City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics

326 NOTES TO PAGES 246–253
31. Kazuhiro Oda et al., ‘‘16-channel � 10-Gbit/s optical FDM transmission
over a 1000 km conventional single-mode fiber employing dispersioncompensating
fiber and gain equalization,’’ postdeadline paper PD22, Optical Fiber
Communication Conference, Feb 26–Mar 3, 1995, San Diego (Optical Society of
America).
32. http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/ACHIEVEMENTS/WEB/history.html as of
August 3, 2002.
33. K. G. Coffman and A. M. Odlyzko, ‘‘Internet growth: Is there a ‘‘Moore’s
Law’’ for data traffic?’’ in J. Abello, P. M. Pardalos, and M. G. C. Resende, eds.,
Handbook of Massive Data Sets, (Kluwer, 2002, pp. 47–93), also available at http://
www.dtc.umn.edu/odlyzko/doc/networks.html.
34. C. David Chaffee, Building the Global Fiber Optics Superhighway (Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001, p. 46).
35. http://www.globalcrossing.com/ as of August 3, 2002.
36. A. K. Srivastava et al., ‘‘1 Tbit/s transmission of 100 WDM 10 Gbit/s
channels over 400 km of TrueWave fiber,’’ postdeadline paper PD 10, and S.
Aisawa et al., ‘‘Ultra-wide band, long distance WDM transmission demonstration:
1 Tbit/s (50 � 20 Gbit/s) 600 km transmission using 1550 and 1580 nm wavelength
bands,’’ postdeadline paper PD11, both Optical Fiber Communication Conference,
Feb. 1998, San Jose, California (Optical Society of America).
37. Jeff Hecht, ‘‘Planned super-Internet banks on wavelength-division multiplexing,’’
Laser Focus World 35, 5, pp. 103–105 (May 1998).
38. S. Kawanishi et al., ‘‘3-Tbit/s (160 Gbit/s � 19 ch) OTDM-WDM transmission
experiment,’’ postdeadline paper PD1, Optical Fiber Communications Conference,
San Diego, Feb. 22–26, 1999.
39. Joanne Glasner, ‘‘Enron: A bandwidth bloodbath,’’ Wired News, Nov. 30,
2001; http://www.wired.com/news/
40. Figures from Optical Society of America meetings department, see ‘‘38,000
flock to OFC 2001’’ in Optics and Photonics News (Verses 12, No. 5 (May 2001).
p. 49.
41. Reported in November 2001 Photonics Spectra, see http://www.
photonics.com/Spectra/Business/nov01/busForbes.asp.
42. Kiyoshi Fukuchi et al., ‘‘10.92 Tbit/s (273 � 40-Gbit/s) triple-band/ultradense
WDM optical repeatered transmission experiment,’’ postdeadline paper PD-
24; and Sebastien Bigo et al., ‘‘10.2 Tbit/s (256 � 42.7 Gbit/s, PDM/WDM transmission
over 100 km TeraLight fiber with 1.28 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency,’’
postdeadline paper PD-25, Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Mar. 22, 2001,
Anaheim, California (Optical Society of America). The spectral efficiency of 1.28
bit/s/Hertz was also a record.
43. B. Bakhshi et al., ‘‘1 Tbit/s (100 � 10 Gbit/s) transmission over transpacific
distance using 28 nm C-band EDFAs,’’ postdeadline paper PD21; G. Vareille
et al., ‘‘3 Tbit/s (300 � 11.6 Gbit/s) transmission over 7380 km using C � L
band with 25 GHz channel spacing and NRZ format,’’ both Optical Fiber Communication
Conference, Mar 22, 2001, Anaheim, California (Optical Society of
America). The numbers in the Alcatel experiment don’t multiply to exactly 3 Tbit/s
because they include extra bits added for error correction.
44. Optical Society of America, Photonics and Telecommunications Executive
Forum ‘‘Feeding the Beast,’’ March 17–19, 2001, notes by author.
45. The exact numbers depend on the price of the beer in your area, and it
only works for relatively cheap beer.