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270 www8.plala.or.jp/oiaue/Tonga/Finau.html. 2 Silvio Gesell, The Natural Economic Order, 1913; reprinted and translated from the 6th German edn, San Antonio, Texas: The Free Economy Publishing Co., 1934, accessible at www.systemfehler.de/en/index.htm. The information on Gesell’s works in this chapter and the quotes from Gesell have been taken from this work unless indicated otherwise. 3 Werner Onken, ‘A Market Economy Without Capitalism’, www.sunshinecable.com/~eisehahn/newpage11.htm. 4 www.transaction.net/money/cc/cc04.html. 5 Ibid. 6 Irving Fisher source t.c. 7 John Maynard Keynes source t.c. 8 John Kenneth Galbraith, Money: Whence it Came, Where it Went, London: André Deutsch, 1975 9 Irving Fisher, Stamp Scrip, New York: Adelphi, 1933, Chapter 4, accessible at http://userpage.fuberlin.de/~roehrigw/fisher/stamp4.html. 10 Ibid. 11 Margrit Kennedy, Interest and Inflation Free Money, Mumbai and Okemos, Michigan: Seva International, 1995. 12 www.ratical.org/many_worlds/cc/CC.html. 13 Thomas Greco, Money: Understanding and Creating Alternatives to Legal Tender, White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2001. 14 Fisher, Stamp Scrip, Chapter 5, accessible at http://userpage.fuberlin.de/~roehrigw/fisher/stamp5.html. 15 Ibid. 16 Fisher, Stamp Scrip, Appendix 5, accessible at http://userpage.fuberlin.de/~roehrigw/fisher/stampap5.html. 17 Fisher, Stamp Scrip. 18 Source of stats t.c. 19 The description of the simec in this section is drawn from personal accounts by New Zealander Dr Finlay Thompson, who visited Professor Auriti in October 2000. Further information was derived from articles on the Internet and in the Wall Street Journal (see Note 21), L’Infomazione del Collezionista (Augusto Ferrera, ‘The Truth that Burns’, 16 August 2000), The Guardian (Roy Carroll, ‘Pensioner’s Currency Rivals Euro’, 5 September 2000) and the New York Times (John Tagliabue, ‘Foe of Italy’s Central Bank Issues Money in Village’, 30 January 2001). 20 Yaroslav Trofimov, ‘Conspiracy Theory Gains Currency, Thanks to Town’s Professor Auriti, Wall Street Journal, 6 October 2000. 21 The information in this section is based on the following sources: Mariana Schroeder, ‘German Teenagers Invent a Currency’, Christian Science Monitor, October 2003, accessible at www.csmonitor.com/2003/1030/p12s02wmgn.html; ‘Euro or Chiemgauer? Alternative
271 Currency to Support Waldorf School’, www.newmediaexplorer.org/sepp/2004/03/12/euro_chiemgauer_alternative; and Antonia Loick, ‘Regio Supplements Euro: More and More Regions Introduce Their Own Currencies’, http://goethe.de/kug/ges/wrt/thm/en164180.htm. 22 Email from Margrit Kennedy to Helen Dew, 11 October 2004.
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Healthy Money Healthy Planet by Dei
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2 During the 1960s I listened on th
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4 money. Richard’s enthusiasm for
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6 must first be complemented by mon
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6 For over a decade, Japan struggle
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8 interestbearing money creation.
