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13 acquisitions and the concentration of wealth. • Commercial barter exchange is a relatively new industry that has thrived because computers are now inexpensive and hence commonplace in business. • The WIR 1973 experience (see page 000) was salutary. You can’t have too many interestfree loans or you will flood the market with trade dollars and they will consequently devalue. In turn, this will tempt members into selling them for cash, which is something that needs to be regulated against. • There is always a temptation for participants to use part trade, part cash in transactions. This must be addressed in the rules and strictly enforced. • Those who don’t make and enforce rules bring commercial barter into disrepute. Flybynight exchanges that have not learnt from the past do the industry a disfavour. • Education is needed to help members use the exchange. This must be provided by skilled brokers or account managers who help advertise for new business. • Barter is useful in disposing of distressed goods and is a powerful tool in attracting new business. It uses excess production capacity, including empty restaurant tables, empty hotel and motel rooms, and empty offices. • Full ecommerce facilities must be used, including eftphone swipe capabilities. • There should be a debt reserve fund, sufficient to protect the integrity of the exchange. • A barter exchange is really just like a bank holding the credit and debit balances of its members. It is a businesstobusiness marketplace. • Commercial barter exchanges, unlike green dollar exchanges, aim to have a balanced mix of businesses with not too many participants in any one category. • Members of barter exchanges pay income tax and GST just like any other business. • Members shouldn’t carry out more than 10–15 per cent of their business in barter. Notes 1 Denis Orme, White paper #27 denis.orme@bartercard.co.nz. Barter transactions provide growth opportunities for your clients. [???Author to clarify] 2 Tim Hyland, ‘Bartering Back Thanks to Tried and True Tactics’, News Journal, 15 August 2004, accessible at www.bniusa.com/release081504.html. 3 Tony Dowse, Bartercard New Zealand, in an email to the author, 20 October 2004. 4 See in particular Richard Douthwaite, Short Circuit: Strengthening Local Economies for Security in an Unstable World, Totnes: Green Books and Dublin: Lilliput Press, 1996, and Richard Douthwaite and Dan Wagman, Barataria: A Community Exchange Network for the Third System, Utrecht: Strohalm, 1999. 5 Thomas Greco, tr., ’60 Years of the WIR Economic Circle Cooperative: Origins and
14 Ideology of the Wirtshaftsring’, accessible at www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/avian/wir.html, translated from an original article by Heidi Defila, WIR Magazin, September 1994. 6 Ezio Valentini, ‘Switzerland’s WIR System and Barter Worldwide: The History of Barter’, www.appropriateeconomics.org/materials/wir_and_barter.pdf. 7 Douthwaite, Short Circuit, p100. 8 Short CircuitSee www.mondex.com. 9 Douthwaite, Richard and Wagman, Dan Barataria .1999 10 Richard D, The Ecology<strong>Money</strong>, Scuer Briefing No. 4, Totnes: Green Books, on behalf of the E. F. Schumacher Society, 1999. 11 The Dominion, details t.c. 12 www.itex.com. 13 Ross Vessey, in a telephone interview with the author, 1999. 14 Ibid. 15 www.ubarter.com. 16 Source t.c. 17 Ian Jones, in an interview with the author, March 2000. All subsequent quotes from Ian Jones are taken from this source. 18 Roy Netzer, in an interview with the author, [date?]. All subsequent quotes from Roy Netzer are taken from this source. 19 Alvin Ralph, in a telephone interview with the author, 2000. 20 Tony Rowse, Bartercard New Zealand, in an email to the author, 20 October 2004. 21 Ibid. 22 The www.ebbx.com website showscontains 380 pages of rules, including a section relating to 100% per cent trade deals. 23 Lyndsay Welsh, in an interwith the auhor, 14 May 2002. All subsequent quotes from LyndsayWelsh are taken from this source. 24 The information in this section was derived from Douthwaite, The Ecology of <strong>Money</strong>. 22 Email from Richard Douthwaite to the author, 10/11/ November 2003.
