INDICA ET TIBETICA Festschrift für Michael Hahn

WIENER STUDIEN ZUR TIBETOLOGIE UND BUDDHISMUSKUNDE
HEFT 66
INDICA ET TIBETICA
Festschrift für Michael Hahn
Zum 65. Geburtstag
von Freunden und Schülern
überreicht
HERAUSGEGEBEN VON
KONRAD KLAUS UND JENS-UWE HARTMANN
ARBEITSKREIS FÜR TIBETISCHE UND BUDDHISTISCHE STUDIEN UNIVERSITÄT WIEN
WIEN 2007

WIENER STUDIEN
ZUR TIBETOLOGIE UND BUDDHISMUSKUNDE
GEGRÜNDET VON
ERNST STEINKELLNER
HERAUSGEGEBEN VON
BIRGIT KELLNER, HELMUT KRASSER,
HELMUT TAUSCHER
HEFT 66
WIEN 2007
ARBEITSKREIS FÜR TIBETISCHE UND BUDDHISTISCHE STUDIEN
UNIVERSITÄT WIEN

INDICA ET TIBETICA
Festschrift für Michael Hahn
Zum 65. Geburtstag
von Freunden und Schülern
überreicht
HERAUSGEGEBEN VON
KONRAD KLAUS UND JENS-UWE HARTMANN
WIEN 2007
ARBEITSKREIS FÜR TIBETISCHE UND BUDDHISTISCHE STUDIEN
UNIVERSITÄT WIEN

Inhaltsverzeichnis
Verzeichnis der Schriften von Michael Hahn ................... 13
AN¨LAYO
Who said it? Authorship Disagreements between P¢li and
Chinese Discourses .................................. 25
NALINI BALBIR
À propos des hymnes jaina multilingues (sanskrit, prakrit, persan)...............................................
39
CHRISTINE CHOJNACKI
Les dialogues dans le Kuvalayam¢l¢. L'inventivité d'Uddyotana
au service de la foi jaina........................... 63
RAHUL PETER DAS
On the P¢da-End Break in ¹lokas of ¨yurvedic Sa¾hit¢s .... 85
SIGLINDE DIETZ
The Saptas‹ryodayas‹tra ............................. 93
DRAGOMIR DIMITROV
Ratn¢kara¡¢nti's Chandoratn¢kara and Tath¢gatad¢sa's
Chandom¢½ikya .................................... 113
AKIMICHI EDA
Freigebigkeit in Bezug auf Frauen?! Eine Untersuchung zu
den Quellen der Ratn¢val¤ des N¢g¢rjuna ................ 139
GERHARD EHLERS
Sieben Seher, sieben Wasser .......................... 145
FRANZ-KARL EHRHARD
A Short History of the g.Yu thog snying thig .............. 151
HELMUT EIMER
Die Liste der Mah¢y¢na-Texte im tibetischen Nandimitra-
Avad¢na .......................................... 171
KARL-HEINZ GOLZIO
¹iva nur noch auf Platz Zwei!? Der Buddhismus des Angkor-
Herrschers Jayavarman VII. und die Integration des Hinduismus..............................................
183

10 Inhaltsverzeichnis
ALBRECHT HANISCH
New Evidence of A¡vagho¼a´s S‹tr¢la¾k¢ra: Quotations
from the mDo sde rgyan of gan la phan pa'i dbyaËs in the
Tibetan Version of Dharmak¤rti's J¢takam¢l¢¿¤k¢ ......... 193
JÜRGEN HANNEDER
Vasubandhus Vi¾¡atik¢ 12 anhand der Sanskrit- und tibetischen
Fassungen ................................... 207
PAUL HARRISON
The Case of the Vanishing Poet. New Light on ¹¢ntideva and
the ¹ik¼¢-samuccaya ................................ 215
JENS-UWE HARTMANN
Ein Schauspielfragment aus Afghanistan ................ 249
MONIKA HORSTMANN
Caukasr¢ms Vermächtnis ............................ 259
TAKASHI IWATA
Dharmak¤rti's Interpretation of the Word i¼¿a in the Definition
of the Thesis....................................... 275
PETER KHOROCHE
On the Vocabulary of ¨rya-¹‹ra´s J¢takam¢l¢ ............ 289
SIGNE KIRDE
Wieviele Wirkungen hat Schlangengift? Bemerkungen zur
Toxikologie im Schauspiel Bhagavadajjuka .............. 295
KONRAD KLAUS
Zu der formelhaften Einleitung der buddhistischen S‹tras . . . 309
KLAUS-DIETER MATHES
The Ontological Status of the Dependent ( paratantra) in the
Sa¾dhinirmocanas‹tra and the Vy¢khy¢yukti ............. 323
MAREK MEJOR
A Tibetan Prose Version of K¼emendra's Bodhisattv¢vad¢nakalpalat¢
X: Garbh¢vakr¢ntyavad¢na .................. 341
ADELHEID METTE
Buddhistische Sanskritstrophen aus dem Rotkuppelraum der
Ming-öi von Qizil: Proben aus der Fragmentsammlung SHT
25 ............................................... 351
ULRICH PAGEL
St‹pa Festivals in Buddhist Narrative Literature ........... 369

Inhaltsverzeichnis 11
BHIKKHU P¨S¨DIKA
The Ekottar¢gama Parallel to J¢taka 77 ................. 395
ULRIKE ROESLER
Materialien zur Redaktionsgeschichte des mDzaËs blun: Die
Selbstaufopferung des Prinzen Suj¢ta ................... 405
LAMBERT SCHMITHAUSEN
Zur Frage, ob ein Bodhisattva unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen
in einer neutralen Geisteshaltung (avy¢k’ta-citta) töten
darf.............................................. 423
JOHANNES SCHNEIDER
Candragomins ¨yurvardhanavidhi. Ein Ritual zur Erzielung
eines langen Lebens................................. 441
PETER SCHWIEGER
A Glance at the Problematic Relations Between Different
Buddhist Traditions in Tibet .......................... 453
FRANCESCO SFERRA
Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ ............... 459
JAYANDRA SONI
Anek¢ntav¢da Revisited ) for do¼as .................... 477
ULRIKE STARK
Makkhanl¢l's Sukhsagar (1846/47): The First Complete Version
of the Bh¢gavata Pur¢½a in Modern Hindi Prose? ..... 491
ROLAND STEINER
Das Œdreifache Leiden– in S¢¾khyak¢rik¢ 1 .............. 507
MARTIN STRAUBE
Die Adaptation von K¼emendras Sudhanakinnaryavad¢na im
Bhadrakalp¢vad¢na ................................. 521
RAFFAELE TORELLA
Studies on Utpaladeva's ª¡varapratyabhijñ¢-viv’ti. Part II:
What is Memory? .................................. 539
HELGA UEBACH
Geheime Wörter und Zeichen aus dem Kreis der Heruka-
Tantras ........................................... 565
CLAUS VOGEL
The Propitiation of the Planets in Indian Ritual and Allied
Literature with Special Reference to Colours and Flowers . . . 587

12 Inhaltsverzeichnis
NOBUYUKI YAMAGIWA
Vinaya Manuscripts: State of the Field .................. 607

Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ 1
FRANCESCO SFERRA, Naples
Introductory Notes
In addition to the Vimalaprabh¢ (Q # 2064), a commentary on the Laghuk¢lacakratantra
and his greatest and most celebrated work, Pu½Îar¤ka
(10th!11th cent.) wrote three other texts: two commentaries, the K¢lacakratantragarbhav’tti
(Q # 4608), which is a short gloss on the ¹r¤k¢lacakragarbhatantra
(Q # 6), and the ¨ryamañju¡r¤n¢masa¾g¤ti¿¤k¢vimalaprabh¢
(Q # 2114); and an independent work, the ¹r¤param¢rthasev¢ (Q #
2
2065), a brief text of 344 upaj¢ti stanzas, which deals with the main doctrines
of the K¢lacakra system.
We do not know exactly when the latter was written, but it may well
have been composed in the early decades of the 11th cent. The fact that
stanzas from the Param¢rthasev¢ do not appear in the earliest K¢lacakra
works, i.e., the Laghutantra¿¤k¢ by Vajrap¢½i, the Hevajratantrapi½Î¢rtha-
¿¤k¢ by Vajragarbha and the Vimalaprabh¢ by Pu½Îar¤ka himself ) which
were probably written between the end of the 10th and the beginning of the
11th cent. ) suggests, but does not demonstrate, that the work was composed
during the period immediately following the initial diffusion of the system,
and probably after the Vimalaprabh¢. The terminus ante quem is fixed
by the quotation of stanza 204 in the Sekodde¡a¿¤k¢ by N¢rop¢ (d. 1040)
(ed. SFERRA & MERZAGORA 2006: 181, 369) and by the translation from
Sanskrit into Tibetan by the Ka¡m¤rian Soman¢tha (Zla ba'i mgon po) in
the 2nd half of the 11th cent. 3
1
I would like to thank PROF. SILVIO VITA, PROF. RANIERO GNOLI, PROF. DR. HARUNAGA
ISAACSON and PROF. CRISTINA ANNA SCHERRER-SCHAUB for their advice and suggestions,
DR. ROBERTA STRIPPOLI, who helped me to read SAKAI SHINTEN's paper in Japanese, and
SUSAN ANN WHITE for her assistance in revising the English text.
2
In actual fact, Bu ston (1290!1364) questions and mKhas grub rje (1385!1438) rejects
the attribution of this work to Pu½Îar¤ka (JOHN NEWMAN, personal communication).
3
Soman¢tha arrived in Tibet in 1064 AD (see NEWMAN 1987: 92). See also NAUDOU
1968: 161!163 and OROFINO 1994: 21, n. 54.

