Untitled - International Rice Research Institute

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Contents Foreword Preface v vi INTRODUCTION 1 FUNCTIONS OF SEED HEALTH TESTING 3 Cataloguing pathogens of crops 3 Detection methods 3 Post introduction measures 5 THE MISSING LINK 6 Epidemiology 6 Disease and infection cycles 7 Seed transmission 8 Relationship between seedborne inoculum and 9 disease development in the field Inoculum level and inoculum thresholds 9 Risk analysis 10 Microorganisms associated with seed 11 SEED HEALTH MANAGEMENT FOR CROP PRODUCTION 12 IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI DETECTED ON RICE SEED 13 Seedborne fungi causing foliage diseases in rice 14 Alternaria padwickii 14 Bipolaris oryzae 17 Cercospora janseana 21 Microdochium oryzae 24 Pyricularia oryzae 27 Seedborne fungi causing stem, leaf sheath, and root diseases in rice 31 Fusarium moniliforme 31 Sarocladium oryzae 35 Seedborne fungi causing grain and infloresence diseases in rice 38 Curvularia sp. 38 Fusarium solani 42 Nigrospora sp. 44 Phoma sorghina 47 Pinatubo oryzae 51 Tilletia barclayana 53 Other fungi detected on rice seeds 57 Acremoniella atra 58 Acremoniella verrucosa 58 iii
Alternaria longissima 59 Alternaria tenuissima 59 Aspergillus clavatus 60 Aspergillus flavus-oryzae 60 Aspergillus niger 61 Chaetomium globosum 61 Cladosporium sp. 62 Curvularia eragrostidis 62 Dreclslera hawaiiensis 63 Epicoccum purpurascens 63 Fusarium avenaceum 64 Fusarium equiseti 65 Fusarium larvarum 66 Fusarium nivale 66 Fusarium semitectum 67 Gilmaniella humicola 67 Memnoniella sp. 68 Microascus cirrosus 68 Monodictys putredinis 69 Myrothecium sp. 70 Nakataea sigmoidea 70 Nectria haematococca 71 Papularia sphaerosperma 71 Penicillium sp. 72 Pestalotia sp. 73 Phaeoseptoria sp. 74 Phaeotrichoconis crotolariae 74 Pithomyces sp. 75 Pyrenochaeta sp. 75 Rhizopus sp. 76 Septogloeum sp. 76 Sordaria fimicola 77 Spinulospora pucciniiphila 77 Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa 78 Taeniolina sp. 78 Tetraploa aristata 79 Trichoderma sp. 79 Trichothecium sp. 81 Tritirachium sp. 81 Ulocladium botrytis 80 REFERENCES 82 iv
Page 4 and 5: Introduction The purpose of seed he
Page 6 and 7: Functions of seed health testing Se
Page 8 and 9: % infected seed lots 100 80 60 40 2
Page 10 and 11: Table 3. Pathogen profiles closely
Page 12 and 13: Table 4. Germination (%) of untreat
Page 14 and 15: Microorganisms associated with seed
Page 16 and 17: Identification of fungi detected on
Page 18 and 19: Detection frequency (%) 100 80 60 4
Page 20 and 21: moderately fast and attain a 4.32-c
Page 22 and 23: Detection frequency (%) 120 100 Eas
Page 24 and 25: They are feathery to slightly fluff
Page 26 and 27: Observed frequency (%) 120 100 80 6
Page 28 and 29: Frequency level (%) 120 100 East As
Page 30 and 31: a 4.90-cm diam in 5 d. They are eve
Page 32 and 33: Detection frequency (%) 90 80 East
Page 34 and 35: gray, becoming dark near the margin
Page 36 and 37: Detection frequency (%) 100 80 East
Page 38 and 39: Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams
Page 40 and 41: a b c e f d f Fig. 35. Habit charac
Page 42 and 43: Fig. 38. Occurrence of black kernel
Page 44 and 45: a b d → → → e → f → f →
Page 46 and 47: d a b e → → → → → f c g h
Page 48 and 49: Fig. 46. Occurrence of minute leaf
Page 50 and 51: of the agar plate appears slightly
Page 52 and 53:
Detection frequency (%) 120 100 Eas
Page 54 and 55:
Pinatubo oryzae Manandhar & Mew Dis
Page 56 and 57:
ange with orange. The pionnotes are
Page 58 and 59:
Detection frequency (%) 70 60 East
Page 60 and 61:
Other fungi detected on rice seeds
Page 62 and 63:
a b e c d Fig. 65. Habit character
Page 64 and 65:
a d d b c Fig. 69. Habit character
Page 66 and 67:
→ → → a b f f e d e e c f Fig
Page 68 and 69:
a b a Fig. 76. Habit character of F
Page 70 and 71:
a b d c d e e Fig. 79. Habit charac
Page 72 and 73:
a b c → → → d → Fig. 83. Ha
Page 74 and 75:
→ → → a b d c Fig. 86. Habit
Page 76 and 77:
a b c Fig. 89. Habit character of P
Page 78 and 79:
a b d c e Fig. 92. Habit character
Page 80 and 81:
→ → → → a b e f → c d Fig
Page 82 and 83:
a b c d Fig. 100. Habit character o
Page 84 and 85:
→ → → → → → a → →
Page 86:
Savary S, Willocquet L, Elazegui FA
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Untitled - International Rice Research Institute

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