City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics

302 NOTES TO PAGES 129–140
59. See Detlef Gloge, ‘‘Optical waveguide transmission,’’ Proceedings of the IEEE
58, pp. 1513–1522 (Oct. 1970). He cites D. Marcuse and R. M. Derosier, ‘‘Mode
conversion caused by diameter changes of a round dielectric waveguide,’’ Bell
System Technical Journal 48, pp. 2103–2132 (Sept. 1969).
60. Stewart E. Miller, ‘‘Optical communications research progress,’’ Science
170, pp. 685–695 (Nov. 13, 1970).
Chapter 11
1. Robert Maurer, interview, Mar. 7, 1995.
2. Ibid.
3. David E. Fisher and Marshall Jon Fisher, Tube: The Invention of Television
(Counterpoint, Washington, D.C., 1996).
4. Peter Schultz, interview, May 17, 1995.
5. Robert Kammer Cassetti, Corning Inc., ‘‘Pure silica glass: vitreous silica,’’
memo dated Oct. 2, 1996, based on interviews with Hyde and others.
6. David Pearson, telephone interview, Feb. 16, 1996.
7. Schultz interview; Cassetti, ‘‘Pure silica glass.’’
8. ‘‘Fiber Optics: Corning enters intriguing field,’’ Corning Gaffer, June 1965,
pp. 1–2.
9. Charles J. Lucy, telephone interview, Dec. 3, 1996.
10. Maurer interview.
11. Ibid.
12. Robert Maurer, telephone interview, Jan. 19, 2000.
13. Clifton Fonstad, telephone interview, June 5, 1996.
14. Kriedl was an unusual character, an Austrian who had run a family glass
factory in Czechoslovakia and married a princess, only to barely escape with a
suitcase (and his wife) from the invading Nazis in 1938. He joined Bausch and
Lomb, one of the old giants of traditional American optics, in time to head optical
glass development during World War II. Full of energy when he retired from the
company at 60, he was hired by Rutgers as the first glass specialist in the university’s
ceramics program (Schultz, interview).
15. Schultz, interview.
16. Donald Keck, interview, Mar. 7, 1995.
17. Felix Kapron, interview, June 12, 1995.
18. Keck, interview.
19. Lucy, telephone interview. Corning had a philosophy of forming industrial
partnerships with companies with expertise in areas that complemented Corning’s
glass technology. Fiber-optic communication systems would require cabled fiber,
so cable companies were logical partners.
20. Keck interview.
21. Further heating crystallized the whole fiber, and crystalline quartz is neither
as clear nor as flexible as disordered glass. Keck interview. Maurer, Jan. 19,
2000, telephone interview.
22. Ibid.
23. Keck, e-mail to author, June 20, 2002.
24. Maurer interview.
25. Keck interview.
26. Jack Cook, telephone interview, Jul. 9, 1997.
27. The published abstract does not mention the low-loss fiber. The sentence