460 FRANCESCO SFERRA
It may be said that this short work enjoyed a certain success, which is
evident from the fact that some of its stanzas are quoted in the Gu½abhara½¤
(pp. 85, 87) and the Am’taka½ik¢ (p. 95) by Ravi¡r¤jñ¢na (11th!12th
cent.), in the anonymous Subh¢¼itasa¾graha (pp. 26f.) and in the Kriy¢samuccaya
by Jagaddarpa½a (alias Darpa½¢c¢rya) (fols. 2v, 3r), and that it
is mentioned several times in the Deb ther sËon po by gÃon nu dpal
4
(1392!1481). Notwithstanding this, the Sanskrit text of the work has not
come down to us in its entirety. In fact, the only work by Pu½Îar¤ka that is
integrally extant in the original is the Vimalaprabh¢, of which the editio
princeps was recently published in the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan
5
Studies (Sarnath) series. The K¢lacakratantragarbhav’tti and the ¨ryamañju¡r¤n¢masa¾g¤ti¿¤k¢vimalaprabh¢
are extant just in Tibetan translations.
Of the Param¢rthasev¢, we currently only have a) citations in other
works; b) a fragment, relatively long, contained in a Nepalese manuscript in
the National Archives of Kathmandu, which was recently identified by
JOHN R. NEWMAN (1998: 314, n. 5) ) this MS, which is kept under the title
K¢lacakratantra (MS No. 5!7235 = Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation
Project Mf. No. B30/31), and contains stanzas 5!46c, 55!81c, is referred
to below with the letter N; c) two partial transcriptions of a second
manuscript of the work that, as we shall see, was kept, at least till 1914, in
the Gaomingsi Monastery on Mount Tiantai in the province of Zhejiang,
China.
Neither transcription was done directly from the manuscript, but from
photographs of a part of it. The history of these photographs and relative
transcriptions is not unimportant for future research on the text, and it is
worth resuming briefly here.
The first transcription, by FRANZ KIELHORN, consists of stanzas 9!22
6
(fol. 2 recto and verso) and the colophon (fol. 24 verso), and was done in
1894 on the basis of some photographs that A. OTTO FRANKE took in Autumn
1893. In actual fact, FRANKE photographed fragments of three Sanskrit
works. Apart from the Param¢rthasev¢, he took pictures of the second
4
Cf. ROERICH 1949: 527, 640, 766, 779, 838.
5
This edition was based on 6 MSS. In July 2005 I identified, in the Museo Nazionale di
Arte Orientale in Rome, another ancient and important MS of the work, which belonged to
GIUSEPPE TUCCI and was recently donated to the museum together with a MS of the A¼¿as¢hasrik¢prajñ¢p¢ramit¢
and other important works of art. I briefly described the former
MS in East and West 45 (1995) on the basis of a Mf. kept in the Istituto Italiano per l'Africa
e l'Oriente Library (Rome) [Mf. 2.3 = CD-AAC].
6
Folio 2r contains six lines and folio 2v five lines.

Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ 461
folio (recto and verso) of a MS containing a portion of the anonymous
7
Sekodde¡apañjik¢, and a picture of an unnumbered folio of a MS reproducing
the first stanzas of some works by K¢lid¢sa. FRANKE sent his photos
with a letter to his friend and former teacher on 30th April 1894. In a short
paper published on 16th June of that year, in the “Correspondence” column
in Academy (No. 1154), KIELHORN reproduced an excerpt of the accompanying
letter that FRANKE had sent him together with the photographs; he
8
divided in four groups the fragments that FRANKE had documented (A
[Param¢rthasev¢], B [Sekodde¡apañjik¢], C [colophon of A] and D [quotations
from K¢lid¢sa's works]); he described them briefly (p. 934); he
established on the basis of a paleographic examination that they had been
written in the 2nd half of the 12th cent. in Nepal (ABC) and in the 13th
cent. in Bengal (D) (pp. 934f.) and, finally he transcribed them, although
9
unable to identify them precisely. As pointed out by LOUIS FINOT (1934: 2,
n. 3), he was unable to ascertain that fragment C was not, as he had hypothesized,
the colophon of fragment B, but of fragment A. Neither FRAN-
10
KE's scant comment nor KIELHORN's succinct description enables us to determine
how many of the twenty folios of which the codex was then composed,
belong to the Param¢rthasev¢ and to the Sekodde¡apañjik¢.
The second transcription was done by WATANABE KAIKYOKU and consists
of some words drawn from the last stanzas of the text (stt. 334!336,
343!344) and, once again, the colophon. WATANABE used photographs he
had received from SUZUKI DAISETSU, which had been taken by HEINRICH
FRIEDRICH HACKMANN ) we do not know exactly when, but most likely
before he returned to Europe in 1904. From April 1894 until October 1901,
the latter was the pastor of the German Protestant Congregation in Shang-
7
This folio comprises the commentary ad Sekodde¡a 3!9; cf. edition pp. 38!40.
8
“[...] The only old MS. which has yet been found is in a small dilapidated Buddhist
monastery in the mountainous wilds of the T`ien t`ai shan, in the province of Chekiang,
about 125 English miles south-west of the port of Ningpo, where it was seen by Dr. Edkins
about thirty years ago. Last autumn I set out to have a look at the MS. myself, and I am
sending you now a few results of my expedition. I have photographed a portion of the MS.,
which consists of twenty palm-leaves, and is evidently incomplete, and have copied other
parts; and what I am sending are photographs of both sides of the first and second leaves,
and tracings of the concluding lines on page 24, as well as of the writing on a leaf which is
not numbered” (cf. KIELHORN 1894: 933). This passage is also quoted in FINOT 1933: 829.
9
E.B. COWELL suggested to him that they could be K¢lacakra works (KIELHORN 1894:
935).
10
SYLVAIN LÉVI was the first to identify the content of fragment B (cf. FINOT 1934: 3, n.
2).

462 FRANCESCO SFERRA
hai and between 1901 and 1903 he travelled through South and Southwest
11
China to Burma. WATANABE published his transcription with an introduction
and a comment in the journal T¥y¥ tetsugaku in 1908 (No. 15!10).
Additions and corrections to the original paper were published in a later
issue in 1909 (No. 16!3). The two papers were published again in the first
volume of his collected works entitled Kogetsu zensh‹, on pages 550!560
and 561!563 respectively, in 1933.
The MS seen by FRANKE and HACKMANN was photographed a third time
by HENRI MASPERO in 1914 during an archeological survey he made in
Southern China. He is the only one who gives us the exact name of the
monastery where the manuscript was kept, but he tells us nothing about its
content and possible titles or colophons; nor does he mention any of the
scholars who preceded him. It was FINOT who, after studying MASPERO's
photos, realized that the manuscript examined by his French colleague was
the same one that FRANKE (and HACKMANN) had photographed. On the
basis of MASPERO's photographs, FINOT republished fragment D accompanied
by a brief essay (1933) in which he observes that the fragment had deteriorated
in the course of about twenty years: some ak¼aras that KIELHORN
was still able to read after centuries, had already disappeared (p. 831).
MASPERO's description, though brief, contains some important new details,
and we quote it in full here (1914: 63f.):
Du Kouo-ts'ing sseu on arrive en quelques heures au Kao-ming sseu, qui est
au fond d'une vallée étroite, au-delà du premier contrefort du T'ien-t'ai chan.
Il produit une impression assez misérable [...]. C'est néanmoins celui qui
contient les monuments archéologiques les plus intéressants de la montagne,
des reliques de Tche-yi, le fondateur du temple : son patra, et le k¢¼aya que
lui donna l'empereur Yang des Souei, et surtout un manuscrit indien sur
olles. [...] Le manuscrit indien sur olles se compose de dix-neuf feuilles, dont
une, visiblement écrite d'une autre main, doit provenir d'un ouvrage différent.
Il est conservé dans une boîte en bois qui porte un titre en caractères
indiens, et deux légendes en chinois. Chaque feuille est placée sur un petit
plateau très mince en bois de santal ; à l'époque où ces plaques furent faites,
le manuscrit était déjà abîmé, et le creux fait dans le bois suivait exactement
les déchirures de chaque olle ; aujourd'hui il est plus détérioré encore.
m
Chaque feuille a environ 0 32 de long sur 0, 05 de haut ; elle porte six lignes
11
From 1904 to 1910 he was a pastor in London; during this period he again travelled to
East and Southeast Asia to further his Buddhist studies. Between 1913 and 1930 he lectured
in History of Religions at the University of Amsterdam. From 1905 on he published many
works on Buddhism.

Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ 463
d'écriture, sauf toutefois une feuille d'une autre main qui n'a que cinq lignes,
bien que les dimensions soient identiques. L'origine exacte de ce manuscrit
paraît inconnue ; je n'ai pu du moins la trouver. Aucune description chinoise
n'en signale l'existence ; la tradition orale du temple veut qu'il ait été
apporté en Chine par Hiuan-tsang, et la fang-tchang, en me la disant, ajouta
qu'il avait d'abord appartenu au Kouo-ts'ing sseu, mais par la suite avait
passé dans son temple : je ne sais ce qu'il peut y avoir là de vrai.
The only significant difference between the above and FRANKE's and
KIELHORN's comments, lies in the number of folios, which according to
MASPERO are nineteen instead of twenty. In 1934, however, FINOT informed
us that the folio containing the Sekodde¡apañjik¢ (fragment B in KIEL-
HORN) was no longer part of the codex (1934: 3). His hypothesis was that
the omission was due to the incompleteness of the photographs, but we may
also suppose that the folio, inadvertently incorporated into the text (FINOT
1934: 3, n. 2), was subsequently reinserted in its original corpus or conserved
independently.
During the same mission, MASPERO photographed in the Puansi Monastery
near Ningbo another palm-leaf manuscript, dating to the 11th cent. and
written in Bengalese script; it is a codex of 25 folios containing eight short
Tantric Buddhist ritualistic texts, including the Hevajrasekaprakriy¢ and
the ¹ma¡¢navidhi. Also in this case MASPERO describes the manuscript; he
recounts that according to a tradition it was brought from India to China by
Baozhang (*Ratnap¢½i or, according to OKUYAMA, *Ratnahasta) in 1057; 12
he refers to the fairly detailed account of it given by Rev W. GILBERT WAL-
SHE in 1900; he photographs it ) completely, he declares (but FINOT informs
us that some folios were not reproduced) ) and he writes that according
to the local monks the manuscript was miraculously saved from a fire
during the Taiping rebellion (1914: 69).
The Puansi manuscript was reproduced in six photographs, while that of
Gaomingsi was reproduced in two. These eight photographs were given to
FINOT, who did not realize while working on them that they had been taken
at different times and in different places. He writes (1933: 830):
[...] the bundle of leaves which was showed to Maspero, although undoubtedly
the same which was seen by Franke, had received in the interval
an important addition. According to the photographs, it now contains, besides
the Param¢rthasev¢ and the leaf D, two other manuscripts or parts: 1º
12
If this is correct, it has a certain bearing on the study of cultural relations between
China and India in the Sung period (10th!12th cent.).

464 FRANCESCO SFERRA
an anonymous treatise on the initiation of the pupil, entitled Hevajrasekaprakriy¢;
2º a collection of small T¢ntric rituals by L‹y¤, ¹¢¡vatavajra etc.
This observation, which he more or less repeated in 1934 (p. 3), leads us to
suppose that both manuscripts had become part of a single corpus and that
they were held at Puansi Monastery, creating a misunderstanding that we
also find in YAMADA (1959: 206) and SAKAI (1960: 358), but fortunately
not in OKUYAMA (1989), who provides the most recent account of the
matter and, among other things, valuable information on two reviews by
FRANKE (1894, 1895) and two new works by RICHARD O. MEISEZAHL who
focuses primarily on the ¹ma¡¢navidhi (1974 and 1980).
In 1934 FINOT arranged MASPERO's photographs in order, from A to H,
and published the Sanskrit texts of all the works that MASPERO had photographed
at Puansi (= photos A÷F); but he decided not to publish the Param¢rthasev¢,
because the photos (G÷H) were not clear enough and not easily
readable (FINOT 1934: 4):
[...] les photographies étant trop peu distinctes pour permettre d'établir un
texte suivi, et nous nous occuperons exclusivement du premier manuscrit.
In an attempt to locate these photos, although I knew they were in bad
condition, some years ago I asked my teacher and friend, RAFFAELE TO-
RELLA, if he could try and track them down while he was in Paris. But he
had no luck, and no pictures of this text have been found to date. I truly
hope that these photos, like those taken by FRANKE and HACKMANN, will
eventually be found in some archives, possibly among MASPERO´s or FI-
NOT's papers.
I cannot say with any certainty whether the manuscript once held at Gaomingsi
still exists; I intend to verify this on the spot. FINOT said that he
13
hoped to obtain through F. DIEDRICHSON and Mons. DEFÉBURE new photographs
of the manuscripts that MASPERO had photographed, but it appears
that the Puansi library was set on fire during a robbery (FINOT 1934: 8).
Even if this were true, it would not have affected the manuscript of the
Param¢rthasev¢.
Manuscript N is in excellent condition and relatively correct from a
grammatical standpoint. As DR. DIWAKAR ACHARYA has kindly pointed out
13
It is also worth verifying if fragment B in KIELHORN's transcription still exists in
China and if it has by any chance been grouped with other folios of the same work. In fact,
the Sekodde¡apañjik¢ (Q # 2071) has only been partly published on the basis of a single
mutilated MS. The editio princeps ends with the commentary on stanza 146, therefore the
discovery of other manuscript sources would be of great importance.

Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ 465
to me this MS has probably been written around Newari Sa¾vat 500 (=
1380 AD). We cannot exclude that other parts of it will be discovered in the
Nepalese archives in the near future; meanwhile I hope to be able to find
more Sanskrit fragments and quotations in other works.
The present work consists of the edition of the stanzas contained in MS N
and in KIELHORN's transcription, and of all the stanzas belonging to the
Param¢rthasev¢ that I have so far been able to trace in Sanskrit sources.
14
The fragments published by WATANABE have not been published here
since they deserve a more detailed analysis. This is a first step in the preparation
of a monograph comprising an edition of as many Sanskrit stanzas
as possible of the text and a complete edition of the Tibetan version along
with an English translation.
KIELHORN's transcription and MS N possess characteristics that are typically
found in Indian and, more particularly, Nepalese MSS: gemination of
consonants and semivowels following r, simplification of the ttva group in
tva, interchangeability of v and b, of ¡, ¼ and s, etc. These and other orthographic
variants have not been recorded in the notes. The sandhi has been
standardized.
The part of the text published here is not the most original and important,
but since it describes the qualities of the sadguru, it makes a fitting tribute
to a master of Indological and Tibetological studies such as PROF. MICHAEL
HAHN, whom I have had the privilege of meeting and greatly esteem.
References
Primary Sources
Jagaddarpa½a
N¢rop¢
Pu½Îar¤ka
Kriy¢samuccaya: Kriya-samuccaya. A Sanskrit Manuscript from Nepal
Containing a Collection of Tantric Ritual by Jagaddarpa½a, reproduced
by LOKESH CHANDRA, New Delhi, 1977 (¹atapi¿aka Series 237).
Sekodde¡a¿¤k¢: The Sekodde¡a¿¤k¢ by N¢rop¢ (Param¢rthasa¾graha),
Critical Edition of the Sanskrit Text by FRANCESCO SFERRA, Critical
Edition of the Tibetan Translation by STEFANIA MERZAGORA, Roma,
2006 (Serie Orientale Roma 99).
Vimalaprabh¢: Vimalaprabh¢¿¤k¢ of Kalkin ¹r¤pu½Îar¤ka on ¹r¤laghuk¢lacakratantrar¢ja
by ¹r¤mañju¡r¤ya¡as, vol. 1, ed. by JAGANNATHA
UPADHYAYA, Sarnath, Varanasi, 1986 (Bibliotheca Indo-Tibetica Series
14
See WATANABE 1933: 558 and SAKAI 1960: 353!352 (56!57).

