GaBi Paper Clip Tutorial - GaBi Software

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Conducting Life Cycle Assessments each other more easily, since it is possible to say which impact indicator result contributes more or less to the overall entity of this impact category. Figure 11 shows impact categories normalized for different regions. 3.0E-11 2.5E-11 2.0E-11 1.5E-11 1.0E-11 5.0E-12 0.0E+00 Figure 11: Normalized impact categories for different regions GWP 100 Year [-] ODP [-] AP [-] EP [-] POCP [-] 24 USA North America World Normalized impact indicator results are non-dimensional quantities that allow for comparison between different impact categories; which impact category has a normal amount and which one is relatively larger? The normalized results of all chosen impact categories can also be displayed in a single graph, since they do not have different physical units anymore. 2.3.5.2 Grouping Grouping involves the sorting and ranking of the impact categories. It is an optional element with two possible approaches. The impact categories could be sorted on a nominal basis by characteristics such as inputs and outputs or global, regional or local spatial scales. The impact categories could also be ranked in a given hierarchy, for example in high, medium, and low priority. Ranking is based on value-choices. Different individuals, organizations, and societies may have different preferences. It is therefore possible that different parties will reach different ranking results based on the same indicator results or normalized indicator results. 2.3.5.3 Weighting Weighting is an optional element of the LCA and is based on value-choices and not on scientific principles. Weighting is used to compare different impact indicator results according to their significance. This weighting of the significance of an impact category is expressed with weighting factors. Those weighting factors are appraised through surveys among different groups (for example experts with hierarchical, egalitarian or individual approach, population…).Weighting can also be used to aggregate weighted impact indicator results to a single score result.
2.4 Interpretation Conducting Life Cycle Assessments In the interpretation phase the results are checked and evaluated to see that they are consistent with the goal and scope definition and that the study is complete. This phase includes two primary steps: 1. identification of significant issues; 2. evaluation (described below). The life cycle interpretation is an iterative procedure both within the interpretation phase itself and with the other phases of the LCA. The roles and responsibilities of the various interested parties should be described and taken into account. If a critical review has been conducted, these results should also be described. 2.4.1 Identification of significant issues The first step of the life cycle interpretation phase is to structure the results from the LCI and LCIA, and identify the “significant issues” or data elements that contribute most significantly to the results of both the LCI and LCIA for each product, process or service. The identification of significant issues guides the evaluation step. Because of the extensive amount of data collected, it is only feasible, within reasonable time and resources, to assess the data elements that contribute significantly to the outcome of the results. Significant issues can include: Inventory elements such as energy consumption, major material flows, wastes and emissions etc. Impact category indicators that are of special interest or whose amount is of concern. Essential contributions of life cycle stages to LCI or LCIA results such as individual unit processes or groups of processes (e.g., transportation, energy production). The results of the LCI and the LCIA phases are structured to identify significant issues. These issues should be determined in accordance with the goal and scope definition and iteratively with the evaluation phase. The results can be presented in form of data lists, tables, bar diagrams or other convenient forms. They can be structured according to the life cycle phases, different processes (energy supply, transportation, raw material extraction etc), types of environmental impact or other criteria. 2.4.2 Evaluation The goal of the evaluation is to enhance the reliability of the study. The following three methods should be used for the evaluation: Completeness check: In the completeness check, any missing or incomplete information will be analyzed to see if the information is necessary to satisfy the goal and scope of the study. Missing data have to be added or recalculated to fill the gap or alternatively the goal and scope definition can be adjusted. If the decision is made that the information is not necessary, the reasons for this should be recorded. Sensitivity check: The sensitivity check determines how the results are affected by uncertainties in the data, assumptions, allocation methods, calculation 25
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Page 29 and 30: If so, you can skip this step. Proc
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Flows Procedure Perhaps the mos
Page 33 and 34: 3.6 Starting a project Procedure Yo
Page 35 and 36: There are 2 ways to do this in GaBi
Page 37 and 38: Procedure A window opens where you
Page 39 and 40: 3.13 Parameters Procedure Here you
Page 41 and 42: Procedure When you select a flow fr
Page 43 and 44: Procedure 38. Type in the column
Page 45 and 46: Procedure We do this to specify the
Page 47 and 48: Procedure 49. Double click on the
Page 49 and 50: Procedure You can also use the auto
Page 51 and 52: 3.25 Resizing process boxes Procedu
Page 53 and 54: Procedure 62. Connect the steel wir
Page 55 and 56: 3.27 Adding a plan Procedure We wil
Page 57 and 58: 3.29 Adding comments Procedure You
Page 59 and 60: Procedure You can drill down into t
Page 61 and 62: Procedure 97. Double click on the
Page 63 and 64: Procedure As you see, only the flow
Page 65 and 66: Procedure By right clicking on a co
Page 67 and 68: 3.39 Exporting results Procedure If
Page 69 and 70: Appendix A Appendix A Description o
Page 71 and 72: The acidification potential is give
Page 73 and 74: Appendix A effects are changes in g
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Appendix A Appendix A 9 Abiotic Dep
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