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6 with its own currencies, the patterns holding that culture together are seriously damaged. Hallmarks of Simple Holarchies A simple example of a holarchy is a couple. Each person is whole and complete, and so is the couple; there are therefore three holons in this twolevel holarchy. The individuals are embedded in the partnership, but the partnership is not superior to either of the individuals. The couple will thrive if the selfinterest of each of the three holons is negotiated with the other two holons. Expanding on this slightly, let us look at the workings of a team in order to discover some essential characteristics of a holarchy. What makes a healthy team? Boundaries It must be clear who is in the team and who is not; there are clear boundaries for membership, rules for joining and rules for leaving. The borders are managed to protect the team’s integrity and to preserve the team’s unique pattern of relationships. Cooperation supplements competition Members, while competing with each other for recognition and success, also cover for each other in sickness or absence. They pull each other up when they fall over or get downhearted, and they <strong>coop</strong>erate so that each can take time out for refreshment without affecting the functioning of the team. The strengths of experienced team members can enliven the less experienced. Although team members are in healthy competition with one another for excellence and satisfaction, gossip and blame are absent and trust and possibility are present.
7 Diversity and coordination of parts Wellfunctioning teams employ the special strengths of each member for the benefits of the whole. By using the specialist skills of each member, their team operates together in what seems like an effortless, wellcoordinated dance. Continuous selforganisation and response to stress or change Even a great team seldom operates with all parts functioning optimally. There is usually some imbalance where growth and change can occur – that is what makes a team such a dynamic entity. Each member of the team needs to learn to be a leader and a follower. When something is not working well, a good team will change and adapt quickly, always maintaining continuous communication. It therefore becomes a selforganising system. While each team can and should display opposite traits of selfishness and altruism, cruelty and compassion, suspicion and trust, the feedback loops and constant readjustments keep the system in sufficient tension to be balanced and selforganising. Awareness of the whole Teams work best when each member has a deep awareness of the whole and a commitment to its integrity. No matter who is the designated leader, each member is accountable for the team’s results. To retain integrity, the group must impose sanctions. If one member wrecks the group’s reputation, breaks the rules or causes unbearable friction, the team soon acts to bring that member into line. Members are rigorous with each other, holding one another to account so that the team can perform at its best. Economy of effort, recycling of resources
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Healthy Money Healthy Planet by Dei
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2 During the 1960s I listened on th
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4 money. Richard’s enthusiasm for
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6 must first be complemented by mon
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6 For over a decade, Japan struggle
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8 interestbearing money creation.
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10 provides a benefit for seller an
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2 After that, it didn’t take long
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4 Bank B. This is called a ‘depos
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6 Second comes the bit where banker
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8 debt, hence the collective debt c
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10 simply unsustainable in a finite
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12 pieces of paper grant the bearer
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14 master of all industry and comme
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16 Money Supply 1935 - 2000 120000
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18 commercial banks and is lent int
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2 And nor are things getting any be
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4 international trade in currencies
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6 The data on New Zealand mortgage
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8 The scheme has had unintended soc
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10 Household loans (1978-2000) 90 8
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12 City Council in mid2000 review
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14 Similarly, mortgages are classif
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16 And it is not just bank assets t
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18 Keeping the Secret But surely if
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20 Deputy Prime Minister. I asked h
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22 Individuals have to compete with
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24 instability. This speculation is
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51 cared for. The cancerous parts o
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53 constraints. What we need are so
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55 accelerating. Eighty per cent of
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57 waters to draw down. They also s
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59 As far back as 1987, a UN World
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61 The State of New Zealand Since 1
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63 Health and Disability Like other
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65 Low skilled jobs have largely di
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67 • One in two people in Ireland
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1 4 Unhealthy Globalisation The Sir
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3 Although the process of corporate
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5 globalisation is transnational ca
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7 Many others have spoken of invisi
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9 currencies to the US dollar. The
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11 policies of these nations in ret
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13 000). Round Tables The original
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15 annual meeting in the small ski
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17 When an enemy is powerful and ce
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19 In January 2001, protesters demo
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Martin Khor, Direitn 21
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78 Every day we hear politicians, c
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80 not return to the depression of
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Page 105 and 106: 84 which in turn rests on nature it
Page 107 and 108: 86 increase. And when jobs are crea
Page 109 and 110: 88 rather than adding them to the w
Page 111 and 112: 90 achieved very different levels o
Page 113 and 114: 92 placed at the top of the lists.
