the problematics of motherhood in twentieth century women's fiction

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Howells, Coral Ann 1988: "In Search of Lost Mothers : Margaret Laurence's The Diviners and Elizabeth Jolley's Hiss Peabody's Inheritance. ?.riel. 19(1), pp.57-70. Jones, Carolyn M. 1993: "Sula and Beloved : Images of Cain in the Novels of Ton1 Morrison". African American Review. 27141. pp.615-26. Jung, C.G 1972: Four Archetypes Routledge & Kegan Paul. London & Henley : Karplnski, Joanne B. Perkins Oilman. (ed) 1992. Critical Essays New York . G.K.Hal1 & Co. Charlotte Ladd, Rosalxnd Ekman 1989 "Women in Labor . Some Issues Rbout Informed Consent" Eypatia 4 (3;. Lane, Rnn J 1979 "1ntroduct;on". Herland New York Pantheon Books -...-.--.-.-- 1990. To Eerland and Beyond The Life and Work of Charlotte Perkins Oilman New York . Pantheon Books. Langland, Elizabeth 1987 "Patrlarchal IdeoloW and Marglnal Motherhood ln Vlctorran Novels by Women',. 19 i3), pp.381-94. Lldoff. Joan 1993 "Fluld Boundarles The Mocher - Daughter Story, the Story - Reader Matrrx". Texas Studies in Literature and Language 35i41, pp 398-419 ;lsclo, Lorralne 1992 "Beloved's Narrative . Writlng Mother's Milk" Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature. 11111, pp 31-45 Lorber. Judith 1989: "Choice, Gift, or Patrlarchal Bargain? Women's consent to In Vitro Eertillzatlon in Male Infertility". Eypatia. 4131, pp 23-36.
Mala, R. 1989: The Predicment of the Indian Woman : The Eeroines in the Novels of Shashi ~eshpande - A Select Study. An unpublished M.Phil Dlssertation, Pondicherry University, July 1989. Margolis, Maxine L. 1984: Mothers and Such : Views of American women and why they changed. Berkeley : University of California Press. Martln, Carol A. 1983. "No Angel in the House . Victorlan Mothers and Daughters in George Eliot and Elizabeth Gaskell" . The Midwest Quarterly XXIV (3), pp.297- 314. Mballa, Doreatha Drummond 1991. Toni Morrison's Developing Class Consciousness. Selinsqrove . Susquehanna Unlverslty Press. McKay, Nellie Y. (ed) 1988: Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. Boston, Massachusetts . G K Hall & Co. McLaren, Arlene Tiqar (ed) 1988. Gender and Society . Creating a Canadian Women's Sociology Toronto : Copp Clark Pitman Ltd. Meyerlng, Sheql L (ed) 1989 Charlotte Perkins Oilman The Woman and Her Work London . UMI Research Press Mol, Tor11 (ed) 1987. French Feminist Thought A Reader. Oxford . Basil Blackwell. Morley, Patrlcia 1991. Margaret Laurence : The Long Journey Home. Montreal : McGl11-Queen's Unlverslty Press Murphy, Julien S 1989: "Is Pregnancy Necessary? Feminist Concerns About Ectogenesis" Eypatia. 4 (3), pp.66-83 Nadel. Alan 1988: 'Reading the Body : Alice Walker's Meridian and the Archaeology of Self". Modern Fiction Studies. 34 (1).
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THE PROBLEMATICS OF MOTHERHOOD IN T
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POONAM MINOCHA Research Scholar Dep
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The hand that rocks the cradle does
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university. New Delhi; Pondicherry
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CEAPTER - 11 INTRODUCTIONS PROBLEMA
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manipulation of her self whereas Mr
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This chapter explores the major que
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and career, single parenting, ambiv
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INTRODUCTION : PROBLEllATICS OP XOT
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3 institution of motherhood In her
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5 aspect of the female body and 'ge
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1.2.1. The dissertation takes for ~
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9 goddess with the human mother, im
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11 example, portrays Sophie, the 'i
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harm children 13 It argues instead
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15 fourteenth-century mother and he
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17 Gold, The Ice Age and The Middle
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19 1.6.2 The two American novelists
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21 finds herself at crossroads - sh
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enmeshed in the femlnine motherhood
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25 unrecognizable as individuals" (
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from the blologlcal to the psycho-s
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narrative point of view, structure,
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3 1 By emphasizing the primacy of m
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TO bear a child, preferably a son,
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35 the moral, transf0m:ng the biolo
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37 2.2.1. Before the summer of her
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2.2.1.3. Kate trles to Inculcate in
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sexually knowledgeable woman of the
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other hand, completely convinced by
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2.2.2.4. Ira retalns some of her mo
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47 2.2.2.7. Apart from Rukmani and
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malevolence of the instltutlon itse
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for her it involves both a give and
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5 3 daughter Beloved the second tim
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'feminist' daughter. 5 5 What one s
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57 nurturing relationship Walker he
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59 far preferable to rejection or i
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lnwlcation of the ability to relate
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63 mother After a long bout of fami
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Her frail independence gave way to
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male. Rich interprets Yahweh's comm
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2.5.3. Nectar in a Sieve reiterates
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. 71 internalization of a 'code of
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73 Gilman's concept, therefore, is
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to the Church in the same way as he
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77 2.7.1. Rukmani of Nectar in a Si
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79 The mother therefore serves as b
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81 comprehends that Michael's wife
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BEKINIST MOTBEICBOOD To be a good m
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85 3.2.0. In the novels under study
