italy. Profess
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269 The Chiemgauer 21 In early 2002
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271 Currency to Support Waldorf Sch
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20 It started in 1989 when Frank To
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22 Privately Issued Fiat Currencies
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24 The Note Corporation itself then
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26 andahalf years, A$3.5 millio
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2 of agricultural and mining produc
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4 such resource as fossil fuel, sin
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6 • The demurrage charge would re
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1 15 Lessons Learnt From Currencies
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3 Regardless of whether the transac
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5 payment of taxes. When the mayor
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7 within that global economy we mus
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9 Money can also be spent into exis
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11 Huber and James Robertson, 6 it
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13 apparently no one spread rumours
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15 One of the weaknesses of local c
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17 example (see page 000), the demu
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19 trading. We therefore need decen
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21 If citizens decide to build a se
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23 In Even if the Reserve Bank deci
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25 possibilities for reforming our
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27 1905. 2 Michael Reddell of the R
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2 Taxation Policies Before I discus
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4 But, like other assets, realest
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6 Most taxes fall on work. It makes
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8 slows down the increasing gap bet
Page 299 and 300: 10 Bob Keall has also proposed taxe
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Page 303 and 304: 14 Ltd, 1879. 3 Henry George, Socia
Page 305 and 306: 2 of reserves, a single exchange ra
Page 307 and 308: 4 revealed to show that they wanted
Page 309 and 310: 6 Countries using the Australian do
Page 311 and 312: 8 3 Helen Clark in an interview on
Page 313 and 314: 2 community projects can be funded.
Page 315 and 316: 4 feeling that the banks were not t
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Page 319 and 320: 8 to lend to groups rather than ind
Page 321 and 322: 10 Islamic Banks Banks run along st
Page 323 and 324: 12 decided to create an entirely ne
Page 325 and 326: 14 Attempts to Start New Banks In 1
Page 327 and 328: 16 During the local body election c
Page 329 and 330: 18 Zealand Post was that there was
Page 331 and 332: 20 Problem numbertwo — fees going
Page 333 and 334: 22 Other microcredit schemes. A goo
Page 335 and 336: 24 now operates are the Cooperati
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Page 339 and 340: 28 The Wellington Women’s Loan Fu
Page 341 and 342: 30 The Future of Community Banking
Page 343 and 344: 32 8 Quoted in ‘Banks Profit Exce
Page 345 and 346: 34 45 Details of Consumers’ Insti
Page 347 and 348: 2 created when commercial banks iss
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Page 353 and 354: 8 It is not easy to start again and
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Page 363 and 364: 18 moneycreation regime will natu
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Page 367 and 368: 22 and James Garfield have struggle
Page 369 and 370: 24 away and the scientific programm
Page 371 and 372: 26 Sources of Hope There are ground
Page 373 and 374: 28 beneficial effects. Indigenous i
Page 375 and 376: 30 taught me that some staff are re
Page 377 and 378: 32 New Zealand’s isolation, humil
Page 379 and 380: 34 • Visit Bali or Japan or any o
Page 381 and 382: 36 Although such a system will not
Page 383 and 384: 1 Ralph Chaplin Bars and Shadows. 2
Page 385 and 386: and narrated by Bill Still, and ava
Page 387 and 388: 11 Lietaer, The Future of Money, p3
Page 389 and 390: 37 Allison Stinson, ‘Developments
Page 391 and 392: 4 Roy Madron and John Jopling, Gaia
Page 393 and 394: 25 Viviane Forrester, The Economic
Page 395 and 396: 2 Michael Rowbotham, The Grip of De
Page 397 and 398: 25 Text of the Genoa G8 Summit, acc
Page 399 and 400: 18 The Independent, 21 July 1999. 1
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14 Wolfgang Rosenberg, Money in New
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6 Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A
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11 Bernard Lietaer, ‘The Future o
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39 1.1 Warehouse receipts. (The fin
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41 2.3 By a commercial company, sma
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43 Summary of Complementary Currenc
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45 000) volunteers. Credits are put
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47 the currency generating enthusia
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140 Appendix 2: Useful Websites Gen
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142 writings of evolutionary biolog
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144 Green Dollars/LETS www.appropri
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146 www.earthsharing.org.au An Aust
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148 Email: bryank@earthsharing.org.
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Bibliography 1 Books and Chapters i
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3 Douthwaite, Richard, The Ecology
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5 Henderson, Hazel, Beyond Globaliz
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7 Mitchell, Ralph A., and Shafer, N
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9 Cobb, Clifford, ‘Displacing Bad
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Turnbull, Shann, ‘Why Reducing Ta
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The Guardian (UKbased daily) The
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1 Glossary Barter The direct exchan
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3 shared land ownership. Koha The M
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