466 FRANCESCO SFERRA
11); vols. 2!3, ed. by VRAJAVALLABH DWIVEDI, S.S. BAHULKAR, Sarnath,
Varanasi, 1994 (Rare Buddhist Text Series 12!13).
Ravi¡r¤jñ¢na Am’taka½ik¢: ¨ryamañju¡r¤n¢masaËg¤ti with Am’taka½ik¢-¿ippa½¤ by
Bhik¼u Ravi¡r¤jñ¢na and Am’taka½ikodyota-nibandha of Vibh‹ticandra,
ed. by BANARSI LAL, Sarnath, Varanasi, 1994 (Bibliotheca Indo-Tibetica
Series 30).
Ravi¡r¤jñ¢na Gu½abhara½¤: The ÌaÎaËgayoga by Anupamarak¼ita with Ravi¡r¤jñ¢na's
Gu½abhara½¤n¢ma¼aÎaËgayoga¿ippa½¤. Text and Annotated Translation,
ed. by FRANCESCO SFERRA, Roma, 2000 (Serie Orientale Roma 85).
Sekodde¡apañjik¢ Sekodde¡apañjik¢, The Results of a joint study on the Buddhist Tantric
Texts, Taish¥ University, Annual of the Institute for Comprehensive
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Subh¢¼itasa¾graha ed. by CECIL BENDALL, Le Muséon, N.S., 4!5 (1903!1904), 375!402;
5!46; 245!74.
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FINOT, LOUIS
1933 “K¢lid¢sa in China,” Indian Historical Quarterly 9, 829!834.
1934 “Manuscrits sanskrits de s¢dhana's retrouvés en Chine,” Journal Asiatique
1934, 1!86.
KIELHORN, FRANZ
1894 “Sanskrit Manuscripts in China,” in idem, Kleine Schriften, mit einer Auswahl
der epigraphischen Aufsätze, hrsg. von WILHELM RAU, Teil 2, Wiesbaden,
1969, 932!935 (reprint from: a) The Academy. A Weekly Review of Literature,
Science and Art 1154 (16th June 1894), 498ff.; b) Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society 1894: 835!838).
MASPERO, HENRI
1914 “Rapport sommaire sur une mission archéologique au Tchö-Kiang,” Bulletin
de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient 14, 1!71.
MORIGUCHI MITSUTOSHI
1998 “¨c¢ryakriy¢samuccaya johon Vajr¢c¢ryalak¼a½avidhi tekisuto to wayaku: ajari
no tokus¥ nitsuite,” in Sat¥ Ry‹ken hakase koki kinen ronbunsh‹ kank¥kai
(ed.), Bukky¥ ky¥ri shis¥ no kenky‹: Sat¥ Ry‹ken hakase koki kinen ronbunsh‹
[Studies of Buddhist Doctrine and Thought: Papers in Honour of Prof. Dr. Sat¥
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NAUDOU, JEAN
1968 Les bouddhistes ka¡m¤riens au moyen age, Paris (Annales du Musée Guimet,
Bibliothèque d'études 68).
NEWMAN, JOHN R.
1987 The outer Wheel of Time: Vajray¢na Buddhist cosmology in the K¢lacakra tantra,
Ann Arbor, University Microfilms International (University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Ph.D. Thesis).
1998 “The Epoch of the K¢lacakra Tantra,” Indo-Iranian Journal 41, 319!349.

Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ 467
OKUYAMA NAOJI
1989 “III. Ch‹goku Sekk¥sh¥ hakken no nishu no bonbun shahon ni tsuite,” in TSU-
KAMOTO KEISH¬, MATSUNAGA Y−KEI, ISODA HIROFUMI (eds.), Bongo butten
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Buddhist Literature. Vol. IV. The Buddhist Tantra], Kyoto, 521!525.
OROFINO, GIACOMELLA
1994 Sekodde¡a. A Critical Edition of the Tibetan Translation. With an Appendix by
Raniero Gnoli On the Sanskrit Text, Roma (Serie Orientale Roma 72).
ROERICH, GEORGE
2
1949 (transl.) ( 1976), The Blue Annals. Parts I and II (Bound in One), Delhi
1
(Calcutta 1949!1953).
SAKAI SHINTEN
1960 “Param¢rthasev¢ ni tsuite,” Indogaku bukky¥gaku kenky‹ [Journal of Indian
and Buddhist Studies] 8, 359!352 (= 50!57).
SHUKLA, N.S.
1974 “On the Concept of a Tantric Teacher,” in Ch¢rudeva ¹¢str¤ Felicitation Volume.
Presented to Prof. Ch¢rudeva ¹¢str¤ on the Occasion of his Seventy-fifth
Anniversary by his Friends and Admirers, Delhi, pp. 579!587.
WATANABE KAIKYOKU
1908 “Shina Tendaisan chinz¥ no kobonpon ni tsukite,” T¥y¥ tetsugaku, 15!10.
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1933a
16!3.
“Tendaisan chinz¥ no kobonpon ni tsukite,” in Kogetsu zensh‹, 2 vols., Kogetsu
zensh‹ kank¥kai, Tokyo, vol. 1, 550!560.
1933b “Tendaisan chinz¥ no kobonpon ni tsukite no hotei,” in Kogetsu zensh‹, 2
vols., Kogetsu zensh‹ kank¥kai, Tokyo, vol. 1, 561!563.
YAMADA RY−J¬
1959 Bongo butten no shobunken, Heirakuji shoten, Kyoto.
Sigla and Symbols
D Tibetan translation: dPal don dam pa'i bsñen pa by Zla ba mgon bo: sDe dge
edition, bsTan 'gyur rgyud, vol. NA, # 1348, fols. 1b1!20a3
G KIELHORN's transcription of folio 2 (recto and verso) of the MS kept at Gaomingsi
Monastery, photographed by A.O. FRANKE
GBh Gu½abhara½¤
IsIAO Istituto Italiano per l´Africa e l´Oriente, Rome
KS Kriy¢samuccaya
N NAK, MS No. 5.7235, K¢lacakratantra = NGMPP, Mf. No. B30/31
NAK National Archives, Kathmandu
NGMPP Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project
Q Tibetan translation: dPal don dam pa'i bsñen pa by Zla ba mgon bo: Peking
edition (Quianlong), bsTan 'gyur rgyud, vol. 47, # 2065, fols. 1b1!25a4
SBhS Subh¢¼itasa¾graha
Tib. Tibetan/Tibetan translation

468 FRANCESCO SFERRA
ac
ante correctionem
conj. conjecture
em. emendation
pc
post correctionem
r recto
v verso
(ep) equally possible
* precedes a word or a name retranslated into Sanskrit from Tibetan or Chinese
+ ak¼ara that can be either short or long
! long ak¼ara
¯ short ak¼ara
] separates the accepted reading from the variants
(...) enclose the numbers of the stanzas (not present in the MSS)
enclose the restored text (in the G-variants these parentheses indicate the
ak¼aras restored by KIELHORN, which he was probably able to read only in
part)
[...] enclose the pagination of G and N (in bold type)
{...} mark the lacunae
_..._ cruces desperationis
italic words retranslated from Tibetan
Text
+ ! ¯ ! ! [N2r] khalu lokav¢kya¾ n¢n¢vidho dar¡anadharmabhedaÀ ›
vedo 'pratarkyaÀ sm’tayo vibhinn¢ g’h½¢tu ki¾ s¢dhujano 'tra loke ›› (5)
5a Tib.: 'jig rten Ëag gi Ëes pa (Ëes ma pa: Q) chad mas dman pa ste 2 5d g’h½¢tu conj. ]
g’hnantu N. However, it is worth noting that s¢dhujano is translated into Tib. with a plural:
mkhas pa rnams.
sarvajñag¤ta¾ hi pad¢rtham anyad vak¼yanti c¢nyad bahubhir matai¡ ca ›
¼aÎdar¡anasth¢ guravaÀ prasiddh¢ dh¢tuprabuddh¢À samadh¢tusupt¢À ›› (6)
6a ºg¤ta¾ conj. (ISAACSON) ] ºg¤t¢ N 2 6c guravaÀ em. ] guruvaÀ N.
¡rutv¢ tu tantra¾ guruvaktrah¤na¾ na c¢bhi¼ikto 'k¼aram¢rgana¼¿aÀ ›
yo 'smin mah¢c¢ryapada¾ karoti m‹rkhe jane ko 'sya vic¢ra e¼aÀ ›› (7)
dad¢ti d¤k¼¢¾ dhanak¢malubdhaÀ svama½Îala¾ vartayate rajobhiÀ ›
¡il¢maya¾ p‹jayat¤¼¿aliËga¾ juhoti ku½Îajvalane gh’t¢[G2r]dyam ›› (8)
8d ºdyam N (ºdya¾) ] º G.
o¾k¢rah‹¾k¢ram it¤¼¿amantram anyat punaÀ pr¢k’tam etad uktam ›
eva¾ na j¢n¢ti vina[N2v]¼¿abuddhir yac chabdam¢tra¾ hi tad eva mantram ›› (9)
9a ºh‹¾k¢ram N ] ºh‹¾k¢m G * it¤º N ] it¢º G 2 9d mantram N Tib. ] m¢tram G.

Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ 469
ar¢jaha¾se sarasi pravi¼¿a ¡obh¢¾ gato dh‹rtavako 'bja¼a½Îe ›
pracchannam’tyuÀ svakule jha¼¢½¢¾ yath¢ tath¢ du¼¿agurur jan¢n¢m ›› (10)
10a pravi¼¿aÀ em. ] pravi¼¿a G; pravi¼¿e N 2 10b ºbh¢¾ gato (ºbh¢Ë gato) dh‹rtavako N ]
broken in G 2 10c jha¼¢º N ( jhas¢º) ] s¢º G 2 10d ºgurur N ] ºguru G.
¢kuñcya ka½¿ha¾ nalin¤dale¼u ni¼a½½a ekena padena dh‹rtaÀ ›
bhr¢nti¾ karoty abjam ida¾ jha¼¢½¢¾ vako yath¢ du¼¿agurur jan¢n¢m ›› (11)
11a ka½¿ha¾ GTib. ] ka½ja¾ (sic) N * nalin¤º N ] nalan¤º G * ºdale¼u conj. ] ºdale tu GN 2
11b ni¼a½½a ekena padena G ] ni¼ar½½a ekena padapadena N 2 11c abjam ida¾ jha¼¢½¢¾
conj. ] abjamijhayan¢¾ N; ºroty ÷ jhaº broken in G 2 11d ºgurur N ] ºguru G.
na¿o yath¢ n¢¿akabh¢vahetoÀ karoti p¢trasya surendrar‹pam ›
tath¢bhi¼eke jinamaulibandha¾ karoty am¢rg¤ dhanak¢malubdhaÀ ›› (12)
12a na¿o yath¢ N ] yath¢ na¿o G (ep) 2 12ab ºhetoÀ karoº N ] ºhetoroº G 2 12c
ºbandha¾ G (ºvandha¾) ] ºbandha N 2 12d am¢rg¤ N ] am¢rg¢ G * dhanak¢malubdhaÀ
N ] broken in G.
k¢m¢turo madyava¡¢t pramattaÀ sakrodhacitto bahuvittalubdhaÀ ›
asatyav¢d¤ sutavañcan¢rth¤ dad¢ti duÀkha¾ sa gurur na citram ›› (13) [N3r]
13c sutaº em. ] s‹taº N; ¡rutaº G 2 13d ºgurur N ] ºguru G * citram N ] cittra¾ G.
sa¾s¢raduÀkh¢nalat¢pitena gurur g’h¤tas timirek¼a½ena ›
sant¢pan¢¡¢ya mah¢pathastho bhr¢nty¢ vi¼asyeva su¼uptasarpaÀ ›› (14)
pc
14ab ºt¢pitena gurur N ] broken in G * timireº G (timire) ] timiraiº N 2 14c ºstho G (conj.
ac
KIELHORN) N ] ºsthe G 2 14d ºsarpaÀ N ] ºsayyaÀ G.
dharm¢ntarair m‹rkhajanair anekair nirv¢½asaukhya¾ prati lubdhacittaiÀ ›
¢r¢dhito du¼¿aguruÀ kimartha¾ par¤k¼yam¢½o narak¢did¢t¢ ›› (15)
15a dharm¢ntarair G Tib. ] karm¢turai N 2 15bc ºttaiÀ › ¢r¢dhiº N ] broken in G * ºguruÀ
N ] guru G 2 15d par¤k¼yaº em. ] par¤k¼aº GN.
sa¾s¢ranirv¢½avina¼¿abh¢vaÀ prajñ¢nivi¼¿aÀ karu½¢dyabhinnaÀ ›
nirindriyaÀ ¡¢¡vata ity atarkyaÀ ana[G2v]nvayaÀ sarvaga eva ¡¢ntaÀ ›› (16)
16a ºbh¢vaÀ N ] ºbh¢À G 2 16b ºnivi¼¿aÀ G ] ºvina¼¿aÀ N ] * º dyabhiº N ] ºbhiº
G 2 16c atarkyaÀ (sic metri causa); atarkyo N ] atarkko G 2 16d ºnvayaÀ svarga N ]
broken in G.
¡r¤vajrasattvo 'pi sa c¢dibuddhaÀ ¡r¤mañjugho¼aÀ sa ca lokan¢thaÀ ›
¡r¤vajra΢kaÀ sa ca cittavajraÀ sa c¢k¼aro ni¼kalayogagamyaÀ ›› (17)
17c ºÎ¢kaÀ em. ] ºd¢kaÀ N; a(?)kra(?)À G 2 17d ºgamyaÀ G ] ºgamy¢À N 2 Between st. 17
and st. 18 there are the following two p¢das in N, which are not present in G and Tib.:
pc
ac
sa vi¡vayonir (ºvi¡vaº N ] ºvisvaº N ) bhavahetuvajra
sa c¢[N3v]din¢thaÀ sugato jinendraÀ.
sa ce¡varo vi¼½upit¢maho ca m¢r¢rin¢¡aÀ sugato jinendraÀ ›
¡r¤¡¢kyasi¾haÀ sa ya¡omuni¡ ca ¡r¤k¢lacakraÀ sa ca sarvabuddhaÀ ›› (18)