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3.3.1. In Alice Walker's Meridian,
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As will be seen subsequently, symbo
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91 that the daughter often recelves
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dentity. What Elaine Showalter says
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(1987.110) Although no resolution i
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97 :elect it. Her obsessive remembr
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core: "Daughter? I don't have any d
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OD she forms with her daughters. Be
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experience and motherhood as an ins
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105 of the double message she recei
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107 Jaya of That Long Silence and I
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109 saru marries Manu mainly to bre
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him on this account. Not withstandi
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113 chat that Went on in the queue,
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115 adaptability, but realizes that
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and behavlng well and you should an
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119 embodiment. Kate's dilemma is s
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121 them to be childrearers once th
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Work means getting away from home,
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125 would probably have become some
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127 motherhood and career only when
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129 she does not grant =he 'father'
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131 social construct, Gilman was wl
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out a change ln attitude towards mo
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135 the House' and loosening the te
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13 7 of one's Own' is essentlal to
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139 example that comes to mind imme
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141 experlences a fragmentation of
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TECHNOLOGIC& MOTEERBOOD It was part
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145 4.1.1. This brlngs us to the qu
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147 womb, sometimes after it has be
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149 bodies of brain-dead pregnant w
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151 4.2.4.1. Surrogate motherhood h
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153 vitro gestation (IVG) which inv
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155 pregnancy necessary? Do foetuse
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157 prosperity of then children dep
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159 strengthen male control over fe
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161 chlld, while advocates of techn
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clash with a woman's llved experlen
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165 children and more a displacemen
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167 w~th Adrienne Rich's stance tha
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169 allowing women to place themsel
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171 4.5.2 Mothering, In Mattapoiset
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173 with a new consclousness" (Lane
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175 subverts the existing stereotyp
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177 when they learn from the men th
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179 4.9.0. As Piercy's Wcrman on th
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181 patrlarchal culture, we see her
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THE USTEETICS OF MOTHERHOOD . Women
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185 sees lt, the mother's voice is
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esurrected female slave narrator's
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189 daughter and her wrlting and wh
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191 through the flrst person narrat
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193 on Kate, uslng the omniscient n
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195 story, It is also the story of
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197 narrative of her visit to a uto
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dominated soclety. 199 In Atwood an
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201 buffalo" (NS 14) brlngs to ligh
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203 going to do, just lay there and
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205 Further, the chlldren brought u
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everyone she knew - but it had neve
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more my style" (SBD . 228) says Mau
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211 trees, fountains and flowers Th
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Quite ironically, the Commander's w
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215 5.5.3.8. The river 1s a dominan
Page 233 and 234: 217 5.5.3.11. Morag of The Diviners
Page 235 and 236: separation is as easy as cutting of
Page 237 and 238: 221 mixed feelings about her child.
Page 239 and 240: 223 (WET:95) and "canned childLren1
Page 241 and 242: 225 Piercy's Woman on the Edge of T
Page 243 and 244: 227 5.5.9.6. "Maternity clothes", "
Page 245 and 246: 229 warmth and shelter and at the s
Page 247 and 248: 231 prompts Terry to remark that th
Page 249 and 250: deepest religious emotion, every fe
Page 251 and 252: 235 In Search of Our Mothers' Garde
Page 253 and 254: 237 Demeter, searching for her daug
Page 255 and 256: 239 - the ways in which feminine mo
Page 257 and 258: 241 6.2.0. A quick recapitulation o
Page 259 and 260: 243 freedom: those with an aptitude
Page 261 and 262: considered natural, conversely ther
Page 263 and 264: 247 not relieve the mother of her r
Page 265 and 266: 249 androcentric society which repe
Page 267 and 268: 251 The Summer Before the Dark and
Page 269 and 270: 253 should orientate themselves to
Page 271 and 272: 255 The Sunmar Before the Dark and
Page 273 and 274: 257 semen, socially, ethically and
Page 275 and 276: 259 feminine motherhood allow them
Page 277 and 278: 261 for exploration, and Gloria Nay
Page 279 and 280: SELECT BIBLIOaRAPHY PRIMARY SOWRCES
Page 281 and 282: Budhos, Shirley 1987: The Theme of
Page 283: Gould, Joan 1988: Spirale : A Woman
Page 287 and 288: Rumsey, Jean P. 1990: "Constructing
Page 289: Veevers, J.E. 1991: Continuity and
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