the problematics of motherhood in twentieth century women's fiction

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Davidson, Arnold E. 1981 The Art of Margaret Atwood. Essays in Criticism. Toronto : Ansasi. Davidson, Cathy N. & Broner, E.M. 1980 The Lost Tradition : Mothers and Daughters in literature. New York : Ungar. Degler, Carl N. 1989: "Charlotte Perkins Gilman on the Theory and Practice of Feminism". Charlotte Perkins Gibn . The Woman and Her Work ed. Sheryl Meyerrng London . Ui4I Research Press. Dhawan, R.K. (ed) 1991: Indian Women Novelists New Delhi. Prestige Books. Donchln. Anne 1989. "The Growing Femlnist Debate over the New Reproductive Technologies'' .Hypatia, 4 (3) ,pp 136-49. Elchler, Margrit 1988. Families in Canada Today . Recent Changes and their Polacy Consaquences Elsenstein, Hester 1984 Contemporary Feminist Thought London . Unwln. Ellman, Mary 1968 Thinking About Women New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovlch Inc Frledan, Betty 197i The Feminine Mystique Harmondsworth. Pengum. Garner, Shrrley Nelson et a1 (edl 1985: The X(other) Tongue: Essays in feminist psychoanalytic interpretation. Ithaca. New York Cornell University Press. Gerson, Kathleen 1985 Hard choices : How women decide about Work, Career and Motherhood. Berkely : University of California Press. Godard, Barbara (ed) 1987. Gynocritics : Fminist Approaches to Canadian and Quebec Women's Writing. Toronto, Ontario . ECW Press.
Gould, Joan 1988: Spirale : A Woman's Journey through family life. New York : Random. Gordon. Tuula 1990. Feminist Mothers. New York : New York University Press. Gubar, Susan 1989: "She in Herland : Feminism as Fantasy". Charlotte Perkins Gilman : The Woman and Her Work. ed Sheryl Meyering London : UMI Research Press Gunnars, Kristjane (ed) 1988: Croasing the River : Essays in Honour of Margaret Laurence Winnipeg, Manitoba . Turnstone Press Hall, K Graehme 1989 "Mothers and Chlldren . Rlsing with the Resistless Tide ln Herland". Charlotte Perkins Gilman . The Woman and Her Work ed. Sheryl Meyerlng London UMI Research Press. Harrls, Janice H. 1975 "Our Mute. Inglorious Mochers" Midwest Quarterly XVI I3 I The Harrrs, Trudier 1991 Fiction and Folklore The Novels of Toni Morrison Knoxville The Unlverslty of Tennessee Press. Hengen, Shannon 1993. Margaret Atwood's Power Mirrors, Reflections and Images in Select Fiction and Poetry Toronco Second Story Press. Hlll, Mary A 1980 Charlotte Perkins Gilman . The Making of A Radical Feminist Phlladelphla Temple Universlty Press Hxrsch, Marlanne 1989 The Mother/Daughter Plot Narrative, Psychoanalysis, Feminism. Bloomingcon : Indlanna University Press. -----.------ 1990 "Maternal Narratives : Cruel Enough to Stop the Blood" Toni Morrison. ed. Wllfred D Samuels & Clenora Hudson-Weems Boston : Twayne Publishers.
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THE PROBLEMATICS OF MOTHERHOOD IN T
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POONAM MINOCHA Research Scholar Dep
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The hand that rocks the cradle does
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university. New Delhi; Pondicherry
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CEAPTER - 11 INTRODUCTIONS PROBLEMA
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manipulation of her self whereas Mr
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This chapter explores the major que
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and career, single parenting, ambiv
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INTRODUCTION : PROBLEllATICS OP XOT
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3 institution of motherhood In her
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5 aspect of the female body and 'ge
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1.2.1. The dissertation takes for ~
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9 goddess with the human mother, im
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11 example, portrays Sophie, the 'i
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harm children 13 It argues instead
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15 fourteenth-century mother and he
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17 Gold, The Ice Age and The Middle
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19 1.6.2 The two American novelists
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21 finds herself at crossroads - sh
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enmeshed in the femlnine motherhood
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25 unrecognizable as individuals" (
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from the blologlcal to the psycho-s
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narrative point of view, structure,
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3 1 By emphasizing the primacy of m
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TO bear a child, preferably a son,
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35 the moral, transf0m:ng the biolo
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37 2.2.1. Before the summer of her
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2.2.1.3. Kate trles to Inculcate in
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sexually knowledgeable woman of the
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other hand, completely convinced by
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2.2.2.4. Ira retalns some of her mo
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47 2.2.2.7. Apart from Rukmani and
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malevolence of the instltutlon itse
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for her it involves both a give and
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5 3 daughter Beloved the second tim
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'feminist' daughter. 5 5 What one s
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57 nurturing relationship Walker he
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59 far preferable to rejection or i
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lnwlcation of the ability to relate
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63 mother After a long bout of fami
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Her frail independence gave way to
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male. Rich interprets Yahweh's comm
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2.5.3. Nectar in a Sieve reiterates
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. 71 internalization of a 'code of
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73 Gilman's concept, therefore, is
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to the Church in the same way as he
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77 2.7.1. Rukmani of Nectar in a Si
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79 The mother therefore serves as b
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81 comprehends that Michael's wife
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BEKINIST MOTBEICBOOD To be a good m
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85 3.2.0. In the novels under study