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10 provides a benefit for seller an
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2 After that, it didn’t take long
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4 Bank B. This is called a ‘depos
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6 Second comes the bit where banker
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8 debt, hence the collective debt c
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10 simply unsustainable in a finite
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12 pieces of paper grant the bearer
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14 master of all industry and comme
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16 Money Supply 1935 - 2000 120000
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18 commercial banks and is lent int
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2 And nor are things getting any be
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4 international trade in currencies
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6 The data on New Zealand mortgage
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8 The scheme has had unintended soc
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10 Household loans (1978-2000) 90 8
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12 City Council in mid2000 review
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14 Similarly, mortgages are classif
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16 And it is not just bank assets t
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18 Keeping the Secret But surely if
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20 Deputy Prime Minister. I asked h
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22 Individuals have to compete with
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24 instability. This speculation is
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51 cared for. The cancerous parts o
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53 constraints. What we need are so
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55 accelerating. Eighty per cent of
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57 waters to draw down. They also s
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59 As far back as 1987, a UN World
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61 The State of New Zealand Since 1
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63 Health and Disability Like other
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65 Low skilled jobs have largely di
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67 • One in two people in Ireland
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1 4 Unhealthy Globalisation The Sir
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3 Although the process of corporate
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5 globalisation is transnational ca
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7 Many others have spoken of invisi
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9 currencies to the US dollar. The
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11 policies of these nations in ret
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13 000). Round Tables The original
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15 annual meeting in the small ski
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17 When an enemy is powerful and ce
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19 In January 2001, protesters demo
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Martin Khor, Direitn 21
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78 Every day we hear politicians, c
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80 not return to the depression of
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82 billion, equivalent to 39 per ce
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84 which in turn rests on nature it
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86 increase. And when jobs are crea
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88 rather than adding them to the w
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90 achieved very different levels o
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92 placed at the top of the lists.
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88 6 Facing the Critics Through the
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90 the interestbased system, the
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92 good or fair or sustainable. An
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94 Certainly there are other ways o
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96 landlord who charges you rent al
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98 believe that credit to be valuab
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100 If interest rates were zero the
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102 It is quite fair that banks sho
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2 free money before, as we shall se
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4 In precolonial times, Maori tri
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6 In Maori tribes, the gift society
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9 What Gives Money its Value? To he
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11 accept money as payment, we unco
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13 goes still further and calls mon
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15 Spanish and Dutch coins from ove
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17 claimed that the UK’s financia
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19 Today, the Reserve Bank retains
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2 living systems. Finally, it discu
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4 If our species is to survive, a n
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6 with its own currencies, the patt
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8 While it is possible for each tea
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10 addiction, chronic illness and i
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12 4. Human economies can and shoul
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14 furniture transported at great c
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16 down and money has been moved ar
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18 areas? Is there a continuing dyn
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Some estimate the costs of traffic
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22 be a tension between the two. Th
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24 democracy at the local governmen
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26 as the individual organs of the
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2 The democratisation of national c
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4 her children who were fed by its
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6 happened - the imposition of a co
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8 existed and thrived for thousands
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10 In addition, by focusing on loca
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12 there is no hierarchy. As we saw
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2 Michael Linton, David Weston and
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4 could. He described them as ‘a
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6 resorts may find themselves amass
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8 problems. Since then, the system
Page 196 and 197: 10 forms. In version 1, operating u
Page 198 and 199: 12 All the following examples of co
Page 200 and 201: 14 sent a researcher to check the w
Page 202 and 203: 16 Salt Spring Island Dollars Salt
Page 204 and 205: 18 British Columbia Financial Insti
Page 206 and 207: 20 partnership. This trend has spre
Page 208 and 209: 22 traditional rice planting and ha
Page 210 and 211: 24 The city solicitor put the bigge
Page 212 and 213: 26 In the next chapter on commercia
Page 214: 28 43 Email from Eric Booth to Cal
Page 217 and 218: 2 Enz, who were supporters of the f
Page 219 and 220: 4 As with WIR, businesses are regis
Page 221 and 222: 6 A significant innovation in New Z
Page 223 and 224: 8 granting temporary credit where t
Page 225 and 226: 10 requiring transactions to be 100
Page 227 and 228: 12 participants of the scheme were
Page 229 and 230: 14 Ideology of the Wirtshaftsring
Page 231 and 232: 255 are already in possession of it
Page 233 and 234: 257 that all hoards of money would
Page 235 and 236: 259 sophisticated that Egypt became
Page 237 and 238: 261 Austria, for a period of 14 mon
Page 239 and 240: 263 US$260 million worth of work in
Page 241 and 242: 265 Saving will become impossible.
