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1 19 <strong>Healthy</strong> <strong>Money</strong> Systems: The Future Mourn not the dead that in the cool earth lie, Dust unto dust. But rather mourn the cowed and the meek The apathetic throng That see the world’s weakness and the world’s wrong And dare not speak. – Ralph Chaplin 1 Our current unhealthy money system is causing spiralling debt, financial instability, a chronic shortage of money and a widening of the gap between rich and poor. It also forces continual economic growth, an impossible goal on a finite planet. How is this so? Few have ever understood that the national currency of industrialised nations is actually
2 created when commercial banks issue loans. In New Zealand 98% of the money supply is created this way. By an electronic sleight of hand, after a tacit but unwritten agreement with Government, banks create the loan but not the interest to pay back the loan. This means there is always a shortage of currency and all outstanding loans can never be paid back at the same time. Without sufficient money in the system, someone in the system has to lose and go further into debt to pay the interest due. Moreover, if everyone wanted their money out of the banks at the same time, then banks could simply not honour those debts. In the past decade, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and many Ministers of Finance have continued to deny that private banks create money, yet this does not tally with the findings of the New Zealand Royal Commission on Banking and Credit, which concluded in 1956 that banks are ‘banks of issue’ as well as ‘banks of deposit’. Readers can only speculate as to why there is such reluctance in high places to reveal the truth. Maybe it is
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Healthy Money Healthy Planet by Dei
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2 During the 1960s I listened on th
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4 money. Richard’s enthusiasm for
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6 must first be complemented by mon
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6 For over a decade, Japan struggle
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8 interestbearing money creation.
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10 provides a benefit for seller an
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2 After that, it didn’t take long
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4 Bank B. This is called a ‘depos
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6 Second comes the bit where banker
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8 debt, hence the collective debt c
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10 simply unsustainable in a finite
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12 pieces of paper grant the bearer
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14 master of all industry and comme
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16 Money Supply 1935 - 2000 120000
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18 commercial banks and is lent int
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2 And nor are things getting any be
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4 international trade in currencies
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6 The data on New Zealand mortgage
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8 The scheme has had unintended soc
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10 Household loans (1978-2000) 90 8
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12 City Council in mid2000 review
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14 Similarly, mortgages are classif
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16 And it is not just bank assets t
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18 Keeping the Secret But surely if
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20 Deputy Prime Minister. I asked h
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22 Individuals have to compete with
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24 instability. This speculation is
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51 cared for. The cancerous parts o
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53 constraints. What we need are so
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55 accelerating. Eighty per cent of
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57 waters to draw down. They also s
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59 As far back as 1987, a UN World
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61 The State of New Zealand Since 1
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63 Health and Disability Like other
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65 Low skilled jobs have largely di
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67 • One in two people in Ireland
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1 4 Unhealthy Globalisation The Sir
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3 Although the process of corporate
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5 globalisation is transnational ca
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7 Many others have spoken of invisi
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9 currencies to the US dollar. The
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11 policies of these nations in ret
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13 000). Round Tables The original
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15 annual meeting in the small ski
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17 When an enemy is powerful and ce
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19 In January 2001, protesters demo
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Martin Khor, Direitn 21
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78 Every day we hear politicians, c
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80 not return to the depression of
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82 billion, equivalent to 39 per ce
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84 which in turn rests on nature it
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86 increase. And when jobs are crea
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88 rather than adding them to the w
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90 achieved very different levels o
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92 placed at the top of the lists.
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88 6 Facing the Critics Through the
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90 the interestbased system, the
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92 good or fair or sustainable. An
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94 Certainly there are other ways o
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96 landlord who charges you rent al
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98 believe that credit to be valuab
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100 If interest rates were zero the
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102 It is quite fair that banks sho
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2 free money before, as we shall se
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4 In precolonial times, Maori tri
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6 In Maori tribes, the gift society
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9 What Gives Money its Value? To he
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11 accept money as payment, we unco
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13 goes still further and calls mon
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15 Spanish and Dutch coins from ove
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17 claimed that the UK’s financia
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19 Today, the Reserve Bank retains
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2 living systems. Finally, it discu
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4 If our species is to survive, a n
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6 with its own currencies, the patt
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8 While it is possible for each tea
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10 addiction, chronic illness and i
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12 4. Human economies can and shoul
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14 furniture transported at great c
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16 down and money has been moved ar
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18 areas? Is there a continuing dyn
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Some estimate the costs of traffic
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22 be a tension between the two. Th
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24 democracy at the local governmen
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26 as the individual organs of the
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2 The democratisation of national c
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4 her children who were fed by its
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6 happened - the imposition of a co
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8 existed and thrived for thousands
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10 In addition, by focusing on loca
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12 there is no hierarchy. As we saw
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2 Michael Linton, David Weston and
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4 could. He described them as ‘a
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6 resorts may find themselves amass
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8 problems. Since then, the system
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10 forms. In version 1, operating u
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12 All the following examples of co
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14 sent a researcher to check the w
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16 Salt Spring Island Dollars Salt
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18 British Columbia Financial Insti
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20 partnership. This trend has spre
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22 traditional rice planting and ha
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24 The city solicitor put the bigge
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26 In the next chapter on commercia
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28 43 Email from Eric Booth to Cal
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2 Enz, who were supporters of the f
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4 As with WIR, businesses are regis
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6 A significant innovation in New Z
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8 granting temporary credit where t
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10 requiring transactions to be 100
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12 participants of the scheme were
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14 Ideology of the Wirtshaftsring
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255 are already in possession of it
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257 that all hoards of money would
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259 sophisticated that Egypt became
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261 Austria, for a period of 14 mon
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263 US$260 million worth of work in
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265 Saving will become impossible.
