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26 In the next chapter on commercial barter we will see a contrast with the more informal green dollar systems discussed here. Notes 1 Deepak Chopra, The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success: A Practical Guide to the Fulfillment of Your Dreams, San Rafael, California: AmberAllen Publishing and New World Library, 1994, Chapter 2, accessible at www.racingmaster.com/law_of_giving.htm. 2 Bernard Lietaer, ‘Community Currencies: A New Tool for the 21st Century’, www.transaction.net/money/cc/cc06.html. 3 Mark Jackson, ‘Helping Ourselves: New Zealand’s Green Dollar Exchanges’, unpublished paper funded and held by the ANZAC Fellowship Scheme, Wellington, 1995, available from the paper’s author at markj@redgum.bendigo.latrobe.edu.au. 4 Norm Harris, coordinator of Wellington Green Dollars, in a telephone interview with the author, August 2001. 5 G$ Quarterly, 43, October 2000, p15. 6 Jackson, ‘Helping Ourselves’. 7 Paul Ketko, ‘From Promotion to Comotion: An Examination of Local Employment Trading Systems (LETS) in Pursuit of a Viable Contribution to the Future of Community in New Zealand’, submitted in partial fulfilment of a masters degree in development studies, Victoria University of Wellington, March 1998. 8 Richard Douthwaite and Dan Wagman, Barataria: A Community Exchange Network for the Third System, Utrecht: Strohalm, 1999. 9 Maureen Mallinson, [article title?], G$ Quarterly, [issue no?], [month?] 1999. 10 Douthwaite and Wagman, Barataria. 11 Ibid. 12 Letter from Alan Nixon, Department of Social Welfare, to Bryan Duxfield, coordinator of a committee set up by the Green Dollar Exchanges Conference, 15 November 1995. 13 Bryan Duxfield in an email to the author, 30 September 2004. 14 Email from Helen Dew to Bernard Lietaer, 1 September 2004. 15 Speech by Professor Edgar Cahn and Tony Gibson to the UK LETS Link Conference, 15 October 1997, accessible at www.letslinkuk.net/papers/199710timeascurrency.htm. 16 Edgar Cahn, ‘The Coproduction Principle’, www.timedollar.org/documents/Co ProductionPrinciple.pdf, p10. 17 www.morethanmoney.org/articles/mtm37_main.ht. 18 www.fairshares.org.uk. 19 Bernard Lietaer, ‘Complementary Currencies in Japan Today: History, Originality and Relevance’, International Journal of Complementary Currency Research, 8, [year?], pp4–5.
27 20 Bernard Lietaer, ‘The Future of Money: From Global to Local’, keynote speech to the UK LETS Link Conference, May 1999, accessible at www.letslinkuk.net/papers/199905 Lietaer.htm. 21 The information in this section has been gathered from a number of sources: emails to the author from Joel Hodroff and Christian Isquidero, October 2004; telephone interviews with Christian Isquidero, 13 October 2004 and 19 October 2004; telephone interview with Joel Hodroff, 19 October 2004; and Christian Isquidero’s Learning to Fly: The Community HeroCard Evaluation Technology Opportunity Program Grant, Hennepin County, Triord Design, March 2004, sent to the author via email. 22 David Boyle, Funny Money: In Search of Alternative Cash, London: Harper Collins, 1999. 23 Source t.c. 24 Source of Glover quote t.c. 25 Funch’s website is www.newciv.org; Glover’s article, ‘Creating Economic Democracy with Local Currencies’, is accessible at www.ratical.org/many_worlds/cc/CED.html. 26 Forbes article(s) details t.c. – authors, titles, dates. 27 Boyle, Funny Money. 28 Susan Witt, ‘Printing Money, Making Change: The Future of Local Currencies’, Orion Afield, Autumn 1998, accessible at www.schumachersociety.org/makingchange.html. 29 Richard Douthwaite, Short Circuit: Strengthening Local Economies for Security in an Unstable World, Totnes: Green Books and Dublin: Lilliput Press, 1996. 30 Boyle, Funny Money. 31 Ibid. 32 Robert L. Frick, ‘Alternative Monetary Systems: The Ithaca HOURs’, Durrell Journal of Money and Banking, 8(2), 1996, pp29–35. 33 Thomas Greco, Money: Understanding and Creating Alternatives to Legal Tender, White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2001, Chapter 17. 34 ‘Local Currency Poised to Spark New Jobs, Business and Vitality’, Toronto Voice, January 1999. 35 Philip Demont, Toronto Post, 25 November 1990, accessible at www.torontodollar.com/media/nationalpost.php. The paper named the Toronto dollar the ‘Mel buck’ after Mayor Mel Lastman, who publicly supported the currency. 36 Frank Touby, Community Bulletin, July 1999, accessible at www.torontodollar.com/media/communitybulletin.php. 37 Ryan James, ‘Money for a Cause’, Toronto Sun, 6 December 1998. 38 Source t.c. 39 Eric Booth in an email to the author, 3 June 2002. 40 www.saltspringdollars.com. 41 Email from the Salt Spring IMF administrator Bob McGinn to the author, 16 November 2003. 42 www.saltspringdollars.com/ssimf_fspdf.pdf.