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Healthy Money Healthy Planet by Dei
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2 During the 1960s I listened on th
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4 money. Richard’s enthusiasm for
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6 must first be complemented by mon
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6 For over a decade, Japan struggle
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8 interestbearing money creation.
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10 provides a benefit for seller an
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2 After that, it didn’t take long
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4 Bank B. This is called a ‘depos
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6 Second comes the bit where banker
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8 debt, hence the collective debt c
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10 simply unsustainable in a finite
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12 pieces of paper grant the bearer
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14 master of all industry and comme
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16 Money Supply 1935 - 2000 120000
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18 commercial banks and is lent int
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2 And nor are things getting any be
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4 international trade in currencies
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6 The data on New Zealand mortgage
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8 The scheme has had unintended soc
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10 Household loans (1978-2000) 90 8
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12 City Council in mid2000 review
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14 Similarly, mortgages are classif
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16 And it is not just bank assets t
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18 Keeping the Secret But surely if
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20 Deputy Prime Minister. I asked h
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22 Individuals have to compete with
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24 instability. This speculation is
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51 cared for. The cancerous parts o
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53 constraints. What we need are so
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55 accelerating. Eighty per cent of
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57 waters to draw down. They also s
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59 As far back as 1987, a UN World
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61 The State of New Zealand Since 1
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63 Health and Disability Like other
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65 Low skilled jobs have largely di
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67 • One in two people in Ireland
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1 4 Unhealthy Globalisation The Sir
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3 Although the process of corporate
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5 globalisation is transnational ca
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7 Many others have spoken of invisi
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9 currencies to the US dollar. The
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11 policies of these nations in ret
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13 000). Round Tables The original
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15 annual meeting in the small ski
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17 When an enemy is powerful and ce
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19 In January 2001, protesters demo
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Martin Khor, Direitn 21
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78 Every day we hear politicians, c
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80 not return to the depression of
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82 billion, equivalent to 39 per ce
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84 which in turn rests on nature it
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86 increase. And when jobs are crea
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88 rather than adding them to the w
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90 achieved very different levels o
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92 placed at the top of the lists.
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88 6 Facing the Critics Through the
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90 the interestbased system, the
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92 good or fair or sustainable. An
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94 Certainly there are other ways o
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96 landlord who charges you rent al
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98 believe that credit to be valuab
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100 If interest rates were zero the
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102 It is quite fair that banks sho
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2 free money before, as we shall se
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4 In precolonial times, Maori tri
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6 In Maori tribes, the gift society
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9 What Gives Money its Value? To he
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11 accept money as payment, we unco
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13 goes still further and calls mon
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15 Spanish and Dutch coins from ove
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17 claimed that the UK’s financia
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19 Today, the Reserve Bank retains
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2 living systems. Finally, it discu
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4 If our species is to survive, a n
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6 with its own currencies, the patt
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8 While it is possible for each tea
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10 addiction, chronic illness and i
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12 4. Human economies can and shoul
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14 furniture transported at great c
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16 down and money has been moved ar
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18 areas? Is there a continuing dyn
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Some estimate the costs of traffic
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22 be a tension between the two. Th
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24 democracy at the local governmen
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26 as the individual organs of the
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2 The democratisation of national c
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Page 184 and 185: 10 In addition, by focusing on loca
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Page 188 and 189: 2 Michael Linton, David Weston and
Page 190 and 191: 4 could. He described them as ‘a
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Page 196 and 197: 10 forms. In version 1, operating u
Page 198 and 199: 12 All the following examples of co
Page 200 and 201: 14 sent a researcher to check the w
Page 202 and 203: 16 Salt Spring Island Dollars Salt
Page 204 and 205: 18 British Columbia Financial Insti
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Page 210 and 211: 24 The city solicitor put the bigge
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Page 241 and 242: 265 Saving will become impossible.