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267 law professor in Italy. Profess
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269 The Chiemgauer 21 In early 2002
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271 Currency to Support Waldorf Sch
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20 It started in 1989 when Frank To
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22 Privately Issued Fiat Currencies
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24 The Note Corporation itself then
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26 andahalf years, A$3.5 millio
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2 of agricultural and mining produc
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4 such resource as fossil fuel, sin
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6 • The demurrage charge would re
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1 15 Lessons Learnt From Currencies
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3 Regardless of whether the transac
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5 payment of taxes. When the mayor
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7 within that global economy we mus
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9 Money can also be spent into exis
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11 Huber and James Robertson, 6 it
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13 apparently no one spread rumours
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15 One of the weaknesses of local c
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17 example (see page 000), the demu
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19 trading. We therefore need decen
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21 If citizens decide to build a se
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23 In Even if the Reserve Bank deci
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25 possibilities for reforming our
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27 1905. 2 Michael Reddell of the R
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2 Taxation Policies Before I discus
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4 But, like other assets, realest
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Page 303 and 304: 14 Ltd, 1879. 3 Henry George, Socia
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Page 309 and 310: 6 Countries using the Australian do
Page 311 and 312: 8 3 Helen Clark in an interview on
Page 313 and 314: 2 community projects can be funded.
Page 315 and 316: 4 feeling that the banks were not t
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Page 319 and 320: 8 to lend to groups rather than ind
Page 321 and 322: 10 Islamic Banks Banks run along st
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Page 325 and 326: 14 Attempts to Start New Banks In 1
Page 327 and 328: 16 During the local body election c
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Page 331 and 332: 20 Problem numbertwo — fees going
Page 333 and 334: 22 Other microcredit schemes. A goo
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Page 339 and 340: 28 The Wellington Women’s Loan Fu
Page 341 and 342: 30 The Future of Community Banking
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Page 363 and 364: 18 moneycreation regime will natu
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Page 369 and 370: 24 away and the scientific programm
Page 371 and 372: 26 Sources of Hope There are ground
Page 373 and 374: 28 beneficial effects. Indigenous i
Page 375 and 376: 30 taught me that some staff are re
Page 377 and 378: 32 New Zealand’s isolation, humil
Page 379 and 380: 34 • Visit Bali or Japan or any o
Page 381 and 382: 36 Although such a system will not
Page 383 and 384: 1 Ralph Chaplin Bars and Shadows. 2
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Page 387 and 388: 11 Lietaer, The Future of Money, p3
Page 389 and 390: 37 Allison Stinson, ‘Developments
Page 391 and 392: 4 Roy Madron and John Jopling, Gaia
Page 393 and 394: 25 Viviane Forrester, The Economic
Page 395 and 396: 2 Michael Rowbotham, The Grip of De
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25 Text of the Genoa G8 Summit, acc
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18 The Independent, 21 July 1999. 1
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14 Wolfgang Rosenberg, Money in New
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6 Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A
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11 Bernard Lietaer, ‘The Future o
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39 1.1 Warehouse receipts. (The fin
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41 2.3 By a commercial company, sma
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43 Summary of Complementary Currenc
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45 000) volunteers. Credits are put
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47 the currency generating enthusia
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140 Appendix 2: Useful Websites Gen
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142 writings of evolutionary biolog
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144 Green Dollars/LETS www.appropri
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146 www.earthsharing.org.au An Aust
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148 Email: bryank@earthsharing.org.
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Bibliography 1 Books and Chapters i
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3 Douthwaite, Richard, The Ecology
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5 Henderson, Hazel, Beyond Globaliz
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7 Mitchell, Ralph A., and Shafer, N
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9 Cobb, Clifford, ‘Displacing Bad
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Turnbull, Shann, ‘Why Reducing Ta
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The Guardian (UKbased daily) The
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1 Glossary Barter The direct exchan
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3 shared land ownership. Koha The M
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