City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics
City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics
City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics
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302 NOTES TO PAGES 129–140<br />
59. See Detlef Gloge, ‘‘Optical waveguide transmission,’’ Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the IEEE<br />
58, pp. 1513–1522 (Oct. 1970). He cites D. Marcuse and R. M. Derosier, ‘‘Mode<br />
conversion caused by diameter changes <strong>of</strong> a round dielectric waveguide,’’ Bell<br />
System Technical Journal 48, pp. 2103–2132 (Sept. 1969).<br />
60. Stewart E. Miller, ‘‘Optical communications research progress,’’ Science<br />
170, pp. 685–695 (Nov. 13, 1970).<br />
Chapter 11<br />
1. Robert Maurer, interview, Mar. 7, 1995.<br />
2. Ibid.<br />
3. David E. Fisher and Marshall Jon Fisher, Tube: <strong>The</strong> Invention <strong>of</strong> Television<br />
(Counterpoint, Washington, D.C., 1996).<br />
4. Peter Schultz, interview, May 17, 1995.<br />
5. Robert Kammer Cassetti, Corning Inc., ‘‘Pure silica glass: vitreous silica,’’<br />
memo dated Oct. 2, 1996, based on interviews with Hyde and others.<br />
6. David Pearson, telephone interview, Feb. 16, 1996.<br />
7. Schultz interview; Cassetti, ‘‘Pure silica glass.’’<br />
8. ‘‘<strong>Fiber</strong> <strong>Optics</strong>: Corning enters intriguing field,’’ Corning Gaffer, June 1965,<br />
pp. 1–2.<br />
9. Charles J. Lucy, telephone interview, Dec. 3, 1996.<br />
10. Maurer interview.<br />
11. Ibid.<br />
12. Robert Maurer, telephone interview, Jan. 19, 2000.<br />
13. Clifton Fonstad, telephone interview, June 5, 1996.<br />
14. Kriedl was an unusual character, an Austrian who had run a family glass<br />
factory in Czechoslovakia and married a princess, only to barely escape with a<br />
suitcase (and his wife) from the invading Nazis in 1938. He joined Bausch and<br />
Lomb, one <strong>of</strong> the old giants <strong>of</strong> traditional American optics, in time to head optical<br />
glass development during World War II. Full <strong>of</strong> energy when he retired from the<br />
company at 60, he was hired by Rutgers as the first glass specialist in the university’s<br />
ceramics program (Schultz, interview).<br />
15. Schultz, interview.<br />
16. Donald Keck, interview, Mar. 7, 1995.<br />
17. Felix Kapron, interview, June 12, 1995.<br />
18. Keck, interview.<br />
19. Lucy, telephone interview. Corning had a philosophy <strong>of</strong> forming industrial<br />
partnerships with companies with expertise in areas that complemented Corning’s<br />
glass technology. <strong>Fiber</strong>-optic communication systems would require cabled fiber,<br />
so cable companies were logical partners.<br />
20. Keck interview.<br />
21. Further heating crystallized the whole fiber, and crystalline quartz is neither<br />
as clear nor as flexible as disordered glass. Keck interview. Maurer, Jan. 19,<br />
2000, telephone interview.<br />
22. Ibid.<br />
23. Keck, e-mail to author, June 20, 2002.<br />
24. Maurer interview.<br />
25. Keck interview.<br />
26. Jack Cook, telephone interview, Jul. 9, 1997.<br />
27. <strong>The</strong> published abstract does not mention the low-loss fiber. <strong>The</strong> sentence