the problematics of motherhood in twentieth century women's fiction

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Nelson, Hilde Lindemann h Nelson, James Lindemann 1989: "Cutting Motherhood in Two : Some Suspicious Concerning Surrogacy". Hypatia. 4(3), pp.85-94. Nicholson, Colin (ed) 1990: Critical Approaches to the Piction of XargarOt Laurence. Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press. Oakley, Ann 1976: Woman's work : The housewife, past and present. New York : Random. Peterson, Elizabeth A. 1992: African-American Wmen : A Study of Will and Succaas Jefferson . McFarland & Co. Peyser, Thomas Galt 1992: "Reproducing Utopla : Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Herland". . Studies in American Fiction. 20(1), pp.1-16. Plckerlng, Jean 1990 Understanding Doris Lessing. Columbla: Unlverslty of South Carollna Press. Prasad, Madhusudan 1984. Perspectives on Kamala Harkandaya. Ghazlabad : Vimal Prakashan Rich, Adrienne 1976. Of Woman Born : Motherhood Experience and Institution New York Norton. as Rignej, Barbara Hlll 1978 Madness and Sexual Politics in the feminist novel: Studies in Bronte, Woolf, Lessing and Atwood. Madison : Unlverslty of Wlsconsln Press. ---.--.----- 1990 The Voices of Toni Morrison. Columbla Ohlo State Unlversity Press. Robson, Ruthann 1992. "Mother : The Legal Domestlcatlon of Lesbian Existence" Rypstia. 7(4), pp.172-185. Rosslter, Amy 1988: Prom Private to Public : A Feminist Exploration of Early Mothering. Toronto : The Women's Press.
Rumsey, Jean P. 1990: "Constructing Maternal Thrnking". Eypatia. 5 (3) . Ruthven, K.K. 1984. Feminist Literary Studies. Cambridge. Cambridge Unrversity Press. Salat, M.F. 1992 "Dehumanization of the Male : A Note on Margaret Laurence's Fiction" Meerut Journal of Comparative Literature md Language. V(11, pp.58-65. Samuels, Wilfred D and Hudson-Weems, Clenora 1990: Toni Morrison Boston : Twayne Publishers Sangari, Kumkum 1983: "The Politics of Utopia Charlotte Perkrns Gllman's Herland" Indlan Journal of American Studies 13 (21, pp.9-25. Sapler, Roberta led1 1972 Female Liberation History and Current Politics. New York . Alfred A.KnopE. Scharnhorst, Gary 1985. Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Boston : Twayne Publishers Shanley, Mary Lyndon 1993. "Surrogate Mothering and Women's Freedom A Crltique of Contracts for Human Reproduction". Signs. 18 (31 , pp. 618-639. ShowaLter, Elalne 1989 "Towards A Femlnrst POetlCS" Contemporary Criticism An Anthology ed V S.Sethuraman. Madras : MacMillan Indla Ltd Snitow, Ann 1990 "Beloved". Toni Morrison. ed Wllfred D Samuels & Clenora Hudson-Weems Boston Twayne Publishers. Sprague, Clalre 1987: Rereading Doris Lessing . Narrative Patterns of Doubling and Repetition. Chapel Hill and London . The University of North Carolina Press
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THE PROBLEMATICS OF MOTHERHOOD IN T
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POONAM MINOCHA Research Scholar Dep
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The hand that rocks the cradle does
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university. New Delhi; Pondicherry
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CEAPTER - 11 INTRODUCTIONS PROBLEMA
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manipulation of her self whereas Mr
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This chapter explores the major que
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and career, single parenting, ambiv
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INTRODUCTION : PROBLEllATICS OP XOT
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3 institution of motherhood In her
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5 aspect of the female body and 'ge
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1.2.1. The dissertation takes for ~
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9 goddess with the human mother, im
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11 example, portrays Sophie, the 'i
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harm children 13 It argues instead
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15 fourteenth-century mother and he
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17 Gold, The Ice Age and The Middle
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19 1.6.2 The two American novelists
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21 finds herself at crossroads - sh
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enmeshed in the femlnine motherhood
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25 unrecognizable as individuals" (
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from the blologlcal to the psycho-s
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narrative point of view, structure,
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3 1 By emphasizing the primacy of m
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TO bear a child, preferably a son,
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35 the moral, transf0m:ng the biolo
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37 2.2.1. Before the summer of her
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2.2.1.3. Kate trles to Inculcate in
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sexually knowledgeable woman of the
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other hand, completely convinced by
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2.2.2.4. Ira retalns some of her mo
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47 2.2.2.7. Apart from Rukmani and
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malevolence of the instltutlon itse
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for her it involves both a give and
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5 3 daughter Beloved the second tim
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'feminist' daughter. 5 5 What one s
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57 nurturing relationship Walker he
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59 far preferable to rejection or i
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lnwlcation of the ability to relate
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63 mother After a long bout of fami
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Her frail independence gave way to
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male. Rich interprets Yahweh's comm
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2.5.3. Nectar in a Sieve reiterates
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. 71 internalization of a 'code of
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73 Gilman's concept, therefore, is
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to the Church in the same way as he
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77 2.7.1. Rukmani of Nectar in a Si
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79 The mother therefore serves as b
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81 comprehends that Michael's wife
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BEKINIST MOTBEICBOOD To be a good m
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85 3.2.0. In the novels under study
