the problematics of motherhood in twentieth century women's fiction

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Dr. N. NATARAJAN Senlor Lecturer Department of English Pond~cherry U~vers~iy PONDICHERRY - 605 014 CERTIFICATE Thls 1s to certlfy that the d~ssertatlon ent~tled 'THE PROBLEMATICS OF MOTHERHOOD IN TWENTIETH CENTURY WOMEN'S FICTION : A SELECT STUDY' submlttcd to the Pond~cherry Un~vers~ty In partlal fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH, IS a record of orlglnal research work done by MS. POONAM MINOCHA durlng the per~od of her study 1992- 95 m the Department of Engllsh, Pondlcheny Unlvers~ty under my supervlslon and guidance, and that the dlssertat~on has not formed before the basls for the award of any Degree, D~ploma, Assoclatcshlp. Fellowsh~p, or any other 51mllar tttles 'L1 .A* .- s T'JC HEAD OF THE DEPA$dNT nomma. kU Deprlnunl Of PnZ1l.b (.wDICB.WRT C'XWFA9W -NDEWFPPP-W' -1
POONAM MINOCHA Research Scholar Department of Engl~sh Pond~chemy Unlvers~ty PONDICHERRY - 605 014 I hereby declare that the dtssertat~on enbtled 'THE PROBLEMATICS OF MOTHERHOOD IN TWENTIETH CENTURY WOMEN'S FICTION : A SELECT STUDY' submitted to the Pond~cheny Untverslty tn part181 fulfilment of the requuernents for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH, la a record of orlg~nal research work done by tne under the supervlslon and gu~dance of Dr. N. NATARAJAN, Senlor Lecturer, Department of Engllsh, Pond~cheny Unlverslty, and that ~t has not formed before the bas~s for the award of any Degree, D~ploma, Assoc~atesh~p, Fellowsh~p or any other smlar ntles Stgnature
Page 1: THE PROBLEMATICS OF MOTHERHOOD IN T
Page 5 and 6: The hand that rocks the cradle does
Page 7 and 8: university. New Delhi; Pondicherry
Page 9 and 10: CEAPTER - 11 INTRODUCTIONS PROBLEMA
Page 11 and 12: manipulation of her self whereas Mr
Page 13 and 14: This chapter explores the major que
Page 15 and 16: and career, single parenting, ambiv
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION : PROBLEllATICS OP XOT
Page 19 and 20: 3 institution of motherhood In her
Page 21 and 22: 5 aspect of the female body and 'ge
Page 23 and 24: 1.2.1. The dissertation takes for ~
Page 25 and 26: 9 goddess with the human mother, im
Page 27 and 28: 11 example, portrays Sophie, the 'i
Page 29 and 30: harm children 13 It argues instead
Page 31 and 32: 15 fourteenth-century mother and he
Page 33 and 34: 17 Gold, The Ice Age and The Middle
Page 35 and 36: 19 1.6.2 The two American novelists
Page 37 and 38: 21 finds herself at crossroads - sh
Page 39 and 40: enmeshed in the femlnine motherhood
Page 41 and 42: 25 unrecognizable as individuals" (
Page 43 and 44: from the blologlcal to the psycho-s
Page 45 and 46: narrative point of view, structure,
Page 47 and 48: 3 1 By emphasizing the primacy of m
Page 49 and 50: TO bear a child, preferably a son,
Page 51 and 52: 35 the moral, transf0m:ng the biolo
Page 53 and 54:
37 2.2.1. Before the summer of her
Page 55 and 56:
2.2.1.3. Kate trles to Inculcate in
Page 57 and 58:
sexually knowledgeable woman of the
Page 59 and 60:
other hand, completely convinced by
Page 61 and 62:
2.2.2.4. Ira retalns some of her mo
Page 63 and 64:
47 2.2.2.7. Apart from Rukmani and
Page 65 and 66:
malevolence of the instltutlon itse
Page 67 and 68:
for her it involves both a give and
Page 69 and 70:
5 3 daughter Beloved the second tim
Page 71 and 72:
'feminist' daughter. 5 5 What one s
Page 73 and 74:
57 nurturing relationship Walker he
Page 75 and 76:
59 far preferable to rejection or i
Page 77 and 78:
lnwlcation of the ability to relate
Page 79 and 80:
63 mother After a long bout of fami
Page 81 and 82:
Her frail independence gave way to
Page 83 and 84:
male. Rich interprets Yahweh's comm
Page 85 and 86:
2.5.3. Nectar in a Sieve reiterates
Page 87 and 88:
. 71 internalization of a 'code of
Page 89 and 90:
73 Gilman's concept, therefore, is
Page 91 and 92:
to the Church in the same way as he
Page 93 and 94:
77 2.7.1. Rukmani of Nectar in a Si
Page 95 and 96:
79 The mother therefore serves as b
Page 97 and 98:
81 comprehends that Michael's wife
Page 99 and 100:
BEKINIST MOTBEICBOOD To be a good m
Page 101 and 102:
85 3.2.0. In the novels under study
Page 103 and 104:
3.3.1. In Alice Walker's Meridian,
Page 105 and 106:
As will be seen subsequently, symbo
Page 107 and 108:
91 that the daughter often recelves
Page 109 and 110:
dentity. What Elaine Showalter says
Page 111 and 112:
(1987.110) Although no resolution i
Page 113 and 114:
97 :elect it. Her obsessive remembr
Page 115 and 116:
core: "Daughter? I don't have any d
Page 117 and 118:
OD she forms with her daughters. Be
Page 119 and 120:
