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Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

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attention-seeking <strong>and</strong> indiscriminately friendly behaviour, poorly modulated peer<br />

interactions; depending on circumstances there may also be associated emotional<br />

or behavioural disturbance.<br />

Affectionless psychopathy<br />

Institutional syndrome<br />

Excludes: Asperger's syndrome ( F84.5 )<br />

hospitalism in children ( F43.2 )<br />

hyperkinetic disorders ( F90.- )<br />

reactive attachment disorder of childhood ( F94 .l)<br />

F94.8 Other childhood disorders of social functioning<br />

F94.9 Childhood disorder of social functioning, unspecified<br />

F95<br />

Tic disorders<br />

Syndromes in which the predominant manifestation is some form of tic. A tic is<br />

an involuntary, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement (usually involving<br />

circumscribed muscle groups) or vocal production that is of sudden onset <strong>and</strong> that<br />

serves no apparent purpose. Tics tend to be experienced as irresistible but usually<br />

they can be suppressed for varying periods of time, are exacerbated by stress, <strong>and</strong><br />

disappear during sleep. Common simple motor tics include only eye-blinking,<br />

neck-jerking, shoulder- shrugging, <strong>and</strong> facial grimacing. Common simple vocal<br />

tics include throat-clearing, barking, sniffing, <strong>and</strong> hissing. Common complex tics<br />

include hitting oneself, jumping, <strong>and</strong> hopping. Common complex vocal tics<br />

include the repetition of particular words, <strong>and</strong> sometimes the use of socially<br />

unacceptable (often obscene) words (coprolalia), <strong>and</strong> the repetition of one's own<br />

sounds or words (palilalia).<br />

F95.0 Transient tic disorder<br />

Meets the general criteria for a tic disorder but the tics do not persist longer than<br />

12 months. The tics usually take the form of eye-blinking, facial grimacing, or<br />

head-jerking.<br />

F95.1 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder<br />

Meets the general criteria for a tic disorder, in which there are motor or vocal tics<br />

(but not both), that may be either single or multiple (but usually multiple), <strong>and</strong><br />

last for more than a year.<br />

F95.2 Combined vocal <strong>and</strong> multiple motor tic disorder [de la Tourette]<br />

A form of tic disorder in which there are, or have been, multiple motor tics <strong>and</strong><br />

one or more vocal tics, although these need not have occurred concurrently. The<br />

disorder usually worsens during adolescence <strong>and</strong> tends to persist into adult life.<br />

The vocal tics are often multiple with explosive repetitive vocalizations, throatclearing,<br />

<strong>and</strong> grunting, <strong>and</strong> there may be the use of obscene words or phrases.<br />

Sometimes there is associated gestural echopraxia which may also be of an<br />

obscene nature (copropraxia).<br />

F95.8 Other tic disorders<br />

F95.9 Tic disorder, unspecified<br />

Tic NOS<br />

226 WHO’s ICD-10

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