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3.3.1. In Alice Walker's Meridian,
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As will be seen subsequently, symbo
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91 that the daughter often recelves
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dentity. What Elaine Showalter says
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(1987.110) Although no resolution i
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97 :elect it. Her obsessive remembr
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core: "Daughter? I don't have any d
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OD she forms with her daughters. Be
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experience and motherhood as an ins
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105 of the double message she recei
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107 Jaya of That Long Silence and I
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109 saru marries Manu mainly to bre
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him on this account. Not withstandi
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113 chat that Went on in the queue,
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115 adaptability, but realizes that
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and behavlng well and you should an
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119 embodiment. Kate's dilemma is s
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121 them to be childrearers once th
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Work means getting away from home,
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125 would probably have become some
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127 motherhood and career only when
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129 she does not grant =he 'father'
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131 social construct, Gilman was wl
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out a change ln attitude towards mo
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135 the House' and loosening the te
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13 7 of one's Own' is essentlal to
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139 example that comes to mind imme
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141 experlences a fragmentation of
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TECHNOLOGIC& MOTEERBOOD It was part
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145 4.1.1. This brlngs us to the qu
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147 womb, sometimes after it has be
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149 bodies of brain-dead pregnant w
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151 4.2.4.1. Surrogate motherhood h
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153 vitro gestation (IVG) which inv
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155 pregnancy necessary? Do foetuse
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157 prosperity of then children dep
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159 strengthen male control over fe
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161 chlld, while advocates of techn
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clash with a woman's llved experlen
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165 children and more a displacemen
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167 w~th Adrienne Rich's stance tha
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169 allowing women to place themsel
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171 4.5.2 Mothering, In Mattapoiset
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173 with a new consclousness" (Lane
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175 subverts the existing stereotyp
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177 when they learn from the men th
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179 4.9.0. As Piercy's Wcrman on th
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181 patrlarchal culture, we see her
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THE USTEETICS OF MOTHERHOOD . Women
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185 sees lt, the mother's voice is
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esurrected female slave narrator's
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189 daughter and her wrlting and wh
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191 through the flrst person narrat
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193 on Kate, uslng the omniscient n
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195 story, It is also the story of
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197 narrative of her visit to a uto
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dominated soclety. 199 In Atwood an
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201 buffalo" (NS 14) brlngs to ligh
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203 going to do, just lay there and
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205 Further, the chlldren brought u
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everyone she knew - but it had neve
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more my style" (SBD . 228) says Mau
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211 trees, fountains and flowers Th
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Quite ironically, the Commander's w
Page 231 and 232: 215 5.5.3.8. The river 1s a dominan
Page 233 and 234: 217 5.5.3.11. Morag of The Diviners
Page 235 and 236: separation is as easy as cutting of
Page 237 and 238: 221 mixed feelings about her child.
Page 239 and 240: 223 (WET:95) and "canned childLren1
Page 241 and 242: 225 Piercy's Woman on the Edge of T
Page 243 and 244: 227 5.5.9.6. "Maternity clothes", "
Page 245 and 246: 229 warmth and shelter and at the s
Page 247 and 248: 231 prompts Terry to remark that th
Page 249 and 250: deepest religious emotion, every fe
Page 251 and 252: 235 In Search of Our Mothers' Garde
Page 253 and 254: 237 Demeter, searching for her daug
Page 255 and 256: 239 - the ways in which feminine mo
Page 257 and 258: 241 6.2.0. A quick recapitulation o
Page 259 and 260: 243 freedom: those with an aptitude
Page 261 and 262: considered natural, conversely ther
Page 263 and 264: 247 not relieve the mother of her r
Page 265 and 266: 249 androcentric society which repe
Page 267 and 268: 251 The Summer Before the Dark and
Page 269 and 270: 253 should orientate themselves to
Page 271 and 272: 255 The Sunmar Before the Dark and
Page 273 and 274: 257 semen, socially, ethically and
Page 275 and 276: 259 feminine motherhood allow them
Page 277 and 278: 261 for exploration, and Gloria Nay
Page 279 and 280: SELECT BIBLIOaRAPHY PRIMARY SOWRCES
Page 281: Budhos, Shirley 1987: The Theme of
Page 285 and 286: Mala, R. 1989: The Predicment of th
Page 287 and 288: Rumsey, Jean P. 1990: "Constructing
Page 289: Veevers, J.E. 1991: Continuity and
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