470 FRANCESCO SFERRA
18a º¡varo vi¼½upiº N ] broken in G * ºmaho ca em. (cf. Tib.: mes po = *pit¢maha) ] mahau
N; sahaiva G 2 18d ºcakraÀ sa N ] ºcakrasya G * sarvaº N ] savvaº G.
sa ¡r¤gurur nirmita eva ¡¢ntaÀ pracchannabuddhaÀ sukhado dhara½y¢m ›
m¢r¢rir eko jagadekabandhu¡ cint¢ma½iÀ sadgurusevak¢n¢m ›› (19)
19a ºgurur N ] ºguru G 2 19b pracchannabuddhaÀ suº N ] broken in G * dhara½y¢m
G ] dhara½y¢ N 2 19c ºbandhu¡ N ] ºvandhu G 2 19d sadguruº N ] sa¾sutaº G * ºsevaº
N ] broken in G.
dhy¢y¤ bhavadhy¢navimuktasaËgaÀ k¢m¤ mah¢k¢manibaddhacittaÀ ›
mah¢vrat¤ dv¤ndriyasaukhyayoge mudr¢prasaËge 'py avina¼¿ar¢gaÀ ›› (20)
20 This stanza in quoted in the GBh, p. 87 2 20a ºvimuktaº NGBh ] ºvina¼¿aº G 2 20b
pc
ac
ºk¢maº GN ] ºk¢kamaº N * ºnibaddhaº NGBh ] ºvivuddhaº G 2 20c mah¢vrat¤ dv¤ndriº
N ] broken in G.
candr¢rkam¢rgapravina¼¿ayogaÀ prajñ¢nale yogabal¢t pravi¼¿aÀ ›
anantasaukhy¢m’taseka eva sa ¡r¤gurur va[N4r]jradharo 'ghahant¢ ›› (21)
21 This stanza in quoted in the GBh, p. 87 2 21a ºm¢rga N ] ºm¢rga¾ G * ºpraviº N ] prati
G 2 21cd ºka eva sa ¡r¤º N ] broken in G.
ay¢cakaÀ satsutaka¾ vivarjya ty¢g¤ na d¢nasya sukh¢gatasya ›
labdhasya vittasya na sañcay¢rth¤ labdh¢ni vitt¢ny upabhogakart¢ ›› (22)
22a satsutaº em. ] satsu taº G; satsuº N (contra metrum) * vivarjya N ] vivarkku (?) G 2
22b This p¢da is quoted in the KS, fol. 2v2 * d¢nasya N ] d¢na (!) G (contra metrum) 2
22d ºni vitt¢ny N ] nimitt¢ny G * upaº N ] uya(!)º G.
sad[G end]de¡ako 'nuttaratantrag¤teÀ sa¾s¢rahart¢ gu½in¢¾ sut¢n¢m ›
¢brahmaloka¾ svatanau pradar¡¤ sa ¡r¤guruÀ ¡r¤gurur eva n¢nyaÀ ›› (23)
23a sadº em. ] sanº N; sa¾º G (ep); Tib.: yaË dag ston po'o.
sa¾p‹jito nityam anantabuddhaiÀ sa vandito diggatabodhisattvaiÀ ›
g¤taÀ sa siddhair bahuvajrag¤tair mok¼¢rthadar¡¤ bhava_cintya_p¢t¢t ››O›› (24)
24d Tib.: srid pa'i dgon par lhuË la lam ni ston pa'o ( pa po Q).
na ¡r¤guruÀ pr¢k’tak¢malolo na ¡r¤guruÀ sv¢gatavittalubdhaÀ ›
na ¡r¤guruÀ s¢dhujan¢pav¢d¤ na ¡r¤guruÀ sattvaday¢[N4v]vimuktaÀ ›› (25)
na ¡r¤guruÀ sadhanaiÀ prad¢t¢ na ¡r¤gurur nirdhana¡i¼yamuktaÀ ›
na ¡r¤gurur bh¢vitakarmad¢t¢ na ¡r¤guruÀ satsutamaunakart¢ ›› (26)
26a saËghaº Tib. (dge 'dun) ] s¢ (plus blank space for one ak¼ara) N.
na ¡r¤guruÀ satsutatattvagop¤ na ¡r¤guruÀ satsutavañcan¢rth¤ ›
na ¡r¤guruÀ satsutad¤rgharodh¤ na ¡r¤guruÀ satsutavarjan¢rth¤ ›› (27)
na ¡r¤guru jñ¢nava¡¢t sagarvo na ¡r¤gurur dravyava¡¢t prah’¼¿aÀ ›
na ¡r¤guruÀ k¼udrag’h¢¡rarth¤ na ¡r¤gur‹ r¢jyasukha¾ pravi¼¿aÀ ›› 28 ››
28c k¼udrag’h¢¡ram¢rth¤ conj. based on Tib. (khyim du bsti bdod 'dod) ] k¼udrag’h¢-
¡ra(blank space for one ak¼ara)nv¤ N.

Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ 471
na ¡r¤guruÀ s‹tradharaÀ svaka½¿he na ¡r¤gurur vai¼½avada½Îadh¢r¤ ›
na ¡r¤gurur bhasmaviliptag¢tro na ¡r¤gurur lambaja¿¤ na mauñj¤ ›› (29)
29c ºg¢tro em. ] ºg¢tra N.
na ¡r¤[N5r]guru mu½Îakap¢ladh¢r¤ na ¡r¤gurur nagnaviluptake¡aÀ ›
na ¡r¤gur‹ raktapa¿¢v’t¢Ëgo na ¡r¤gurur yogapa¿aprabaddhaÀ ›› (30)
30 Between p¢das b and c there is the following p¢da in the Tib.: dben pa'i dbaË gis rab
dga' dpal ldan bla ma min 2 30c is quoted in the KS, fol. 3r7, which continues as follows:
na ¡r¤gur‹ ¡ikakhirip¢tradh¢rihastaÀ (sic; cf. st. 33b), and with p¢das 34a and 33d (see
below) 2 30d yogapa¿aprabaddhaÀ em. ] yogapa¿¢prabaddhaÀ N; the Tib. reads as follows:
pus 'khyud rab tu 'chiË ba.
na ¡r¤gurur mantrajap¢k¼as‹tr¤ na ¡r¤gurur madyava¡¢t pramattaÀ ›
na ¡r¤guruÀ pr¢½akadu¼¿acitto na ¡r¤guruÀ saukhyava¡¢t prah’¼¿aÀ ›› (31)
31 Between stanzas 31 and 32 there is the following p¢da in the Tib.: 'gyur ba'i bde la
chags pa dpal ldan bla ma min 2 31d ºruÀ saukhyava¡¢t prah’¼¿aÀ partially broken in N.
na ¡r¤gurur duÀkhava¡¢d vi¼¢d¤ na ¡r¤gurur mok¼apathe pram¢d¤ ›
na ¡r¤gurur {m¢rgavina¼¿acitto na ¡r¤guruÀ} sarvagadharmana¼¿aÀ ›› (32)
32a na ¡rº partially broken in N 2 32cd m¢rgavina¼¿acitto na ¡r¤guruÀ retranslated on the
basis of the Tib.: las ñyams pa'i sems ldan (...) dpal ldan bla ma min.
na ¡r¤guruÀ svendriyaduÀkhakart¢ na ¡r¤guruÀ khi{kkhirip¢tradh¢r¤ ›
na ¡r¤gur}ur abhyavak¢¡ayog¤ na ¡r¤guruÀ p¢dapam‹lav¢ ›› (33)
33b This p¢da is quoted in the KS (cf. MORIGUCHI 1998: 76) 2 33d This p¢da is quoted in
the KS, fol. 3r7 * p¢dapaº KS ] p¢padapaº N (contra metrum).
na ¡r¤gurur duÀkhadap¢¾¡uk‹[N5v]{l¤ na ¡r¤gurur bhik¼ukak¢labho}j¤ ›
na ¡r¤gurur nirjanadurgav¢s¤ na ¡r¤guruÀ ¡ailaguh¢pravi¼¿aÀ ››O›› (34)
34ab This p¢da is quoted in the KS, fol. 3r7 2 34b Tib.: dus su za ba'i dge sloË dpal ldan bla
ma min.
sa ¡r¤gurur {yo gu½adh‹pana¼¿aÀ sa} ¡r¤gurur yo bhavado¼ana¼¿aÀ ›
sa ¡r¤gurur yaÀ priyav¢kyabh¢¼¤ sa ¡r¤gurur ya{À ¡ubham¢rgade¡¤ ›› (35)
35ab yo gu½adh‹pana¼¿aÀ sa retranslated on the basis of the Tib.: gaË Óig yon tan riË phuË
(...) de 2 35d ºÀ ¡ubham¢rgade¡¤ retranslated on the basis of the Tib.: lam bzaË (bzaËs D)
ston pa'i; the restored ak¼aras are partially visible on the bottom in N.
sa ¡r¤gurur} yo narak¢gnihart¢ sa ¡r¤gurur yo bhavap¢ranet¢ ›
sa ¡r¤gurur yo jagadekabandhuÀ sa ¡r¤gurur yo jagadekacak¼uÀ ›› (36)
pc
36a sa ¡r¤gurur retranslated on the basis of the Tib.: dpal ldan bla ma de 2 36d jagadº N ]
ac
jagagadº N .
sa ¡r¤gurur yo jagadekam¢t¢ sa ¡r¤gurur yo jagadekabhart¢ ›
sa ¡r¤gurur yo jagadekacandraÀ sa ¡r¤gurur yo jagadekas‹ryaÀ ›› (37)
37a This p¢da is not translated into Tib.