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3.3.1. In Alice Walker's Meridian,
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As will be seen subsequently, symbo
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91 that the daughter often recelves
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dentity. What Elaine Showalter says
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(1987.110) Although no resolution i
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97 :elect it. Her obsessive remembr
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core: "Daughter? I don't have any d
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OD she forms with her daughters. Be
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experience and motherhood as an ins
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105 of the double message she recei
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107 Jaya of That Long Silence and I
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109 saru marries Manu mainly to bre
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him on this account. Not withstandi
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113 chat that Went on in the queue,
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115 adaptability, but realizes that
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and behavlng well and you should an
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119 embodiment. Kate's dilemma is s
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121 them to be childrearers once th
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Work means getting away from home,
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125 would probably have become some
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127 motherhood and career only when
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129 she does not grant =he 'father'
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131 social construct, Gilman was wl
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out a change ln attitude towards mo
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135 the House' and loosening the te
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13 7 of one's Own' is essentlal to
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139 example that comes to mind imme
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141 experlences a fragmentation of
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TECHNOLOGIC& MOTEERBOOD It was part
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145 4.1.1. This brlngs us to the qu
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147 womb, sometimes after it has be
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149 bodies of brain-dead pregnant w
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151 4.2.4.1. Surrogate motherhood h
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153 vitro gestation (IVG) which inv
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155 pregnancy necessary? Do foetuse
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157 prosperity of then children dep
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159 strengthen male control over fe
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161 chlld, while advocates of techn
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clash with a woman's llved experlen
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165 children and more a displacemen
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167 w~th Adrienne Rich's stance tha
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169 allowing women to place themsel
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171 4.5.2 Mothering, In Mattapoiset
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173 with a new consclousness" (Lane
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175 subverts the existing stereotyp
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177 when they learn from the men th
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179 4.9.0. As Piercy's Wcrman on th
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181 patrlarchal culture, we see her
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THE USTEETICS OF MOTHERHOOD . Women
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185 sees lt, the mother's voice is
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esurrected female slave narrator's
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189 daughter and her wrlting and wh
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191 through the flrst person narrat
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193 on Kate, uslng the omniscient n
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195 story, It is also the story of
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197 narrative of her visit to a uto
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dominated soclety. 199 In Atwood an
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201 buffalo" (NS 14) brlngs to ligh
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203 going to do, just lay there and
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205 Further, the chlldren brought u
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everyone she knew - but it had neve
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more my style" (SBD . 228) says Mau
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211 trees, fountains and flowers Th
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Quite ironically, the Commander's w
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215 5.5.3.8. The river 1s a dominan
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217 5.5.3.11. Morag of The Diviners
Page 235 and 236: separation is as easy as cutting of
Page 237 and 238: 221 mixed feelings about her child.
Page 239 and 240: 223 (WET:95) and "canned childLren1
Page 241 and 242: 225 Piercy's Woman on the Edge of T
Page 243 and 244: 227 5.5.9.6. "Maternity clothes", "
Page 245 and 246: 229 warmth and shelter and at the s
Page 247 and 248: 231 prompts Terry to remark that th
Page 249 and 250: deepest religious emotion, every fe
Page 251 and 252: 235 In Search of Our Mothers' Garde
Page 253 and 254: 237 Demeter, searching for her daug
Page 255 and 256: 239 - the ways in which feminine mo
Page 257 and 258: 241 6.2.0. A quick recapitulation o
Page 259 and 260: 243 freedom: those with an aptitude
Page 261 and 262: considered natural, conversely ther
Page 263 and 264: 247 not relieve the mother of her r
Page 265 and 266: 249 androcentric society which repe
Page 267 and 268: 251 The Summer Before the Dark and
Page 269 and 270: 253 should orientate themselves to
Page 271 and 272: 255 The Sunmar Before the Dark and
Page 273 and 274: 257 semen, socially, ethically and
Page 275 and 276: 259 feminine motherhood allow them
Page 277 and 278: 261 for exploration, and Gloria Nay
Page 279 and 280: SELECT BIBLIOaRAPHY PRIMARY SOWRCES
Page 281 and 282: Budhos, Shirley 1987: The Theme of
Page 283 and 284: Gould, Joan 1988: Spirale : A Woman
Page 285: Mala, R. 1989: The Predicment of th
Page 289: Veevers, J.E. 1991: Continuity and
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