Untitled - International Rice Research Institute

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Detection frequency (%) 120 100 East Asia Europe Latin America South Asia Southeast Asia Sub-Saharan Africa 80 60 40 20 0 Detection level (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year Fig. 10. Detection frequency (a) and level (b) of Bipolaris oryzae from imported untreated seeds, 1990-97. 16.10 µ (PDA); 4–11 septate, 43.47–101.43 µ × 12.19–16.10 µ (PSA); and 5–11 septate, 59.80– 106.03 µ × 10.12–16.33 µ (MEA). Colony characters on culture media (Fig. 13) Colonies on PDA at ART (28–30 °C) grow slowly and attain a 3.38-cm diam in 5 d. They are azonated with sinuate margins, hairy at the center, becoming cottony toward the margin, yellowish gray at the center and gray toward the margin, and becoming grayish olive with age. The colony appears azonated and black on the reverse side of the agar plate. At 21 °C under alternating 12-h NUV light and 12-h darkness, colonies grow very slowly and attain a 2.38-cm diam in 5 d. They are fluffy, azonated with uneven margins, with olive gray aerial mycelia, becoming dark olive gray outward. The colony on the reverse side of the agar plate appears azonated and black. At 28 °C under alternating 12-h fluorescent light and 12-h darkness, colonies grow very slowly and attain a 2.53-cm diam in 5 d. They are fluffy with nil to scanty aerial mycelia, azonated with uneven margins, and olive black with 3.0-mm light gray advancing mycelia. The colony appears azonated and black with light gray margins on the reverse side of the agar plate. Colonies on PSA incubated at ART (28–30 °C) grow moderately fast and attain a 4.48-cm diam in 5 d. They are fluffy, azonated with sinuate margins, and grayish yellow at the center, becoming dark olive gray outward. The colony appears azonated and olive black to black on the reverse side of the agar 19
→ d e a e b d e d d e→ c Fig. 11. Habit character of Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoem. on (a) whole seed (10X), (b) sterile lemmas (40X), and (c) awn portion (40X). Photomicrograph of B. oryzae showing (d) conidiophore and (e) conidia at 10X and 40X. Observed frequency (%) 40 30 20 10 0 Sterile lemmas Awn Partition bet. lemma and palea Entire seed Lemma/ palea only or both Seed part Fig. 12. Observed frequency of Bipolaris oryzae occurrence on the seed. Fig. 13. Plate cultures of Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoem. showing colony growths on PDA, PSA, and MEA incubated at ART, 21 °C, and 28 °C at 15 d after inoculation. plate. At 21 °C under alternating 12-h NUV light and 12-h darkness, colonies spread moderately fast and attain a 4.62-cm diam in 5 d. They are fluffy, zonated with sinuate margins, and dark olive gray with olive gray mycelial tufts and 4-mm grayish advancing mycelia. The colony appears slightly zonated to zonated, black, and becomes dark olive gray outward on the reverse side of the agar plate. At 28 °C under alternating 12-h fluorescent light and 12-h darkness, colonies grow fast and attain a 5.10 cm diam in 5 d. 20
Page 2 and 3: Contents Foreword Preface v vi INTR
Page 4 and 5: Introduction The purpose of seed he
Page 6 and 7: Functions of seed health testing Se
Page 8 and 9: % infected seed lots 100 80 60 40 2
Page 10 and 11: Table 3. Pathogen profiles closely
Page 12 and 13: Table 4. Germination (%) of untreat
Page 14 and 15: Microorganisms associated with seed
Page 16 and 17: Identification of fungi detected on
Page 18 and 19: Detection frequency (%) 100 80 60 4
Page 20 and 21: moderately fast and attain a 4.32-c
Page 24 and 25: They are feathery to slightly fluff
Page 26 and 27: Observed frequency (%) 120 100 80 6
Page 28 and 29: Frequency level (%) 120 100 East As
Page 30 and 31: a 4.90-cm diam in 5 d. They are eve
Page 32 and 33: Detection frequency (%) 90 80 East
Page 34 and 35: gray, becoming dark near the margin
Page 38 and 39: Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams
Page 40 and 41: a b c e f d f Fig. 35. Habit charac
Page 42 and 43: Fig. 38. Occurrence of black kernel
Page 44 and 45: a b d → → → e → f → f →
Page 46 and 47: d a b e → → → → → f c g h
Page 48 and 49: Fig. 46. Occurrence of minute leaf
Page 50 and 51: of the agar plate appears slightly
Page 52 and 53: Detection frequency (%) 120 100 Eas
Page 54 and 55: Pinatubo oryzae Manandhar & Mew Dis
Page 56 and 57: ange with orange. The pionnotes are
Page 60 and 61: Other fungi detected on rice seeds
Page 62 and 63: a b e c d Fig. 65. Habit character
Page 64 and 65: a d d b c Fig. 69. Habit character
Page 66 and 67: → → → a b f f e d e e c f Fig
Page 68 and 69: a b a Fig. 76. Habit character of F
Page 70 and 71: a b d c d e e Fig. 79. Habit charac
Page 72 and 73:
a b c → → → d → Fig. 83. Ha
Page 74 and 75:
→ → → a b d c Fig. 86. Habit
Page 76 and 77:
a b c Fig. 89. Habit character of P
Page 78 and 79:
a b d c e Fig. 92. Habit character
Page 80 and 81:
→ → → → a b e f → c d Fig
Page 82 and 83:
a b c d Fig. 100. Habit character o
Page 84 and 85:
→ → → → → → a → →
Page 86:
Savary S, Willocquet L, Elazegui FA
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Untitled - International Rice Research Institute

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