472 FRANCESCO SFERRA
sa ¡r¤gurur yaÀ sugat¢rthavet¢ sa ¡r¤gurur yo 'k¼ayam¢[N6r]rahart¢ ›
sa ¡r¤gurur yo 'k¼ayam¢rgad¢t¢ sa ¡r¤gurur yo 'k¼ayam¢ramard¤ ›› (38)
38b This p¢da is not translated into Tib. 2 38d This p¢da is not translated into Tib.
sa ¡r¤gurur yaÀ ¡rutaka½¿hadh¢r¤ sa ¡r¤gurur yo 'k¼arada½Îadh¢r¤ ›
sa ¡r¤gurur yo gu½adh‹lit¢Ëga sa ¡r¤gurur yo jinamaulibaddhaÀ ›› (39)
sa ¡r¤gurur yas tanumu½Îadh¢r¤ sa ¡r¤gurur yo ripuke¡aluptaÀ ›
sa ¡r¤gurur yo bhavaduÀkhanagna sa ¡r¤gurur yo 'grapa¿¢v’t¢ËgaÀ ›› (40)
sa ¡r¤gurur yo 'm’tap¢tralubdhaÀ sa ¡r¤gurur yaÀ samaya¾ pravi¼¿aÀ ›
sa ¡r¤gurur yas tanurak¼a½¢rth¤ sa ¡r¤gurur yo marudak¼as‹tr¤ ›› (41)
sa ¡r¤gurur yo jinav’k¼am‹l¤ sa ¡r¤gurur yo vratap¢trahastaÀ ›
sa ¡r¤gurur yaÀ sukhap¢¾[N6v]¡uk‹l¤ sa ¡r¤gurur yo 'vyayak¢labhoj¤ ›› (42)
sa ¡r¤gurur yaÀ khavana¾ pravi¼¿aÀ sa ¡r¤gurur yaÀ khaguh¢niv¢s¤ ›
sa ¡r¤gurur yaÀ samasattvacitta sa ¡r¤gurur yo 'bhayadas tri¡uddhy¢ ›› (43)
43d 'bhayadas em. ] 'bhayad¢s N.
sa ¡r¤guruÀ kin na hi sevan¤ya sa ¡r¤guruÀ kin na hi tarpan¤yaÀ ›
sa ¡r¤guruÀ kin na hi p‹jan¤ya sa ¡r¤guruÀ kin na hi vandan¤yaÀ ›› (44)
¡ayy¢sanair v¢hanad¢sabh’tyair divy¢Ëgan¢bhis tanusundar¤bhiÀ ›
sabandhubhiÀ sve¼¿akalatraputraiÀ svamastaken¢pi sukhaprad¢t¢ ›› (45)
pc
ac
45b ºsundar¤bhiÀ N ] ºsundar¤yabhiÀ N 2 45d svamastaº N ] *samastaº Tib. (ma lus).
¡¢lyodanair m¢¾sagh’taiÀ sugandhaiÀ pakv¢nnap¢nair bahubhir manojñaiÀ ›
t¢mb‹lakarp‹rasuvaktrav¢saiÀ [N7 missing]
›› (46)
46d Tib.: gla rtsi la sogs pa yis (la'i Q) bdud maË dgra la'o.
... ›› (47!54)
[N8r]dhita ¡r¤guruvaktram i¼¿a¾ prakopita¾ janma¡atair ani¼¿am ›
tasm¢t svabuddhy¢ suvic¢rayitv¢ ¢r¢dhan¤yo na hi kopan¤yaÀ ›› (55)
55a Tib.: dpal ldan bla ma'i Óabs la brten par 'dod pa de.
¡il¢maya¾ k¢¼¿hamaya¾ hi bimba¾ tad arcayant¤ha paratra lubdh¢À ›
sacetana¾ sarvagu½¢laya¾ ca mah¢guru¾ ta¾ parid‹¼ayanti ›› (56)
56d ºd‹¼ayanti em. ] ºd‹¼ayant¤ N.
grast¢ sad¢ vighnavin¢yakais te m¢rair anekair narak¢gnip¢laiÀ ›
tyaktv¢ svacitta¾ praka¿a¾ jinendra acetana¾ ye parip‹jayanti ›› (57)
57d ye em. ] jeye N (contra metrum) * parip‹jayanti conj. based on Tib. (mchod byed) ]
parip‹rayanti N.
mañju¡riyo hy ¢ditath¢gat¢¡ ca kurvanti p‹j¢m aparasya ¡¢stuÀ ›
ki¾k¢ra½a¾ sattvavineyahetor na c¢pi mok¼a¾ pratilubdhak¢m¢À ›› (58)

Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ 473
pc
58c ki¾º em. ] ka¾º N * ºvineyaº em. ] ºvinayaº N (contra metrum) 2 58d mok¼a¾ N ]
ac
nirv¢½amok¼a¾ N .
eva¾ guruÀ sth¢payat¤¼¿aliËgam a[N8v]jñ¢nalokasya ca pu½yahetoÀ ›
karoti p‹j¢¾ bahuvandan¢¾ ca na c¢pi nirv¢½apadasya lobh¢t ›› (59)
59a guruÀ em. ] guraº N.
a¡¢¡vata¾ t¢vad ida¾ ¡ar¤ra¾ kalatraputra¾ bahubandhuvargaÀ ›
dh¢nya¾ dhana¾ r¢jyam a¡atrupak¼a¾ siddhatvabuddhatvam ’¼itvam eva ›› (60)
60d The word buddha is translated into Tib. with dbaË po.
e¼¢¾ nimitta¾ bh’¡amohar¢go yady ak¼aya¾ pa¡yasi kiñcid atra ›
traidh¢tuke sth¢varajaËgama¾ ca yan na k¼aya¾ y¢syati vastur‹pam ›› (61)
61a Tib.: 'di rnams dag la gti mug ched du chags par gyis * e¼¢¾ em. ] e¼¢n N * nimitta¾
pc
ac
N ] nimitva¾ N * bh’¡aº conj. ] bh’ruº N.
tva¾ cak¼ase t¢vad ida¾ ¡ar¤ra¾ y¢van na m’tyuÀ pratibodham eti ›
asau prabuddhas tava cak¼yam¢½a¾ dad¢ti k¢ya¾ khagajambukebhyaÀ ›› (62)
62c cak¼yaº em. ] cak¼aº N.
eva¾ kalatra¾ ca suta¾ ca bandhumitra¾ ca n¢tha¾ ¡ara½¢gata¾ ca ›
k¢lena datta jvalan¢dikebhyo nendr¢dayo rak¼ayitu¾ samarth¢À ›› (63)
63c k¢lena datta¾ em. based on the Tib.: dus kyis byin pas na.
tenaiva [N9r] siddh¢ ’¼ayaÀ surendr¢ n¤t¢À k¼aya¾ y¢vad anantasa¾khy¢À ›
svakarma ko v¢rayitu¾ samartho jñ¢n¢nalo y¢vad ad’¡yam¢naÀ ›› (64)
a¡¢¡vata¾ sarvam ida¾ hy ani¼¿a¾ jñ¢n¢m’ta¾ ¡r¤guruvaktram i¼¿am ›
eta dvaya¾ duÀkhasukhapras‹ti g’h½¢si kin naiva vic¢rayitv¢ ›› (65)
karo¼i y¢vat sva¡ar¤rap‹j¢¾ sa¾s¢radurgabhrama½asvabh¢v¢m ›
t¢vad guroÀ kin na karo¼i t¢¾ vai nirv¢½asaukhya¾ sakala¾ prad¢tr¤m ›› (66)
datv¢ dhan¢ni svayam arjit¢ni g’h½¢si n¢r¤¾ narak¢gnid¢tr¤m ›
dad¢si t¢¾ kin na guroÀ subhadr¢¾ buddh¢Ëgan¢liËganad¢yik¢ y¢m ›› (67)
67a arjit¢ni em. ] ¢rjit¢ni N 2 67d ºd¢yik¢¾ y¢m em. based on Tib.: ster mdzad gaË.
divy¢Ëgan¢À pu½yava¡¢d bhavanti dhan¢ni dh¢ny¢ni manoram¢½i [N9v] ›
p¢paprabh¢v¢c cirasa¾cit¢ni n¢¡a¾ pray¢nti pratirak¼it¢ni ›› (68)
68b ºsa¾cit¢ni em. (cf. Tib.: bsags pa) ] ºsa¾citt¢ni N.
tasm¢d vi¡i¼¿¢ni manoram¢½i dey¢ni d¢n¢ni guroÀ padebhyaÀ ›
yebhyaÀ prad¢t¢ni bhavanti n‹nam anekajanmany api saukhyad¢ni ›› (69)
datt¢ni d¢n¢ni phala¾ pray¢nti b¤j¢ni yadvat suvi¡uddhabh‹my¢m ›
t¢ny apradatt¢ni phalanti naiva s¢sy¢ni b¤j¢ni yath¢ kubh‹my¢m ›› (70)
70d s¢sy¢ni em. ] sasy¢ni N.
k¼etre¼v ab¤je¼u ca sasyahetoÀ kle¡a¾ yath¢tyanta karoti m‹ÎhaÀ ›
guror adatt¢ni tath¢ dhan¢ni grah¤tuk¢mo bhramate dhara½y¢m ›› (71)

