City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics

312 NOTES TO PAGES 174–178
95. A. G. Fox and W. D. Warters, ‘‘Waveguide research,’’ chap. 6 in Millman,
ed., A History of Engineering and Science (pp. 247–272).
96. William D. Smith, ‘‘AT&T forecasts record spending,’’ New York Times, Oct.
14, 1971, business section.
97. The Japanese—among the last to abandon millimeter waveguides—supplied
the rest of the waveguide needed to finish the array. O’Neill, ed., A History
of Science and Technology (pp. 623–647 on millimeter waveguide).
98. Roger Heckingbottom, interview, Dec. 1, 1994.
99. D. Merlo, ‘‘The millimetric waveguide system: the current situation,’’ Post
Office Electrical Engineer’s Journal 69, pt 1, pp. 34–37 (April 1976).
100. British Telecom Labs interview transcript, Dec. 1, 1994.
101. Richard Dyott, telephone interview, Jan. 11, 1994.
102. O’Neill, ed., A History of Science and Technology (p. 647 on millimeter
waveguide).
103. Harold Barlow, ‘‘Introductory address,’’ Conference on Trunk Telecommunications
by Guided Waves (Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, 1970,
pp. xi–xiv).
Chapter 14
1. Victor K. McElheny, ‘‘Threads of glass carry messages in new process,’’ New
York Times, Nov. 30, 1975, p. 62.
2. F. F. Roberts, ‘‘Optical communication today and tomorrow,’’ in Proceedings
Third European Conference on Optical Communications (VDE-Verlag, Berlin, 1977)
pp. 2–7, 1977). This is from the text of an invited opening paper that Roberts
prepared before his death.
3. Dorset Police, ‘‘Optical fiber communications,’’ press notice, undated, supplied
by Nortel.
4. Don Williams, telephone interview, Jan. 15, 1997; also Michael Moncaster,
telephone interview, Jan. 15, 1997.
5. Account from Murray Ramsay and Martin Chown interviews, Dec. 2, 1994;
Murray Ramsay, telephone interview, Jan. 22, 1997.
6. Martin Chown, telephone interview, Jan. 23, 1997.
7. ‘‘Optical fiber link for police computer,’’ Electronics Weekly, Sept. 24, 1975,
p. 3.
8. D. B. Keck, R. D. Maurer, and P. C. Schultz, ‘‘On the ultimate lower limit of
attenuation in glass optical waveguides,’’ Applied Physics Letters 22, No. 7,
pp. 307–309 (Apr. 1, 1973).
9. This intermediate speed was not used in America. The International Telecommunication
Union standard speeds used in Europe were 8.4, 34, and 140
million bits per second. The American standard leaped from 45 to 274 million
bits per second with no intermediate steps. R. W. Berry and R. C. Hooper, ‘‘Practical
design requirements for optical fiber transmission systems,’’ Optical Fiber Communications
(Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, 1975, conference proceedings
132; proceedings of first European Conference on Optical
Communications, held Sept. 16–18, 1975, London).
10. K. Kurokawa et al., ‘‘A 400 Mb/s experimental transmission system using
a graded-index fiber,’’ in Optical Fiber Communications.
11. Dick Dyott, telephone interview, Mar. 13, 1997.