Page 243 and 244: 267 law professor in Italy. Profess
Page 245 and 246: 269 The Chiemgauer 21 In early 2002
Page 247 and 248: 271 Currency to Support Waldorf Sch
Page 249 and 250: 20 It started in 1989 when Frank To
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Page 253 and 254: 24 The Note Corporation itself then
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Page 261 and 262: 6 • The demurrage charge would re
Page 263 and 264: 1 15 Lessons Learnt From Currencies
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17 example (see page 000), the demu
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19 trading. We therefore need decen
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21 If citizens decide to build a se
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23 In Even if the Reserve Bank deci
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25 possibilities for reforming our
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27 1905. 2 Michael Reddell of the R
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2 Taxation Policies Before I discus
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4 But, like other assets, realest
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6 Most taxes fall on work. It makes
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8 slows down the increasing gap bet
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10 Bob Keall has also proposed taxe
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12 ways of avoiding paying tax. Tax
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14 Ltd, 1879. 3 Henry George, Socia
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2 of reserves, a single exchange ra
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4 revealed to show that they wanted
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6 Countries using the Australian do
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8 3 Helen Clark in an interview on
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2 community projects can be funded.
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4 feeling that the banks were not t
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6 terminals per 100,000 people, com
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8 to lend to groups rather than ind
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10 Islamic Banks Banks run along st
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12 decided to create an entirely ne
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14 Attempts to Start New Banks In 1
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16 During the local body election c
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18 Zealand Post was that there was
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20 Problem numbertwo — fees going
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22 Other microcredit schemes. A goo
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24 now operates are the Cooperati
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26 They donManchester Unity does no
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28 The Wellington Women’s Loan Fu
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30 The Future of Community Banking
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32 8 Quoted in ‘Banks Profit Exce
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34 45 Details of Consumers’ Insti
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2 created when commercial banks iss
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4 Fund (IMF) protect global corpora
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6 economic thinking and taxation sy
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8 It is not easy to start again and
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10 rest of the world, a US deficit
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12 competitive when the money syste
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14 environmentally friendly longt
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16 practitioners know a great deal
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18 moneycreation regime will natu
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20 international currencies. Some o
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22 and James Garfield have struggle
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24 away and the scientific programm
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26 Sources of Hope There are ground
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28 beneficial effects. Indigenous i
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30 taught me that some staff are re
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32 New Zealand’s isolation, humil
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34 • Visit Bali or Japan or any o
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36 Although such a system will not
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1 Ralph Chaplin Bars and Shadows. 2
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and narrated by Bill Still, and ava
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11 Lietaer, The Future of Money, p3
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37 Allison Stinson, ‘Developments
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4 Roy Madron and John Jopling, Gaia
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25 Viviane Forrester, The Economic
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2 Michael Rowbotham, The Grip of De
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25 Text of the Genoa G8 Summit, acc
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18 The Independent, 21 July 1999. 1
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14 Wolfgang Rosenberg, Money in New
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6 Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A
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11 Bernard Lietaer, ‘The Future o
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39 1.1 Warehouse receipts. (The fin
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41 2.3 By a commercial company, sma
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43 Summary of Complementary Currenc
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45 000) volunteers. Credits are put
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47 the currency generating enthusia
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140 Appendix 2: Useful Websites Gen
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142 writings of evolutionary biolog
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144 Green Dollars/LETS www.appropri
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146 www.earthsharing.org.au An Aust
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148 Email: bryank@earthsharing.org.
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Bibliography 1 Books and Chapters i
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3 Douthwaite, Richard, The Ecology
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5 Henderson, Hazel, Beyond Globaliz
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7 Mitchell, Ralph A., and Shafer, N
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9 Cobb, Clifford, ‘Displacing Bad
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Turnbull, Shann, ‘Why Reducing Ta
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The Guardian (UKbased daily) The
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1 Glossary Barter The direct exchan
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3 shared land ownership. Koha The M
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