Page 115 and 116: 88 6 Facing the Critics Through the
Page 117 and 118: 90 the interestbased system, the
Page 119 and 120: 92 good or fair or sustainable. An
Page 121 and 122: 94 Certainly there are other ways o
Page 123 and 124: 96 landlord who charges you rent al
Page 125 and 126: 98 believe that credit to be valuab
Page 127 and 128: 100 If interest rates were zero the
Page 129 and 130: 102 It is quite fair that banks sho
Page 131 and 132: 2 free money before, as we shall se
Page 133 and 134: 4 In precolonial times, Maori tri
Page 135 and 136: 6 In Maori tribes, the gift society
Page 138 and 139: 9 What Gives Money its Value? To he
Page 140 and 141: 11 accept money as payment, we unco
Page 142 and 143: 13 goes still further and calls mon
Page 144 and 145: 15 Spanish and Dutch coins from ove
Page 146 and 147: 17 claimed that the UK’s financia
Page 148 and 149: 19 Today, the Reserve Bank retains
Page 150 and 151: 2 living systems. Finally, it discu
Page 152 and 153: 4 If our species is to survive, a n
Page 156 and 157: 8 While it is possible for each tea
Page 158 and 159: 10 addiction, chronic illness and i
Page 160 and 161: 12 4. Human economies can and shoul
Page 162 and 163: 14 furniture transported at great c
Page 164 and 165: 16 down and money has been moved ar
Page 166 and 167: 18 areas? Is there a continuing dyn
Page 168 and 169: Some estimate the costs of traffic
Page 170 and 171: 22 be a tension between the two. Th
Page 172 and 173: 24 democracy at the local governmen
Page 174 and 175: 26 as the individual organs of the
Page 176 and 177: 2 The democratisation of national c
Page 178 and 179: 4 her children who were fed by its
Page 180 and 181: 6 happened - the imposition of a co
Page 182 and 183: 8 existed and thrived for thousands
Page 184 and 185: 10 In addition, by focusing on loca
Page 186 and 187: 12 there is no hierarchy. As we saw
Page 188 and 189: 2 Michael Linton, David Weston and
Page 190 and 191: 4 could. He described them as ‘a
Page 192 and 193: 6 resorts may find themselves amass
Page 194 and 195: 8 problems. Since then, the system
Page 196 and 197: 10 forms. In version 1, operating u
Page 198 and 199: 12 All the following examples of co
Page 200 and 201: 14 sent a researcher to check the w
Page 202 and 203: 16 Salt Spring Island Dollars Salt
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18 British Columbia Financial Insti
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20 partnership. This trend has spre
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22 traditional rice planting and ha
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24 The city solicitor put the bigge
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26 In the next chapter on commercia
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28 43 Email from Eric Booth to Cal
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2 Enz, who were supporters of the f
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4 As with WIR, businesses are regis
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6 A significant innovation in New Z
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8 granting temporary credit where t
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10 requiring transactions to be 100
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12 participants of the scheme were
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14 Ideology of the Wirtshaftsring
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255 are already in possession of it
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257 that all hoards of money would
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259 sophisticated that Egypt became
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261 Austria, for a period of 14 mon
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263 US$260 million worth of work in
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265 Saving will become impossible.
