P. HISTORY OF ' AATHEMATICAL - School of Mathematics

HINDU-ARABIC NUMERALS 59
Thomas Blundeville (1636)' writes 519361649. Tonstall2 writes
4 3 2 1 0
3210987654321. Clavius3 writes 42329089562800. Chr. Rudolff4 writes
23405639567. Johann Caramue15 separates the digits, as in ''34 : 252,-
Integri. Partes.
341;154,329"; W. Oughtred16 9\876)5431210i2~~16~81s; K. Schott7,
I11 I1 I 0
Karstenlg 872 094,826 152,870 364,008; I. A. de Segnerllo 5(329"1870(
325'17431 297", 174; Thomas DilworthlL1 789 789 789; Nicolas PikelL2
3 2 1..
356;809,379;120,406;129,763; Charles Hutton1l3 281,427,307; E.
BB~out,~~ 23, 456, 789, 234, 565,456.
In M. Lemosl Portuguese ency~lopedia~~ the population of New
Mr. Blundewil, His Exercises contayning eight Treatises (7th ed., Ro. Hartwell;
London, 1636), p. 106.
De Arte Svppvtandi, libri patvor Cvtheberti Tonstalli (Argentorati), Colophon
1544, p. 5.
a Christophori Clavii epitome arithmetieae practicae (Romae, 1583), p. 7.
Kunstliche Rechnung mil der Ziffer (Augsburg, 1574[?]), Aiij B.
5 Joannis Caramvelis mathesis biceps, vetus el nova (Companiae [southeast of
Naples], 1670), p. 7. The passage is as follows: "Punctum finale ( . ) est, quod ponitur
post unitatem: ut cilm scribimus 23. viginti tria. Comma (,) post millenarium
scribitur .... ut cilm scribimus, 23,424. .... Millenarium B centenario disf
,.... Hypo-
tinguere alios populos docent Hispani, qui utuntur hoc charactere 1
colon (:) millionem B millenario separat, ut cam scribimus 2;041,311. Duo puncta
ponuntur post billionem, seu millionem millionurn, videlicet 34: 252,341 ;154,329.1J
Caramuel waa born in Madrid. For biographical sketch see Revista matedtica
Hispano-American, Vol. I (1919), p. 121, 178, 203.
"lavia mathematicae (London, 1652), p. 1 (1st ed., 1631).
CUTBW muthemuticu~ (Herbipoli, 1661), p. 23.
Arithm&ique (new ed.; Park, 1732)) p. 6.
0 Mathesis theoretierr elemeniari-s alpe svblimkw (Rostochii, 1760), p. 195.
lo Elemata arithmeticae geometriae et calculi geometrici (2d ed.; Halle, 1767),
p. 13.
l1 Schoolmaster's Assistani (22d ed.; London, 1784), p. 3.
* New and Complete System oj Arithmetic (Newburyport, 1788), p. 18.
* "Numeration," Mathemdid and Philosophical Dielionary (London, 1795).
l4 Cours de mathbmaliqws (Paris, 1797), Vol. I, p. 6.
16 "Portugal," Encyclopedia Portuguem Illuatradu . . . . de Maximiano Lernos
@'orto).