the problematics of motherhood in twentieth century women's fiction

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142 femlnlne to the feminist, whereas in Deshpande, Lessing and Laurence, it is circular - Saru, Kate and Morag oscillate between the two poles. Deshpande, Lesslng and Laurence take their protagonists to the brink of femlnlst motherhood, offerrng a glimpse of the emerglng new mother while Walker unhesitatingly leaps into this challenging arena. The personal/domestic battle and the internally felt urge ln Sam, Kate and Morag, expands into a racial, social and ideological battle in Walker's mother
TECHNOLOGIC& MOTEERBOOD It was part of women's long revolution. When we were breaklng all the old hierarchies Finally there was that one thlng we had to give up too, the only power we ever had, In return for no more power for anyone. The original production. the power to glve blrth Cause as long as we were biologically enchained, we'd never be equal. And males never would be humanized to be lovlng and tender So we all became mothers Every chlld has three To break the nuclear bondlng (WET 98) 4.1.0. From the prevlous chapter, it 1s dlscernable that advocates of femlnlst motherhood call for the destrucrlon of the soclal/cultural construct of motherhood - they do not want women to rellnqulsh mothering, but deslre to convert ~t to a more pleasurable experience by destroying lmposltlons :aid on motherhood by the lnstltutlon. Another group of fe~nlnlsts move a step further, urglng a shlft from alologlcal to technologlcal motherhood wlth a promlse that :i would loosen men's control over women's bodles Vlewlng reproduction as the root cause of women's oppression, supporters of technologlcal motherhood assert that women are bound by blologrcal roles desplte the educational, legal and polltlcal equallty they had achieved. Of all differences between men and women, the most immutable appears to be Women's reproductlve capacities; lt is this mammalian responsiblllty that condemns women to a shackled existence.
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THE PROBLEMATICS OF MOTHERHOOD IN T
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POONAM MINOCHA Research Scholar Dep
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The hand that rocks the cradle does
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university. New Delhi; Pondicherry
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CEAPTER - 11 INTRODUCTIONS PROBLEMA
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manipulation of her self whereas Mr
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This chapter explores the major que
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and career, single parenting, ambiv
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INTRODUCTION : PROBLEllATICS OP XOT
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3 institution of motherhood In her
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5 aspect of the female body and 'ge
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1.2.1. The dissertation takes for ~
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9 goddess with the human mother, im
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11 example, portrays Sophie, the 'i
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harm children 13 It argues instead
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15 fourteenth-century mother and he
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17 Gold, The Ice Age and The Middle
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19 1.6.2 The two American novelists
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21 finds herself at crossroads - sh
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enmeshed in the femlnine motherhood
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25 unrecognizable as individuals" (
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from the blologlcal to the psycho-s
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narrative point of view, structure,
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3 1 By emphasizing the primacy of m
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TO bear a child, preferably a son,
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35 the moral, transf0m:ng the biolo
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37 2.2.1. Before the summer of her
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2.2.1.3. Kate trles to Inculcate in
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sexually knowledgeable woman of the
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other hand, completely convinced by
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2.2.2.4. Ira retalns some of her mo
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47 2.2.2.7. Apart from Rukmani and
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malevolence of the instltutlon itse
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for her it involves both a give and
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5 3 daughter Beloved the second tim
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'feminist' daughter. 5 5 What one s
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57 nurturing relationship Walker he
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59 far preferable to rejection or i
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lnwlcation of the ability to relate
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63 mother After a long bout of fami
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Her frail independence gave way to
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male. Rich interprets Yahweh's comm
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2.5.3. Nectar in a Sieve reiterates
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. 71 internalization of a 'code of
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73 Gilman's concept, therefore, is
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to the Church in the same way as he
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77 2.7.1. Rukmani of Nectar in a Si
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79 The mother therefore serves as b
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81 comprehends that Michael's wife
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BEKINIST MOTBEICBOOD To be a good m
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85 3.2.0. In the novels under study