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267 law professor in Italy. Profess
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269 The Chiemgauer 21 In early 2002
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271 Currency to Support Waldorf Sch
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20 It started in 1989 when Frank To
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22 Privately Issued Fiat Currencies
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24 The Note Corporation itself then
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26 andahalf years, A$3.5 millio
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2 of agricultural and mining produc
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4 such resource as fossil fuel, sin
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6 • The demurrage charge would re
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1 15 Lessons Learnt From Currencies
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3 Regardless of whether the transac
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5 payment of taxes. When the mayor
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7 within that global economy we mus
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9 Money can also be spent into exis
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11 Huber and James Robertson, 6 it
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13 apparently no one spread rumours
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15 One of the weaknesses of local c
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17 example (see page 000), the demu
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19 trading. We therefore need decen
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21 If citizens decide to build a se
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23 In Even if the Reserve Bank deci
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25 possibilities for reforming our
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27 1905. 2 Michael Reddell of the R
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2 Taxation Policies Before I discus
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4 But, like other assets, realest
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6 Most taxes fall on work. It makes
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8 slows down the increasing gap bet
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10 Bob Keall has also proposed taxe
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12 ways of avoiding paying tax. Tax
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14 Ltd, 1879. 3 Henry George, Socia
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2 of reserves, a single exchange ra
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4 revealed to show that they wanted
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6 Countries using the Australian do
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8 3 Helen Clark in an interview on
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2 community projects can be funded.
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4 feeling that the banks were not t
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6 terminals per 100,000 people, com
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8 to lend to groups rather than ind
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10 Islamic Banks Banks run along st
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12 decided to create an entirely ne
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14 Attempts to Start New Banks In 1
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16 During the local body election c
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18 Zealand Post was that there was
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20 Problem numbertwo — fees going
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22 Other microcredit schemes. A goo
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24 now operates are the Cooperati
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26 They donManchester Unity does no
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28 The Wellington Women’s Loan Fu
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30 The Future of Community Banking
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32 8 Quoted in ‘Banks Profit Exce
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34 45 Details of Consumers’ Insti
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2 created when commercial banks iss
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4 Fund (IMF) protect global corpora
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6 economic thinking and taxation sy
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8 It is not easy to start again and
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10 rest of the world, a US deficit
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12 competitive when the money syste
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14 environmentally friendly longt
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16 practitioners know a great deal
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18 moneycreation regime will natu
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20 international currencies. Some o
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22 and James Garfield have struggle
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24 away and the scientific programm
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26 Sources of Hope There are ground
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28 beneficial effects. Indigenous i
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30 taught me that some staff are re
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32 New Zealand’s isolation, humil
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34 • Visit Bali or Japan or any o
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36 Although such a system will not
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1 Ralph Chaplin Bars and Shadows. 2
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and narrated by Bill Still, and ava
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11 Lietaer, The Future of Money, p3
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37 Allison Stinson, ‘Developments
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4 Roy Madron and John Jopling, Gaia
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25 Viviane Forrester, The Economic
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2 Michael Rowbotham, The Grip of De
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25 Text of the Genoa G8 Summit, acc
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18 The Independent, 21 July 1999. 1
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14 Wolfgang Rosenberg, Money in New
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6 Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A
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11 Bernard Lietaer, ‘The Future o
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39 1.1 Warehouse receipts. (The fin
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41 2.3 By a commercial company, sma
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43 Summary of Complementary Currenc
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45 000) volunteers. Credits are put
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47 the currency generating enthusia
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140 Appendix 2: Useful Websites Gen
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142 writings of evolutionary biolog
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144 Green Dollars/LETS www.appropri
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146 www.earthsharing.org.au An Aust
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148 Email: bryank@earthsharing.org.
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Bibliography 1 Books and Chapters i
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3 Douthwaite, Richard, The Ecology
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5 Henderson, Hazel, Beyond Globaliz
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7 Mitchell, Ralph A., and Shafer, N
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9 Cobb, Clifford, ‘Displacing Bad
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Turnbull, Shann, ‘Why Reducing Ta
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The Guardian (UKbased daily) The
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1 Glossary Barter The direct exchan
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3 shared land ownership. Koha The M
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