Harvesting - Basics and Methods - Ctba
Harvesting - Basics and Methods - Ctba
Harvesting - Basics and Methods - Ctba
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STODAFOR Conference<br />
Storm Damaged Forests – <strong>Harvesting</strong> Operations <strong>and</strong> Log<br />
Conservation<br />
27.-28. 27. 28. October 2004, Schluchsee, Schluchsee,<br />
Germany<br />
<strong>Harvesting</strong> - <strong>Basics</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong><br />
Forstliche Versuchs- Versuchs und Forschungsanstalt<br />
Wonnhalderstrasse 4<br />
79100 Freiburg<br />
EU-Concerted Action<br />
QLK5-CT-2001-00645<br />
email: udo.sauter udo sauter@forst forst.bwl bwl.de .de
Content<br />
General Considerations<br />
• First steps<br />
• Evaluation<br />
• Assessment of the situation<br />
Decisions<br />
Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
• Regulations / Laws<br />
• Important actors<br />
• Work Safety<br />
• Recommendation for log measurement<br />
• Marking Roundwood<br />
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General Considerations<br />
First of all….<br />
all<br />
• think big<br />
• remain cool<br />
• <strong>and</strong> install a competent task force<br />
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General Considerations<br />
First steps<br />
• get an rough overview to estimate the extent of<br />
damaged area <strong>and</strong><br />
• severness of impacts to the public<br />
• inform authorities, radio stations <strong>and</strong> regional<br />
papers<br />
• starting measures to restore disturbances of public<br />
life (roads, railways lines, power lines, dangerous trees)<br />
Foresters can play an important role because of <br />
their competence, machine equipment, trained work power<br />
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General Considerations<br />
Evaluation<br />
the extent of the storm damaged forests<br />
• Sources: maps, inventory data, aerial / satellite<br />
photos, local knowledge<br />
• Characterising storm-damaged areas:<br />
localisation, volume, percentages damage type,<br />
single/group damage, tree species, dimesions,<br />
terrain, infrastructure<br />
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Tree damage types<br />
Wind-thrown trees<br />
Storm broken trees<br />
Bent or leaning stems<br />
Crown damages<br />
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General Considerations<br />
Assessment of the situation<br />
basic decisions:<br />
1. Will the tree be harvested?<br />
VORBEREITUNGSPLAN<br />
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Sofortige Massnahmen<br />
Sturmschaden<br />
Vermessung/Auswertung<br />
aspects: work safety, expected bark beetle attacks, timber<br />
Holzernte?<br />
market, economics - logging costs versus timber value, Kontrollpunkt:<br />
Strategische<br />
Wirtschaft<br />
conditions for reforestation, Entscheidung game, ecology<br />
… positive answer leads to…<br />
contracts with saw mills also from abroad<br />
Technische<br />
Entscheidung<br />
Lagerung ?<br />
Konservierungsmethode<br />
Erntesystem/Methode<br />
2. Will the harvested logs be stored before further<br />
processing?<br />
Taktischer Plan<br />
… answer influences…<br />
Nachverfolgung/Kontrolle<br />
the choice of adapted harvesting system (cut-to-length or<br />
tree-length)<br />
AUSWERTUNG<br />
Umwelt<br />
Politik<br />
Sicherheit<br />
Technik
Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
Regulations / Laws<br />
National laws <strong>and</strong> regulations exist especially for ...<br />
• Log transportation on public roads<br />
• Log conservation (environmental impacts)<br />
Note the differences between contries!<br />
See Appendix 6 Technical Guide<br />
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Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
Important actors<br />
• Forest Owners<br />
heterogeneous group, forest owner associations<br />
• Entrepreneurs (contractors) / forest workers<br />
national forestry entrepreneur associations important<br />
communication channel (e.g. ENFE incl. 14 states)<br />
• Timber buyers<br />
challenges <strong>and</strong> chances supply changes / prices<br />
• Road authorities<br />
regional increase of truck traffic<br />
• Environmental authorities<br />
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Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
Work Safety<br />
Working in storm damaged forests means<br />
working under very high-risk high risk conditions<br />
Example I - Germany<br />
During processing of 30 Mio m³ storm damaged timber after<br />
“LOTHAR” in Baden-Württemberg / Germany<br />
25 deaths occurred (one in the state forest)<br />
Highly trained state forest workers before starting <strong>and</strong><br />
during work under high-risk conditions<br />
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Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
Work Safety<br />
Example II - France<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
99/12/2<br />
6<br />
Average<br />
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Work only for well<br />
trained people<br />
00/12/3<br />
1<br />
Number of accidents per week in 2000 in France (logging<br />
operations in storm damaged forests)
SITUATION:<br />
Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
Work Safety<br />
1<br />
Harvester <strong>and</strong> chain saw<br />
operator in<br />
semi mechanized<br />
logging operations<br />
in storm damaged forest.<br />
Keep in mind typical high risk situations<br />
2 3<br />
ACCIDENT:<br />
Contractor is working<br />
20 meters from harvester.<br />
Harvester cuts an<br />
undamaged tree directly<br />
onto chain saw operator<br />
in front of the machine.<br />
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CONSEQUENCES:<br />
Chain saw operator was<br />
not aware of the falling<br />
tree <strong>and</strong> had so far no<br />
chance to escape.<br />
Result: “Worst case!”
Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
Log measurement in storm damaged forests<br />
Measurement can be separated into<br />
three main systems<br />
MANUAL METHOD (forest st<strong>and</strong>)<br />
HARVESTER HEAD (skidding track / forest road)<br />
STATIONARY (at mill site)<br />
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Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
Log measurement in storm damaged forests<br />
MANUAL<br />
HARVESTING<br />
METHODS<br />
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Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
Log measurement in storm damaged forests<br />
MECHANISED<br />
HARVESTING<br />
METHODS<br />
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?
Organisation <strong>and</strong> Planning<br />
Marking <strong>and</strong> Identification roundwood<br />
Two main systems<br />
• Individual log<br />
identification<br />
• Batch identification<br />
Provided information<br />
• Identification of the supplier<br />
• Type of product<br />
• Dimensions<br />
• Grade <strong>and</strong> quality marks<br />
• Number of pieces<br />
• Date of production<br />
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855<br />
example: barcode
Thank you for your attention! attention<br />
... following<br />
„<strong>Harvesting</strong> <strong>Harvesting</strong> Operations“<br />
Operations<br />
by Didier Pischedda<br />
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