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3.3.1. In Alice Walker's Meridian,
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As will be seen subsequently, symbo
Page 107 and 108: 91 that the daughter often recelves
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Page 111 and 112: (1987.110) Although no resolution i
Page 113 and 114: 97 :elect it. Her obsessive remembr
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Page 119 and 120: experience and motherhood as an ins
Page 121 and 122: 105 of the double message she recei
Page 123 and 124: 107 Jaya of That Long Silence and I
Page 125 and 126: 109 saru marries Manu mainly to bre
Page 127 and 128: him on this account. Not withstandi
Page 129 and 130: 113 chat that Went on in the queue,
Page 131 and 132: 115 adaptability, but realizes that
Page 133 and 134: and behavlng well and you should an
Page 135 and 136: 119 embodiment. Kate's dilemma is s
Page 137 and 138: 121 them to be childrearers once th
Page 139 and 140: Work means getting away from home,
Page 141 and 142: 125 would probably have become some
Page 143 and 144: 127 motherhood and career only when
Page 145 and 146: 129 she does not grant =he 'father'
Page 147 and 148: 131 social construct, Gilman was wl
Page 149 and 150: out a change ln attitude towards mo
Page 151 and 152: 135 the House' and loosening the te
Page 153 and 154: 13 7 of one's Own' is essentlal to
Page 155 and 156: 139 example that comes to mind imme
Page 157: 141 experlences a fragmentation of
Page 161 and 162: 145 4.1.1. This brlngs us to the qu
Page 163 and 164: 147 womb, sometimes after it has be
Page 165 and 166: 149 bodies of brain-dead pregnant w
Page 167 and 168: 151 4.2.4.1. Surrogate motherhood h
Page 169 and 170: 153 vitro gestation (IVG) which inv
Page 171 and 172: 155 pregnancy necessary? Do foetuse
Page 173 and 174: 157 prosperity of then children dep
Page 175 and 176: 159 strengthen male control over fe
Page 177 and 178: 161 chlld, while advocates of techn
Page 179 and 180: clash with a woman's llved experlen
Page 181 and 182: 165 children and more a displacemen
Page 183 and 184: 167 w~th Adrienne Rich's stance tha
Page 185 and 186: 169 allowing women to place themsel
Page 187 and 188: 171 4.5.2 Mothering, In Mattapoiset
Page 189 and 190: 173 with a new consclousness" (Lane
Page 191 and 192: 175 subverts the existing stereotyp
Page 193 and 194: 177 when they learn from the men th
Page 195 and 196: 179 4.9.0. As Piercy's Wcrman on th
Page 197 and 198: 181 patrlarchal culture, we see her
Page 199 and 200: THE USTEETICS OF MOTHERHOOD . Women
Page 201 and 202: 185 sees lt, the mother's voice is
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Page 205 and 206: 189 daughter and her wrlting and wh
Page 207 and 208: 191 through the flrst person narrat
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193 on Kate, uslng the omniscient n
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195 story, It is also the story of
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197 narrative of her visit to a uto
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dominated soclety. 199 In Atwood an
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201 buffalo" (NS 14) brlngs to ligh
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203 going to do, just lay there and
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205 Further, the chlldren brought u
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everyone she knew - but it had neve
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more my style" (SBD . 228) says Mau
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211 trees, fountains and flowers Th
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Quite ironically, the Commander's w
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215 5.5.3.8. The river 1s a dominan
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217 5.5.3.11. Morag of The Diviners
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separation is as easy as cutting of
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221 mixed feelings about her child.
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223 (WET:95) and "canned childLren1
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225 Piercy's Woman on the Edge of T
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227 5.5.9.6. "Maternity clothes", "
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229 warmth and shelter and at the s
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231 prompts Terry to remark that th
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deepest religious emotion, every fe
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235 In Search of Our Mothers' Garde
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237 Demeter, searching for her daug
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239 - the ways in which feminine mo
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241 6.2.0. A quick recapitulation o
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243 freedom: those with an aptitude
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considered natural, conversely ther
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247 not relieve the mother of her r
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249 androcentric society which repe
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251 The Summer Before the Dark and
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253 should orientate themselves to
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255 The Sunmar Before the Dark and
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257 semen, socially, ethically and
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259 feminine motherhood allow them
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261 for exploration, and Gloria Nay
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SELECT BIBLIOaRAPHY PRIMARY SOWRCES
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Budhos, Shirley 1987: The Theme of
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Gould, Joan 1988: Spirale : A Woman
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Mala, R. 1989: The Predicment of th
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Rumsey, Jean P. 1990: "Constructing
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Veevers, J.E. 1991: Continuity and
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