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Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

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motor <strong>and</strong> language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary<br />

complications include dissocial behaviour <strong>and</strong> low self-esteem.<br />

Excludes: anxiety disorders ( F41.- )<br />

mood [affective] disorders ( F30-F39 )<br />

pervasive developmental disorders ( F84.- )<br />

schizophrenia ( F20.- )<br />

F90.0 Disturbance of activity <strong>and</strong> attention<br />

Attention deficit:<br />

· disorder with hyperactivity<br />

· hyperactivity disorder<br />

· syndrome with hyperactivity<br />

Excludes: hyperkinetic disorder associated with conduct disorder ( F90.1 )<br />

F90.1 Hyperkinetic conduct disorder<br />

Hyperkinetic disorder associated with conduct disorder<br />

F90.8 Other hyperkinetic disorders<br />

F90.9 Hyperkinetic disorder, unspecified<br />

Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood or adolescence NOS<br />

Hyperkinetic syndrome NOS<br />

F91<br />

Conduct disorders<br />

Disorders characterized by a repetitive <strong>and</strong> persistent pattern of dissocial,<br />

aggressive, or defiant conduct. Such behaviour should amount to major violations<br />

of age-appropriate social expectations; it should therefore be more severe than<br />

ordinary childish mischief or adolescent rebelliousness <strong>and</strong> should imply an<br />

enduring pattern of behaviour (six months or longer). Features of conduct<br />

disorder can also be symptomatic of other psychiatric conditions, in which case<br />

the underlying diagnosis should be preferred.<br />

Examples of the behaviours on which the diagnosis is based include excessive<br />

levels of fighting or bullying, cruelty to other people or animals, severe<br />

destructiveness to property, fire-setting, stealing, repeated lying, truancy from<br />

school <strong>and</strong> running away from home, unusually frequent <strong>and</strong> severe temper<br />

tantrums, <strong>and</strong> disobedience. Any one of these behaviours, if marked, is sufficient<br />

for the diagnosis, but isolated dissocial acts are not.<br />

Excludes: mood [affective] ( F30-F39 )<br />

pervasive developmental disorders ( F84.- )<br />

schizophrenia ( F20.- )<br />

when associated with:<br />

· emotional disorders ( F92.- )<br />

· hyperkinetic disorders ( F90.1 )<br />

F91.0 Conduct disorder confined to the family context<br />

Conduct disorder involving dissocial or aggressive behaviour (<strong>and</strong> not merely<br />

oppositional, defiant, disruptive behaviour), in which the abnormal behaviour is<br />

entirely, or almost entirely, confined to the home <strong>and</strong> to interactions with<br />

members of the nuclear family or immediate household. The disorder requires<br />

that the overall criteria for F91.- be met; even severely disturbed parent-child<br />

relationships are not of themselves sufficient for diagnosis.<br />

222 WHO’s ICD-10

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