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Healthy Money Healthy Planet by Dei
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2 During the 1960s I listened on th
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4 money. Richard’s enthusiasm for
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6 must first be complemented by mon
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6 For over a decade, Japan struggle
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8 interestbearing money creation.
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10 provides a benefit for seller an
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2 After that, it didn’t take long
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4 Bank B. This is called a ‘depos
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6 Second comes the bit where banker
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8 debt, hence the collective debt c
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10 simply unsustainable in a finite
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12 pieces of paper grant the bearer
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14 master of all industry and comme
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16 Money Supply 1935 - 2000 120000
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18 commercial banks and is lent int
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2 And nor are things getting any be
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4 international trade in currencies
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6 The data on New Zealand mortgage
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8 The scheme has had unintended soc
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10 Household loans (1978-2000) 90 8
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12 City Council in mid2000 review
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14 Similarly, mortgages are classif
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16 And it is not just bank assets t
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18 Keeping the Secret But surely if
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20 Deputy Prime Minister. I asked h
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22 Individuals have to compete with
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24 instability. This speculation is
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51 cared for. The cancerous parts o
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53 constraints. What we need are so
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55 accelerating. Eighty per cent of
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57 waters to draw down. They also s
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59 As far back as 1987, a UN World
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61 The State of New Zealand Since 1
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63 Health and Disability Like other
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65 Low skilled jobs have largely di
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67 • One in two people in Ireland
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1 4 Unhealthy Globalisation The Sir
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3 Although the process of corporate
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5 globalisation is transnational ca
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7 Many others have spoken of invisi
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9 currencies to the US dollar. The
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11 policies of these nations in ret
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13 000). Round Tables The original
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15 annual meeting in the small ski
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17 When an enemy is powerful and ce
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19 In January 2001, protesters demo
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Martin Khor, Direitn 21
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78 Every day we hear politicians, c
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80 not return to the depression of
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82 billion, equivalent to 39 per ce
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84 which in turn rests on nature it
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86 increase. And when jobs are crea
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88 rather than adding them to the w
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90 achieved very different levels o
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92 placed at the top of the lists.