experience and motherhood as an ins
Page 121 and 122:
105 of the double message she recei
Page 123 and 124:
107 Jaya of That Long Silence and I
Page 125 and 126:
109 saru marries Manu mainly to bre
Page 127 and 128:
him on this account. Not withstandi
Page 129 and 130:
113 chat that Went on in the queue,
Page 131 and 132:
115 adaptability, but realizes that
Page 133 and 134:
and behavlng well and you should an
Page 135 and 136:
119 embodiment. Kate's dilemma is s
Page 137 and 138:
121 them to be childrearers once th
Page 139 and 140:
Work means getting away from home,
Page 141 and 142:
125 would probably have become some
Page 143 and 144:
127 motherhood and career only when
Page 145 and 146:
129 she does not grant =he 'father'
Page 147 and 148:
131 social construct, Gilman was wl
Page 149 and 150:
out a change ln attitude towards mo
Page 151 and 152:
135 the House' and loosening the te
Page 153 and 154:
13 7 of one's Own' is essentlal to
Page 155 and 156:
139 example that comes to mind imme
Page 157 and 158:
141 experlences a fragmentation of
Page 159 and 160:
TECHNOLOGIC& MOTEERBOOD It was part
Page 161 and 162:
145 4.1.1. This brlngs us to the qu
Page 163 and 164:
147 womb, sometimes after it has be
Page 165 and 166:
149 bodies of brain-dead pregnant w
Page 167 and 168:
151 4.2.4.1. Surrogate motherhood h
Page 169 and 170:
153 vitro gestation (IVG) which inv
Page 171 and 172:
155 pregnancy necessary? Do foetuse
Page 173 and 174:
157 prosperity of then children dep
Page 175 and 176:
159 strengthen male control over fe
Page 177 and 178:
161 chlld, while advocates of techn
Page 179 and 180:
clash with a woman's llved experlen
Page 181 and 182:
165 children and more a displacemen
Page 183 and 184:
167 w~th Adrienne Rich's stance tha
Page 185 and 186:
169 allowing women to place themsel
Page 187 and 188:
171 4.5.2 Mothering, In Mattapoiset
Page 189 and 190:
173 with a new consclousness" (Lane
Page 191 and 192:
175 subverts the existing stereotyp
Page 193 and 194:
177 when they learn from the men th
Page 195 and 196:
179 4.9.0. As Piercy's Wcrman on th
Page 197 and 198:
181 patrlarchal culture, we see her
Page 199 and 200:
THE USTEETICS OF MOTHERHOOD . Women
Page 201 and 202:
185 sees lt, the mother's voice is
Page 203 and 204:
esurrected female slave narrator's
Page 205 and 206:
189 daughter and her wrlting and wh
Page 207 and 208:
191 through the flrst person narrat
Page 209 and 210:
193 on Kate, uslng the omniscient n
Page 211 and 212:
195 story, It is also the story of
Page 213 and 214:
197 narrative of her visit to a uto
Page 215 and 216:
dominated soclety. 199 In Atwood an
Page 217 and 218:
201 buffalo" (NS 14) brlngs to ligh
Page 219 and 220:
203 going to do, just lay there and
Page 221 and 222:
205 Further, the chlldren brought u
Page 223 and 224:
everyone she knew - but it had neve
Page 225 and 226:
more my style" (SBD . 228) says Mau
Page 227 and 228:
211 trees, fountains and flowers Th
Page 229 and 230:
Quite ironically, the Commander's w
Page 231 and 232:
215 5.5.3.8. The river 1s a dominan
Page 233 and 234:
217 5.5.3.11. Morag of The Diviners
Page 235 and 236:
separation is as easy as cutting of
Page 237 and 238:
221 mixed feelings about her child.
Page 239 and 240:
223 (WET:95) and "canned childLren1
Page 241 and 242:
225 Piercy's Woman on the Edge of T
Page 243 and 244:
227 5.5.9.6. "Maternity clothes", "
Page 245 and 246:
229 warmth and shelter and at the s
Page 247 and 248:
231 prompts Terry to remark that th
Page 249 and 250:
deepest religious emotion, every fe
Page 251 and 252:
235 In Search of Our Mothers' Garde
Page 253 and 254:
237 Demeter, searching for her daug
Page 255 and 256:
239 - the ways in which feminine mo
Page 257 and 258:
241 6.2.0. A quick recapitulation o
Page 259 and 260:
243 freedom: those with an aptitude
Page 261 and 262:
considered natural, conversely ther
Page 263 and 264:
247 not relieve the mother of her r
Page 265 and 266:
249 androcentric society which repe
Page 267 and 268:
251 The Summer Before the Dark and
Page 269 and 270:
253 should orientate themselves to
Page 271 and 272:
255 The Sunmar Before the Dark and
Page 273 and 274:
257 semen, socially, ethically and
Page 275 and 276:
259 feminine motherhood allow them
Page 277 and 278:
261 for exploration, and Gloria Nay
Page 279 and 280:
SELECT BIBLIOaRAPHY PRIMARY SOWRCES
Page 281 and 282:
Budhos, Shirley 1987: The Theme of
Page 283 and 284:
Gould, Joan 1988: Spirale : A Woman
Page 285 and 286:
Mala, R. 1989: The Predicment of th
Page 287 and 288:
Rumsey, Jean P. 1990: "Constructing
Page 289:
Veevers, J.E. 1991: Continuity and
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