11.2 Radical Revolution & Reaction
11.2 Radical Revolution & Reaction
11.2 Radical Revolution & Reaction
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<strong>Radical</strong><br />
<strong>Revolution</strong> &<br />
<strong>Reaction</strong><br />
<strong>11.2</strong>
Jacobins: <strong>Radical</strong> Group<br />
Led by Georges Danton &<br />
Jean-Paul Marat<br />
Main goal was to rid<br />
anyone who opposed to<br />
revolution<br />
Sept. 1792- another<br />
constitution is written<br />
Big question… What to do<br />
with the king?
Eventually created a “republic” with no king<br />
Still a debate over what to do with Louis XVI<br />
<strong>Radical</strong> group in charge:<br />
Jacobins<br />
Different factions<br />
• Girondins- mainly from countryside<br />
moderate<br />
• Mountains- from Paris<br />
radical
Mountains wanted to kill the king<br />
Jan 1793- Louis XVI is beheaded (traitor to<br />
France)<br />
Austria, Prussia, England, Spain, Portugal, & the<br />
Dutch unify against the French<br />
Time of crisis for France<br />
France creates “Committee of Public Safety”
Committee of Public Safety<br />
C.O.P.S. led by Danton,<br />
then Robespierre<br />
Job was to protect<br />
France from outside &<br />
inside threats<br />
Marat is assassinated<br />
leads to the Reign of<br />
Terror- 1793-1794<br />
40,000 French killed<br />
16,000 by the guillotine
Cities: (Don’t copy)<br />
City of Lyon opposed<br />
revolution<br />
They were shot with grape<br />
shot (cannons)<br />
City of Nantes<br />
People put in barges, then<br />
they were sunk<br />
Only 15% of the killed<br />
were 1 st & 2 nd estate
Calendar<br />
COPS tried to eliminate<br />
Christianity<br />
Changed the calendar<br />
Year 1 was to be 1792<br />
New names for months<br />
12 months<br />
Three 10 day weeks
Foreign Threat<br />
C.O.P.S. called for<br />
Universal Mobilization<br />
1 st national draft<br />
Beginning of Modern<br />
Nationalism<br />
Led to an army of over 1<br />
million people<br />
France wins war easily<br />
The main “crisis” is over
Opposition to the Reign of Terror<br />
Danton opposes to Robespierre (too much killing)<br />
Danton is killed<br />
Then The Nation Convention arrests Robespierre<br />
Kill him<br />
End of Reign of Terror!
Aftermath<br />
1795- more moderate<br />
group takes over<br />
Writes (another) new<br />
constitution<br />
Gov’t is very corrupt &<br />
weak<br />
Appoints “The Directory”<br />
as the executive branch (a<br />
committee)<br />
1799- Coup d'état by<br />
Napoleon
Vocabulary<br />
Faction- a dissenting group,<br />
splitting<br />
Elector- an individual qualified<br />
to vote in an election<br />
Coup d'état- sudden<br />
overthrow of government<br />
George Danton- minister of<br />
justice<br />
Sought revenge on those who<br />
aided king
Vocabulary Cont’d<br />
Jean-Paul Marat- leader who<br />
publish “Friend of the People”<br />
Jacobins- club, large network<br />
of political groups<br />
Committee of Public Safetycommittee<br />
of 12<br />
Given broad powers<br />
Maximilien Robespierredominated<br />
COPS after Marat<br />
Reign of Terror- time that<br />
Committee of Public Safety<br />
ruled
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