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88 6 Facing the Critics Through the
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90 the interestbased system, the
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92 good or fair or sustainable. An
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94 Certainly there are other ways o
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96 landlord who charges you rent al
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98 believe that credit to be valuab
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100 If interest rates were zero the
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102 It is quite fair that banks sho
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2 free money before, as we shall se
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4 In precolonial times, Maori tri
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6 In Maori tribes, the gift society
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9 What Gives Money its Value? To he
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11 accept money as payment, we unco
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13 goes still further and calls mon
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15 Spanish and Dutch coins from ove
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17 claimed that the UK’s financia
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19 Today, the Reserve Bank retains
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2 living systems. Finally, it discu
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4 If our species is to survive, a n
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6 with its own currencies, the patt
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8 While it is possible for each tea
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10 addiction, chronic illness and i
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12 4. Human economies can and shoul
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Page 170 and 171: 22 be a tension between the two. Th
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Page 176 and 177: 2 The democratisation of national c
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Page 188 and 189: 2 Michael Linton, David Weston and
Page 190 and 191: 4 could. He described them as ‘a
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Page 202 and 203: 16 Salt Spring Island Dollars Salt
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Page 243 and 244: 267 law professor in Italy. Profess
Page 245 and 246: 269 The Chiemgauer 21 In early 2002
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1 15 Lessons Learnt From Currencies
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3 Regardless of whether the transac
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5 payment of taxes. When the mayor
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7 within that global economy we mus
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9 Money can also be spent into exis
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11 Huber and James Robertson, 6 it
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13 apparently no one spread rumours
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15 One of the weaknesses of local c
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17 example (see page 000), the demu
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19 trading. We therefore need decen
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21 If citizens decide to build a se
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23 In Even if the Reserve Bank deci
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25 possibilities for reforming our
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27 1905. 2 Michael Reddell of the R
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2 Taxation Policies Before I discus
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4 But, like other assets, realest
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6 Most taxes fall on work. It makes
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8 slows down the increasing gap bet
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10 Bob Keall has also proposed taxe
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12 ways of avoiding paying tax. Tax
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14 Ltd, 1879. 3 Henry George, Socia
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2 of reserves, a single exchange ra
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4 revealed to show that they wanted
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6 Countries using the Australian do
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8 3 Helen Clark in an interview on
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2 community projects can be funded.
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4 feeling that the banks were not t
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6 terminals per 100,000 people, com
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8 to lend to groups rather than ind
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10 Islamic Banks Banks run along st
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12 decided to create an entirely ne
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14 Attempts to Start New Banks In 1
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16 During the local body election c
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18 Zealand Post was that there was
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20 Problem numbertwo — fees going
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22 Other microcredit schemes. A goo
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24 now operates are the Cooperati
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26 They donManchester Unity does no
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28 The Wellington Women’s Loan Fu
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30 The Future of Community Banking
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32 8 Quoted in ‘Banks Profit Exce
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34 45 Details of Consumers’ Insti
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2 created when commercial banks iss
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4 Fund (IMF) protect global corpora
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6 economic thinking and taxation sy
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8 It is not easy to start again and
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10 rest of the world, a US deficit
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12 competitive when the money syste
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14 environmentally friendly longt
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16 practitioners know a great deal
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18 moneycreation regime will natu
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20 international currencies. Some o
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22 and James Garfield have struggle
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24 away and the scientific programm
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26 Sources of Hope There are ground
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28 beneficial effects. Indigenous i
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30 taught me that some staff are re
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32 New Zealand’s isolation, humil
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34 • Visit Bali or Japan or any o
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36 Although such a system will not
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1 Ralph Chaplin Bars and Shadows. 2
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and narrated by Bill Still, and ava
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11 Lietaer, The Future of Money, p3
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37 Allison Stinson, ‘Developments
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4 Roy Madron and John Jopling, Gaia
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25 Viviane Forrester, The Economic
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2 Michael Rowbotham, The Grip of De
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25 Text of the Genoa G8 Summit, acc
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18 The Independent, 21 July 1999. 1
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14 Wolfgang Rosenberg, Money in New
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6 Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A
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11 Bernard Lietaer, ‘The Future o
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39 1.1 Warehouse receipts. (The fin
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41 2.3 By a commercial company, sma
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43 Summary of Complementary Currenc
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45 000) volunteers. Credits are put
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47 the currency generating enthusia
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140 Appendix 2: Useful Websites Gen
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142 writings of evolutionary biolog
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144 Green Dollars/LETS www.appropri
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146 www.earthsharing.org.au An Aust
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148 Email: bryank@earthsharing.org.
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Bibliography 1 Books and Chapters i
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3 Douthwaite, Richard, The Ecology
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5 Henderson, Hazel, Beyond Globaliz
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7 Mitchell, Ralph A., and Shafer, N
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9 Cobb, Clifford, ‘Displacing Bad
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Turnbull, Shann, ‘Why Reducing Ta
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The Guardian (UKbased daily) The
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1 Glossary Barter The direct exchan
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3 shared land ownership. Koha The M
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