474 FRANCESCO SFERRA
71b ºtyanta karoti sic metri causa for ºtyanta¾ karoti 2 71c tath¢ conj. based on the context
and Tib. (de bÓin du) ] yath¢ N.
karoti sev¢¾ va½ijaÀ k’¼i¾ ca g’h½¢ti vidy¢¾ dhanak¢malubdhaÀ ›
tath¢pi d¢ridryam anekak¢la¾ k¼ipr¢gata¾ ti¼¿hati p¢pakartuÀ ›› (72)
72a k’¼i¾ N Tib. (ÓiË); read k’¡¢¾?
kle¡a¾ vi[N10r]n¢ sasyahira½yabh¢ry¢ bhavanty acinty¢ bahupu½yakartuÀ ›
siddhatvam indratvam ’¼itvam agram a¡atrur¢jya¾ sukhada¾ dhara½y¢m ›› (73)
yad yac chubha¾ ki¾cid api tridh¢tau tat tad guros tu¼¿iva¡¢t samastam ›
d¢ridryaroga¾ narak¢gniduÀkha¾ tasy¢prato¼¢d bhavati prak’¼¿am ›› (74)
tath¢gatair uttaratantrag¤t¢ gurupras¢d¢d bhavat¤¼¿asiddhiÀ ›
tantr¢ntare ti¼¿hati v¢kyam etad asy¢prato¼¢n narake prave¡aÀ ›› (75)
pc
ac
75a uttaratantraº N ] uttaratantantraº N * ºg¤t¢ em. ] ºg¤ta¾ N 2 75c etad conj. (cf. Tib.:
pc
ac
tshig 'di ñid ni) ] etta N 2 75d narake N ] narak¢ N .
jñ¢tv¢ guru¾ sadgu½ap‹r½acitta¾ sa¾s¢rahetor api ye tyajanti ›
te

Fragments of Pu½Îar¤ka's Param¢rthasev¢ 475
fol. 121v5!6; NAK, MS 9!133 = NGMPP, Mf. C 14/10, fol. 66v3; NAK, MS 4!21 vi 23 =
NGMPP, Mf. B 24/23, fol. 94r2!3 (a photo of this MS is also kept in the IsIAO Library,
Rome, among G. TUCCI's MSS Collection, No. 3.42, folder 7) 2 111a ºsaukhy¢¾ MS
Ked¢ra ] ºsaukhy¤¾ ed.; ºsaukhy¤ MS 9!133 MS 4!21; ºsaukhya MS 1108 2 111b ¡ubh¢Ëg¢¾
yuvat¤¾ conj. (cf. Tib. below) ] ¡ubh¢h¢ yuvat¤m MS 9!133; ¡ubh¢¾ bhagavat¤¾
yuvati¾ ed. (contra metrum); ¡ubh¢¾ bhagavat¤¾ yuvat¤¾ MS Ked¢ra MS 4!21 (contra
metrum); ¡ubh¢¾ bhavat¤ yuvat¤ MS 1108; Tib.: bor nas yan lag bzaË po'i (bzaË po bor nas
Q) na chuË dag la mos 2 In the Am’taka½ikoddyotanibandha (ed. pp. 204f.; Tokyo University
Library, MS 18, fol. 81r3!4; NAK, MS 3!655 = NGMPP, Mf. E 117/10, fol. 84r4!5)
Vibh‹ticandra glosses this stanza with the following words: t¢m ity¢di › mok¼alak¼m¤¾
mah¢mudr¢m ak¼arasukh¢m (sic MSS; mah¢mudr¢k¼arasukh¢m ed.) ataÀ ¡ubh¢¾ ku¡alar‹p¢¾
tyaktv¢ yuvat¤¾ ramante 'n¢dik¢laprav’ttab¢hy¢bhinive¡¢d (ºprav’ttaº MSS ] ºprav’ttiº
ed. MS 18 ) am’ta¾ hitv¢ vi¼a¾
ac
pibant¤ti.
... ›› (112!147)
¡r¤brahmac¢r¤ yuvatiprasaËga + ! ¯ ! ! ¯ ¯ ! ¯ ! + ›
vi¼endrabhokt¢ vi¼atattvav¢d¤ na c¢py abhokto bhavati prasiddhaÀ ›› (148)
148 This stanza is quoted in the KS, fol. 2v2!3 2 148b Tib.: bla na med pa'i rgyud las dor
bar ma gsuËs so; in the KS we have here p¢da 22b (see above) 2 148d na em. (see Tib. below)
] nu KS * Tib.: 'o na te ma zos na ni grags par mi 'gyur ro.
... ›› (149!155)
str¤saËgah¤na¾ na hi mok¼asaukhya¾ str¤saËgah¤na¾ na bhav¢gniduÀkham ›
tasm¢t svabuddhy¢ suvic¢rayitv¢ g’h½antu ¡i¼y¢À pratibh¢ti yac ca ›› (156)
156 This stanza is quoted in the SBhS, p. 26 2 156c svaº em. based on the Tib. (raË gi) ] suº
SBhS (ep) * ºyitv¢ em. (cf. Tib.: legs par dpyad nas) ] ºcitt¢ conj. BENDALL; ºcitv¢ MS 2
156d Tib.: sËags pas gaË la mos pa yaË ni blaË bar bgyis.
k¢¼¿h¢d dhavis toyam ap¤nduk¢nt¢d dadhno gh’ta¾ lohakula¾ ¡il¢bhyaÀ ›
str¤yonisaËg¢d avina¼¿asaukhya¾ g’h½antu yogy¢s tadup¢yayogaiÀ ›› (157)
157 This stanza is quoted in the SBhS, p. 26, and the GBh, p. 85 2 157b dadhno SBhS ]
dadhn¢ GBh.
... ›› (158)
vajrasya sambodhanam ekam ukta¾ vajr¢nane pr¢½agata¾ dvit¤yam ›
¡r¤bodhicitt¢k¼ara½a¾ t’t¤yam etad dhi kaly¢½amah¢vrata¾ ca ›› (159)
159 This stanza is quoted in the SBhS, p. 26 2 159b vajr¢nane SBhS ] *vajr¢nale Tib. (rdo
rje me la) 2 159c t’t¤yam conj. BENDALL ] k’t¤ya¾ MS.
... ›› (160!162)
n’p¢d da¡¢dhikyagu½aÀ subhik¼ur bhik¼or da¡¢dhikyagu½aÀ sumantr¤ ›
¡r¤brahmacarye½a sam¢dhin¢ ca maitry¢din¢ tattvasuni¡cayena ›› (163)
163 This stanza is quoted in the KS, fol. 2v1!2 2 163a n’p¢d conj. based on the Tib. (rgyal
po) ] sasr¢t KS; ¡rama½¢t in MORIGUCHI 1998: 72 (contra metrum) 2 163b bhik¼or da¡¢º
conj. based on the Tib. (dge sloË bcu bas) and the context ] bhak¼odde¡¢º KS * sumantr¤
MORIGUCHI 1998: 72 (cf. Tib.: bsËags [em. sËags?] pa bzaË) ] subha¾c¤ KS.

476 FRANCESCO SFERRA
... ›› (164!172)
citte na ka¡cid bhavat¢pan¤yo na k¼epa½¤yo na ca h¢niv’ddh¤ ›
citte svacittapratibh¢sam¢tra¾ traidh¢tuka¾ toyagato yath¢rkaÀ ›› (173)
173 This stanza is quoted in the GBh, p. 85.
... ›› (174!178)
ya¾ rak¼ate bhik¼ur anantahetor ya¾ k¢muko 'nve¼ayate sukh¢rtham ›
tayos tu madhye 'dvayayogaratna¾ g’h½¢ti yaÀ so 'k¼ayat¢¾ pravi¼¿aÀ ›› (179)
179 This stanza is quoted in the SBhS, p. 26.
... ›› (180!198)
ayantrita¾ dhy¢nava¡¢t kad¢cic chr¤bodhicitta¾ patate 'bjamadhye ›
jñ¢tv¢ tu mudr¢¾suvi¡uddhacitt¢¾gr¢hya¾svavaktre½a tad¢bjamadhye›› (199)
199 This stanza is quoted in the SBhS, p. 26. The same concept occurs in a stanza of the
¨dibuddha quoted in the Vimalaprabh¢ by Pu½Îar¤ka (vol. 2, p. 107) and the Sekodde¡a¿¤k¢
by N¢rop¢ (p. 102):
m’ducitt¢d yad¢ yonau bodhicitta¾ cyuta¾ bhavet ›
padmab¢hya¾ tad¢ gr¢hya¾ jñ¢tv¢ mudr¢¾ svajihvay¢ ››
Cf. also Laghuk¢lacakratantra 5.78!85 and the relative Vimalaprabh¢ (vol. 3, pp. 40!44).
a¡uddhamudr¢bjagata¾ hi citta¾ gr¢hya¾ sthale