1 Practice Multiple Choice: Chapter 3 Answers appear at the bottom ...

Practice Multiple Choice: Chapter 3
Answers appear at the bottom of the page.
Chapter 3
1) Your boss is always cranky. You
assume this is because she is an
unhappy person. What type of
attribution are you making to
explain her behavior?
A. motivational
B. dispositional
C. situational
D. illusory
2) According to the attribution
theorist Kelley we use three
types of information to make
attributions for other people’s
behavior. Identify the type of
information in this example.
Misha is struggling with her
computer. She is asked if she has
difficulty using other computers
on campus. The answer to this
question provides information
about
A. consistency.
B. distinctiveness.
C. character.
D. consensus.
3) Misha is struggling with her
computer. She is asked if she
usually encounters difficulty
when using her computer. The
answer to this question provides
information about
A. consistency.
B. distinctiveness.
C. character.
D. consensus.
4) The tendency for observers to
underestimate situational influences
and overestimate dispositional
influences on other people’s
behavior is called the
A. false consensus bias.
B. misinformation effect.
C. fundamental attribution
error.
D. dispositional bias.
5) Researchers randomly assigned
participants to play the part of
either a quiz game contestant or
the host (who asked questions),
while other participants merely
observed the game. Results
indicated that
A. both contestants and
observers thought the hosts
were more knowledgeable
than the contestants.
B. both contestants and
observers thought the
contestants were more
knowledgeable than the
hosts.
C. observers thought the hosts
were more knowledgeable,
but contestants attributed the
outcomes to the situation.
D. hosts thought themselves
more knowledgeable, but
contestants attributed the
outcomes to the situation.
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6) We tend to underestimate the
situational determinants of
others’ behavior but not our own
because we observe others from
a different perspective than we
observe ourselves. This is known
as the
A. camera perspective bias.
B. changing perspectives trend.
C. self-awareness phenomenon.
D. actor-observer difference.
7) Bergh, Chen & Burrows found
that whether participants were
rude or polite depended on what
type of words they had
unscrambled previously. This
priming study illustrates what
principle?
A. The fundamental attribution
error
B. How our behavior can be
affected by situational factors
even though we may not be
aware of the effect.
C. Personality is the primary
determinant of social
behavior.
D. Social intuition is almost
always accurate.
8) One reason that people tend to
be overconfident is:
A. They’ve been encouraged to
have high self-esteem
B. They aren’t exposed to
criticism.
C. They are not aware of gaps
in their knowledge or skill
D. They see other people make
the same sort of mistakes
9) People in Western cultures are
more inclined to assume that
others’ behaviors
A. do not cause events.
B. are caused by the situation.
C. do not reflect inner traits.
D. reflect inner traits.
10) Sharon typically watches
televised news stations that
support her existing political
beliefs. She is less inclined to
watch the news on other stations,
as it may disprove her
preconceptions. Sharon’s
approach illustrates the
A. confirmation bias.
B. misinformation effect.
C. base-rate fallacy.
D. I-knew-it-all-along
phenomenon.
11) Which of the following is a
thinking strategy that enables
quick, efficient judgments?
A. an implicit attitude
B. an explicit attitude
C. a heuristic
D. a confirmation bias
12) On the first day of class, we see
a middle-aged man at the front of
the room, talking to a younger
man. If we assume the older man
is the professor and the younger
man is the student, we are relying
on what heuristic?
A. availability
B. representativeness
C. vividness
D. matching
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13) Assuming most crimes involve
violence because the news
generally reports on rapes,
robberies and beatings is an
example of the _______
heuristic.
A. matching
B. representativeness
C. vividness
D. availability
14) The perception of a relationship
where none actually exists, or the
perception of a stronger
relationship than actually exists,
is called
A. a representative heuristic.
B. an availability heuristic.
C. an illusory correlation.
D. the overconfidence
phenomenon.
15) Researchers (Snyder, Tanke, &
Berscheid) had male students
speak by telephone with women
they thought were either
attractive or unattractive. This
information affected the way
men spoke to the women. When
judges later analyzed the
women’s comments, they found
that the
D. women thought to be
unattractive spoke more
slowly and deliberately.
16) You enter a party thinking that the
people there will be friendly to a
newcomer. Thus, you approach several
people and start conversations with
them. They are indeed friendly to you.
This phenomenon where your
expectations affect your behavior and in
turn affect the behaviors of others is
called:
A. correspondence
B. fundamental attribution
C. self-fulfilling prophecy
D. actor-observer difference
17. Jones’ theory of correspondent
inference says that some behaviors
are more informative or diagnostic
than others. The most informative
behaviors are:
A. Consistent, distinctive, and have
high consensus
B. Automatic, controlled, and
representative
C. Confirmed, available, and
confident
D. Freely chosen, unexpected, and
have noncommon effects
A. women thought to be
attractive spoke more warmly
than the other women.
B. women thought to be
unattractive tried harder to be
likable and stimulated better
conversation.
C. women thought to be
attractive spoke in a more
aloof and superior manner.
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18. In his explanation of the
fundamental attribution error, Gilbert
argues that attribution is a two step
process. The reason we often make
the fundamental attribution error is
because:
A. We are so focused on ourselves
that we fail to notice factors that
may influence other people’s
behavior.
B. Making dispositional attributions
is automatic, but incorporating
information about situational
influence takes time and effort.
C. We make judgments based on
stereotypes and the see
information that confirms our
beliefs.
D. Being raised in a collectivist
society affects how we perceive
others.
19. You observe two young women in
class. One wears casual but,
fashionable clothes similar to what
many other students wear, whereas
the second dresses more formally
for class. According to
correspondent inference theory of
attribution, which of the
following is true?
A. You are more likely to assume
the first woman’s choice of
clothes reveals her personality
because she is conforming to
social norms of dress.
B. Both women are free to choose
whatever they wear to class, so
you think their dressing styles are
equally reflective of their
personalities.
C. You are more likely to assume
the second woman’s choice of
clothes reveals her personality
because she is not following
social norms of dress, thus her
style is more unexpected.
D. There are more positive
consequences of the second
woman’s style of dress, e.g.,
professor will take her more
seriously, so you assume the
woman has been rewarded for
dressing that way.
20) “Implicit” thinking that is
effortless, habitual and without
awareness is called
A. controlled processing.
B. intentional processing.
C. internal processing.
D. automatic processing.
1. B 11. C
1. B 12. B
3. A 13. D
4. C 14. C
5. A 15. A
6. D 16. C
7. B 17. D
8. C 18. B
9. D 19. C
10. A 20. D
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