Page 243 and 244: 267 law professor in Italy. Profess
Page 245: 269 The Chiemgauer 21 In early 2002
Page 249 and 250: 20 It started in 1989 when Frank To
Page 251 and 252: 22 Privately Issued Fiat Currencies
Page 253 and 254: 24 The Note Corporation itself then
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Page 259 and 260: 4 such resource as fossil fuel, sin
Page 261 and 262: 6 • The demurrage charge would re
Page 263 and 264: 1 15 Lessons Learnt From Currencies
Page 265 and 266: 3 Regardless of whether the transac
Page 267 and 268: 5 payment of taxes. When the mayor
Page 269 and 270: 7 within that global economy we mus
Page 271 and 272: 9 Money can also be spent into exis
Page 273 and 274: 11 Huber and James Robertson, 6 it
Page 275 and 276: 13 apparently no one spread rumours
Page 277 and 278: 15 One of the weaknesses of local c
Page 279 and 280: 17 example (see page 000), the demu
Page 281 and 282: 19 trading. We therefore need decen
Page 283 and 284: 21 If citizens decide to build a se
Page 285 and 286: 23 In Even if the Reserve Bank deci
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Page 289 and 290: 27 1905. 2 Michael Reddell of the R
Page 291 and 292: 2 Taxation Policies Before I discus
Page 293 and 294: 4 But, like other assets, realest
Page 295 and 296: 6 Most taxes fall on work. It makes
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8 slows down the increasing gap bet
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10 Bob Keall has also proposed taxe
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12 ways of avoiding paying tax. Tax
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14 Ltd, 1879. 3 Henry George, Socia
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2 of reserves, a single exchange ra
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4 revealed to show that they wanted
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6 Countries using the Australian do
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8 3 Helen Clark in an interview on
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2 community projects can be funded.
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4 feeling that the banks were not t
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6 terminals per 100,000 people, com
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8 to lend to groups rather than ind
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10 Islamic Banks Banks run along st
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12 decided to create an entirely ne
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14 Attempts to Start New Banks In 1
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16 During the local body election c
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18 Zealand Post was that there was
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20 Problem numbertwo — fees going
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22 Other microcredit schemes. A goo
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24 now operates are the Cooperati
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26 They donManchester Unity does no
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28 The Wellington Women’s Loan Fu
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30 The Future of Community Banking
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32 8 Quoted in ‘Banks Profit Exce
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34 45 Details of Consumers’ Insti
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2 created when commercial banks iss
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4 Fund (IMF) protect global corpora
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6 economic thinking and taxation sy
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8 It is not easy to start again and
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10 rest of the world, a US deficit
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12 competitive when the money syste
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14 environmentally friendly longt
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16 practitioners know a great deal
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18 moneycreation regime will natu
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20 international currencies. Some o
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22 and James Garfield have struggle
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24 away and the scientific programm
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26 Sources of Hope There are ground
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28 beneficial effects. Indigenous i
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30 taught me that some staff are re
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32 New Zealand’s isolation, humil
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34 • Visit Bali or Japan or any o
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36 Although such a system will not
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1 Ralph Chaplin Bars and Shadows. 2
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and narrated by Bill Still, and ava
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11 Lietaer, The Future of Money, p3
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37 Allison Stinson, ‘Developments
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4 Roy Madron and John Jopling, Gaia
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25 Viviane Forrester, The Economic
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2 Michael Rowbotham, The Grip of De
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25 Text of the Genoa G8 Summit, acc
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18 The Independent, 21 July 1999. 1
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14 Wolfgang Rosenberg, Money in New
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6 Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A
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11 Bernard Lietaer, ‘The Future o
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39 1.1 Warehouse receipts. (The fin
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41 2.3 By a commercial company, sma
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43 Summary of Complementary Currenc
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45 000) volunteers. Credits are put
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47 the currency generating enthusia
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140 Appendix 2: Useful Websites Gen
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142 writings of evolutionary biolog
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144 Green Dollars/LETS www.appropri
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146 www.earthsharing.org.au An Aust
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148 Email: bryank@earthsharing.org.
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Bibliography 1 Books and Chapters i
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3 Douthwaite, Richard, The Ecology
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5 Henderson, Hazel, Beyond Globaliz
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7 Mitchell, Ralph A., and Shafer, N
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9 Cobb, Clifford, ‘Displacing Bad
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Turnbull, Shann, ‘Why Reducing Ta
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The Guardian (UKbased daily) The
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1 Glossary Barter The direct exchan
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3 shared land ownership. Koha The M
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